spaCy/spacy/language.py

# coding: utf8
from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals
from contextlib import contextmanager
import dill

import numpy
from thinc.neural import Model
from thinc.neural.ops import NumpyOps, CupyOps

from .tokenizer import Tokenizer
from .vocab import Vocab
from .tagger import Tagger
from .lemmatizer import Lemmatizer
from .train import Trainer
from .syntax.parser import get_templates
from .syntax.nonproj import PseudoProjectivity
from .pipeline import NeuralDependencyParser, EntityRecognizer
from .pipeline import TokenVectorEncoder, NeuralTagger, NeuralEntityRecognizer
from .compat import json_dumps
from .attrs import IS_STOP
from .lang.punctuation import TOKENIZER_PREFIXES, TOKENIZER_SUFFIXES, TOKENIZER_INFIXES
from .lang.tokenizer_exceptions import TOKEN_MATCH
from .lang.tag_map import TAG_MAP
from .lang.lex_attrs import LEX_ATTRS
from . import util


class BaseDefaults(object):
    @classmethod
    def create_lemmatizer(cls, nlp=None):
        return Lemmatizer(cls.lemma_index, cls.lemma_exc, cls.lemma_rules)

    @classmethod
    def create_vocab(cls, nlp=None):
        lemmatizer = cls.create_lemmatizer(nlp)
        lex_attr_getters = dict(cls.lex_attr_getters)
        # This is messy, but it's the minimal working fix to Issue #639.
        lex_attr_getters[IS_STOP] = lambda string: string.lower() in cls.stop_words
        vocab = Vocab(lex_attr_getters=lex_attr_getters, tag_map=cls.tag_map,
                      lemmatizer=lemmatizer)
        for tag_str, exc in cls.morph_rules.items():
            for orth_str, attrs in exc.items():
                vocab.morphology.add_special_case(tag_str, orth_str, attrs)
        return vocab

    @classmethod
    def create_tokenizer(cls, nlp=None):
        rules = cls.tokenizer_exceptions
        token_match = cls.token_match
        prefix_search = util.compile_prefix_regex(cls.prefixes).search \
                        if cls.prefixes else None
        suffix_search = util.compile_suffix_regex(cls.suffixes).search \
                        if cls.suffixes else None
        infix_finditer = util.compile_infix_regex(cls.infixes).finditer \
                         if cls.infixes else None
        vocab = nlp.vocab if nlp is not None else cls.create_vocab(nlp)
        return Tokenizer(vocab, rules=rules,
                         prefix_search=prefix_search, suffix_search=suffix_search,
                         infix_finditer=infix_finditer, token_match=token_match)

    @classmethod
    def create_tagger(cls, nlp=None, **cfg):
        if nlp is None:
            return NeuralTagger(cls.create_vocab(nlp), **cfg)
        else:
            return NeuralTagger(nlp.vocab, **cfg)

    @classmethod
    def create_parser(cls, nlp=None, **cfg):
        if nlp is None:
            return NeuralDependencyParser(cls.create_vocab(nlp), **cfg)
        else:
            return NeuralDependencyParser(nlp.vocab, **cfg)

    @classmethod
    def create_entity(cls, nlp=None, **cfg):
        if nlp is None:
            return NeuralEntityRecognizer(cls.create_vocab(nlp), **cfg)
        else:
            return NeuralEntityRecognizer(nlp.vocab, **cfg)

    @classmethod
    def create_pipeline(cls, nlp=None):
        meta = nlp.meta if nlp is not None else {}
        # Resolve strings, like "cnn", "lstm", etc
        pipeline = []
        for entry in cls.pipeline:
            factory = cls.Defaults.factories[entry]
            pipeline.append(factory(nlp, **meta.get(entry, {})))
        return pipeline

    factories = {
        'make_doc': create_tokenizer,
        'token_vectors': lambda nlp, **cfg: TokenVectorEncoder(nlp.vocab, **cfg),
        'tags': lambda nlp, **cfg: NeuralTagger(nlp.vocab, **cfg),
        'dependencies': lambda nlp, **cfg: NeuralDependencyParser(nlp.vocab, **cfg),
        'entities': lambda nlp, **cfg: NeuralEntityRecognizer(nlp.vocab, **cfg),
    }

    token_match = TOKEN_MATCH
    prefixes = tuple(TOKENIZER_PREFIXES)
    suffixes = tuple(TOKENIZER_SUFFIXES)
    infixes = tuple(TOKENIZER_INFIXES)
    tag_map = dict(TAG_MAP)
    tokenizer_exceptions = {}
    parser_features = get_templates('parser')
    entity_features = get_templates('ner')
    tagger_features = Tagger.feature_templates # TODO -- fix this
    stop_words = set()
    lemma_rules = {}
    lemma_exc = {}
    lemma_index = {}
    morph_rules = {}
    lex_attr_getters = LEX_ATTRS


class Language(object):
    """A text-processing pipeline. Usually you'll load this once per process,
    and pass the instance around your application.

