spaCy/website/docs/api/lexeme.md

title	teaser	tag	source
Lexeme	An entry in the vocabulary	class	spacy/lexeme.pyx

A Lexeme has no string context – it's a word type, as opposed to a word token. It therefore has no part-of-speech tag, dependency parse, or lemma (if lemmatization depends on the part-of-speech tag).

Lexeme.__init__

Create a Lexeme object.

Name	Type	Description
vocab	Vocab	The parent vocabulary.
orth	int	The orth id of the lexeme.
RETURNS	Lexeme	The newly constructed object.

Lexeme.set_flag

Change the value of a boolean flag.

Example

COOL_FLAG = nlp.vocab.add_flag(lambda text: False)
nlp.vocab["spaCy"].set_flag(COOL_FLAG, True)

Name	Type	Description
flag_id	int	The attribute ID of the flag to set.
value	bool	The new value of the flag.

Lexeme.check_flag

Check the value of a boolean flag.

Example

is_my_library = lambda text: text in ["spaCy", "Thinc"]
MY_LIBRARY = nlp.vocab.add_flag(is_my_library)
assert nlp.vocab["spaCy"].check_flag(MY_LIBRARY) == True

Name	Type	Description
flag_id	int	The attribute ID of the flag to query.
RETURNS	bool	The value of the flag.

Lexeme.similarity

Compute a semantic similarity estimate. Defaults to cosine over vectors.

Example

apple = nlp.vocab["apple"]
orange = nlp.vocab["orange"]
apple_orange = apple.similarity(orange)
orange_apple = orange.similarity(apple)
assert apple_orange == orange_apple

Name	Type	Description
other	-	The object to compare with. By default, accepts Doc, Span, Token and Lexeme objects.
RETURNS	float	A scalar similarity score. Higher is more similar.

Lexeme.has_vector

A boolean value indicating whether a word vector is associated with the lexeme.

Example

apple = nlp.vocab["apple"]
assert apple.has_vector

Name	Type	Description
RETURNS	bool	Whether the lexeme has a vector data attached.

Lexeme.vector

A real-valued meaning representation.

Example

apple = nlp.vocab["apple"]
assert apple.vector.dtype == "float32"
assert apple.vector.shape == (300,)

Name	Type	Description
RETURNS	numpy.ndarray[ndim=1, dtype='float32']	A 1D numpy array representing the lexeme's semantics.

Lexeme.vector_norm

The L2 norm of the lexeme's vector representation.

Example

apple = nlp.vocab["apple"]
pasta = nlp.vocab["pasta"]
apple.vector_norm  # 7.1346845626831055
pasta.vector_norm  # 7.759851932525635
assert apple.vector_norm != pasta.vector_norm

Name	Type	Description
RETURNS	float	The L2 norm of the vector representation.

Attributes

Name	Type	Description
vocab	Vocab	The lexeme's vocabulary.
text	str	Verbatim text content.
orth	int	ID of the verbatim text content.
orth_	str	Verbatim text content (identical to Lexeme.text). Exists mostly for consistency with the other attributes.
rank	int	Sequential ID of the lexemes's lexical type, used to index into tables, e.g. for word vectors.
flags	int	Container of the lexeme's binary flags.
norm	int	The lexemes's norm, i.e. a normalized form of the lexeme text.
norm_	str	The lexemes's norm, i.e. a normalized form of the lexeme text.
lower	int	Lowercase form of the word.
lower_	str	Lowercase form of the word.
shape	int	Transform of the words's string, to show orthographic features. Alphabetic characters are replaced by x or X, and numeric characters are replaced by d, and sequences of the same character are truncated after length 4. For example,"Xxxx"or"dd"`.
shape_	str	Transform of the word's string, to show orthographic features. Alphabetic characters are replaced by x or X, and numeric characters are replaced by d, and sequences of the same character are truncated after length 4. For example,"Xxxx"or"dd"`.
prefix	int	Length-N substring from the start of the word. Defaults to N=1.
prefix_	str	Length-N substring from the start of the word. Defaults to N=1.
suffix	int	Length-N substring from the end of the word. Defaults to N=3.
suffix_	str	Length-N substring from the start of the word. Defaults to N=3.
is_alpha	bool	Does the lexeme consist of alphabetic characters? Equivalent to lexeme.text.isalpha().
is_ascii	bool	Does the lexeme consist of ASCII characters? Equivalent to [any(ord(c) >= 128 for c in lexeme.text)].
is_digit	bool	Does the lexeme consist of digits? Equivalent to lexeme.text.isdigit().
is_lower	bool	Is the lexeme in lowercase? Equivalent to lexeme.text.islower().
is_upper	bool	Is the lexeme in uppercase? Equivalent to lexeme.text.isupper().
is_title	bool	Is the lexeme in titlecase? Equivalent to lexeme.text.istitle().
is_punct	bool	Is the lexeme punctuation?
is_left_punct	bool	Is the lexeme a left punctuation mark, e.g. (?
is_right_punct	bool	Is the lexeme a right punctuation mark, e.g. )?
is_space	bool	Does the lexeme consist of whitespace characters? Equivalent to lexeme.text.isspace().
is_bracket	bool	Is the lexeme a bracket?
is_quote	bool	Is the lexeme a quotation mark?
is_currency 2.0.8	bool	Is the lexeme a currency symbol?
like_url	bool	Does the lexeme resemble a URL?
like_num	bool	Does the lexeme represent a number? e.g. "10.9", "10", "ten", etc.
like_email	bool	Does the lexeme resemble an email address?
is_oov	bool	Is the lexeme out-of-vocabulary?
is_stop	bool	Is the lexeme part of a "stop list"?
lang	int	Language of the parent vocabulary.
lang_	str	Language of the parent vocabulary.
prob	float	Smoothed log probability estimate of the lexeme's word type (context-independent entry in the vocabulary).
cluster	int	Brown cluster ID.
sentiment	float	A scalar value indicating the positivity or negativity of the lexeme.