    Defaults (class): Settings, data and factory methods for creating the `nlp`
        object and processing pipeline.
    lang (unicode): Two-letter language ID, i.e. ISO code.
    """
    Defaults = BaseDefaults
    lang = None

    def __init__(self, vocab=True, make_doc=True, pipeline=None, meta={}):
        """Initialise a Language object.

        vocab (Vocab): A `Vocab` object. If `True`, a vocab is created via
            `Language.Defaults.create_vocab`.
        make_doc (function): A function that takes text and returns a `Doc`
            object. Usually a `Tokenizer`.
        pipeline (list): A list of annotation processes or IDs of annotation,
            processes, e.g. a `Tagger` object, or `'tagger'`. IDs are looked
            up in `Language.Defaults.factories`.
        meta (dict): Custom meta data for the Language class. Is written to by
            models to add model meta data.
        RETURNS (Language): The newly constructed object.
        """
        self.meta = dict(meta)

        if vocab is True:
            factory = self.Defaults.create_vocab
            vocab = factory(self, **meta.get('vocab', {}))
        self.vocab = vocab
        if make_doc is True:
            factory = self.Defaults.create_tokenizer
            make_doc = factory(self, **meta.get('tokenizer', {}))
        self.make_doc = make_doc
        if pipeline is True:
            self.pipeline = self.Defaults.create_pipeline(self)
        elif pipeline:
            self.pipeline = list(pipeline)
            # Resolve strings, like "cnn", "lstm", etc
            for i, entry in enumerate(self.pipeline):
                if entry in self.Defaults.factories:
                    factory = self.Defaults.factories[entry]
                    self.pipeline[i] = factory(self, **meta.get(entry, {}))
        else:
            self.pipeline = []

    def __call__(self, text, state=None, **disabled):
        """Apply the pipeline to some text. The text can span multiple sentences,
        and can contain arbtrary whitespace. Alignment into the original string
        is preserved.

        text (unicode): The text to be processed.
        **disabled: Elements of the pipeline that should not be run.
        RETURNS (Doc): A container for accessing the annotations.

        EXAMPLE:
            >>> tokens = nlp('An example sentence. Another example sentence.')
            >>> tokens[0].text, tokens[0].head.tag_
            ('An', 'NN')
        """
        doc = self.make_doc(text)
        for proc in self.pipeline:
            name = getattr(proc, 'name', None)
            if name in disabled and not disabled[name]:
                continue
            state = proc(doc, state=state)
        return doc

    def update(self, docs, golds, state=None, drop=0., sgd=None):
        """Update the models in the pipeline.

        docs (iterable): A batch of `Doc` objects.
        golds (iterable): A batch of `GoldParse` objects.
        drop (float): The droput rate.
        sgd (function): An optimizer.
        RETURNS (dict): Results from the update.

        EXAMPLE:
            >>> with nlp.begin_training(gold, use_gpu=True) as (trainer, optimizer):
            >>>    for epoch in trainer.epochs(gold):
            >>>        for docs, golds in epoch:
            >>>            state = nlp.update(docs, golds, sgd=optimizer)
        """
        grads = {}
        def get_grads(W, dW, key=None):
            grads[key] = (W, dW)
        state = {} if state is None else state
        for process in self.pipeline:
            if hasattr(process, 'update'):
                state = process.update(docs, golds, state=state, drop=drop,
                                                    sgd=get_grads)
            else:
                process(docs, state=state)
        if sgd is not None:
            for key, (W, dW) in grads.items():
                # TODO: Unhack this when thinc improves
                if isinstance(W, numpy.ndarray):
                    sgd.ops = NumpyOps()
                else:
                    sgd.ops = CupyOps()
                sgd(W, dW, key=key)
        return state

    @contextmanager
    def begin_training(self, gold_tuples, **cfg):
        """Allocate models, pre-process training data and acquire a trainer and
        optimizer. Used as a contextmanager.

        gold_tuples (iterable): Gold-standard training data.
        **cfg: Config parameters.
        YIELDS (tuple): A trainer and an optimizer.

        EXAMPLE:
            >>> with nlp.begin_training(gold, use_gpu=True) as (trainer, optimizer):
            >>>    for epoch in trainer.epochs(gold):
            >>>        for docs, golds in epoch:
            >>>            state = nlp.update(docs, golds, sgd=optimizer)
        """
        # Populate vocab
        for _, annots_brackets in gold_tuples:
            for annots, _ in annots_brackets:
                for word in annots[1]:
                    _ = self.vocab[word]
        # Handle crossing dependencies
        gold_tuples = PseudoProjectivity.preprocess_training_data(gold_tuples)
        contexts = []
        if cfg.get('use_gpu'):
            Model.ops = CupyOps()
            Model.Ops = CupyOps
            print("Use GPU")
        for proc in self.pipeline:
            if hasattr(proc, 'begin_training'):
                context = proc.begin_training(gold_tuples,
                                              pipeline=self.pipeline)
                contexts.append(context)
        trainer = Trainer(self, gold_tuples, **cfg)
        yield trainer, trainer.optimizer

    @contextmanager
    def use_params(self, params, **cfg):
        """Replace weights of models in the pipeline with those provided in the
        params dictionary. Can be used as a contextmanager, in which case,
        models go back to their original weights after the block.

        params (dict): A dictionary of parameters keyed by model ID.
        **cfg: Config parameters.

        EXAMPLE:
            >>> with nlp.use_params(optimizer.averages):
            >>>     nlp.to_disk('/tmp/checkpoint')
        """
        contexts = [pipe.use_params(params) for pipe
                    in self.pipeline if hasattr(pipe, 'use_params')]
        # TODO: Having trouble with contextlib
        # Workaround: these aren't actually context managers atm.
        for context in contexts:
            try:
                next(context)
            except StopIteration:
                pass
        yield
        for context in contexts:
            try:
                next(context)
            except StopIteration:
                pass

    def pipe(self, texts, n_threads=2, batch_size=1000, **disabled):
        """Process texts as a stream, and yield `Doc` objects in order. Supports
        GIL-free multi-threading.

        texts (iterator): A sequence of texts to process.
        n_threads (int): The number of worker threads to use. If -1, OpenMP will
            decide how many to use at run time. Default is 2.
        batch_size (int): The number of texts to buffer.
        **disabled: Pipeline components to exclude.
        YIELDS (Doc): Documents in the order of the original text.

        EXAMPLE:
            >>> texts = [u'One document.', u'...', u'Lots of documents']
            >>>     for doc in nlp.pipe(texts, batch_size=50, n_threads=4):
            >>>         assert doc.is_parsed
        """
        #stream = ((self.make_doc(text), None) for text in texts)
        stream = ((doc, {}) for doc in texts)
        for proc in self.pipeline:
            name = getattr(proc, 'name', None)
            if name in disabled and not disabled[name]:
                continue
            if hasattr(proc, 'pipe'):
                stream = proc.pipe(stream, n_threads=n_threads, batch_size=batch_size)
            else:
                stream = (proc(doc, state) for doc, state in stream)
        for doc, state in stream:
            yield doc

    def to_disk(self, path, **exclude):
        """Save the current state to a directory.

        path (unicode or Path): A path to a directory, which will be created if
            it doesn't exist. Paths may be either strings or `Path`-like objects.
        **exclude: Named attributes to prevent from being saved.

        EXAMPLE:
            >>> nlp.to_disk('/path/to/models')
        """
        path = util.ensure_path(path)
        if not path.exists():
            path.mkdir()
        if not path.is_dir():
            raise IOError("Output path must be a directory")
        props = {}
        for name, value in self.__dict__.items():
            if name in exclude:
                continue
            if hasattr(value, 'to_disk'):
                value.to_disk(path / name)
            else:
                props[name] = value
        with (path / 'props.pickle').open('wb') as file_:
            dill.dump(props, file_)

    def from_disk(self, path, **exclude):
        """Loads state from a directory. Modifies the object in place and
        returns it.

        path (unicode or Path): A path to a directory. Paths may be either
            strings or `Path`-like objects.
        **exclude: Named attributes to prevent from being loaded.
        RETURNS (Language): The modified `Language` object.

        EXAMPLE:
            >>> from spacy.language import Language
            >>> nlp = Language().from_disk('/path/to/models')
        """
        path = util.ensure_path(path)
        for name in path.iterdir():
            if name not in exclude and hasattr(self, str(name)):
                getattr(self, name).from_disk(path / name)
        with (path / 'props.pickle').open('rb') as file_:
            bytes_data = file_.read()
        self.from_bytes(bytes_data, **exclude)
        return self

    def to_bytes(self, **exclude):
        """Serialize the current state to a binary string.

        **exclude: Named attributes to prevent from being serialized.
        RETURNS (bytes): The serialized form of the `Language` object.
        """
        props = dict(self.__dict__)
        for key in exclude:
            if key in props:
                props.pop(key)
        return dill.dumps(props, -1)

    def from_bytes(self, bytes_data, **exclude):
        """Load state from a binary string.

        bytes_data (bytes): The data to load from.
        **exclude: Named attributes to prevent from being loaded.
        RETURNS (Language): The `Language` object.
        """
        props = dill.loads(bytes_data)
        for key, value in props.items():
            if key not in exclude:
                setattr(self, key, value)
        return self