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cowrie/INSTALL.md

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Installing Cowrie in seven steps.

Step 1: Install dependencies

First we install support for Python virtual environments and other dependencies. The actual Python packages are installed later.

On Debian based systems (tested on Debian 8, 2016-08-30):

$ sudo apt-get install git python-virtualenv libmpfr-dev libssl-dev libmpc-dev libffi-dev build-essential libpython-dev python2.7-minimal authbind

Step 2: Create a user account

It's strongly recommended to install under a dedicated non-root user id:

$ sudo adduser --disabled-password cowrie
Adding user `cowrie' ...
Adding new group `cowrie' (1002) ...
Adding new user `cowrie' (1002) with group `cowrie' ...
Changing the user information for cowrie
Enter the new value, or press ENTER for the default
Full Name []:
Room Number []:
Work Phone []:
Home Phone []:
Other []:
Is the information correct? [Y/n]

$ sudo su - cowrie

Step 3: Checkout the code

$ git clone http://github.com/micheloosterhof/cowrie
Cloning into 'cowrie'...
remote: Counting objects: 2965, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (1025/1025), done.
remote: Total 2965 (delta 1908), reused 2962 (delta 1905), pack-reused 0
Receiving objects: 100% (2965/2965), 3.41 MiB | 2.57 MiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (1908/1908), done.
Checking connectivity... done.

$ cd cowrie

Step 4: Setup Virtual Environment

Next you need to create your virtual environment:

$ pwd
/home/cowrie/cowrie
$ virtualenv cowrie-env
New python executable in ./cowrie/cowrie-env/bin/python
Installing setuptools, pip, wheel...done.

Activate the virtual environment and install packages

$ source cowrie-env/bin/activate
(cowrie-env) $ pip install -r requirements.txt

Step 5: Install configuration file

Take a look at the configuration file and make changes as desired. The defaults work well in most cases.

$ cp cowrie.cfg.dist cowrie.cfg

Step 6: Generate a DSA key

This step should not be necessary, however some versions of twisted are not compatible. To avoid problems in advance, run:

$ cd data
$ ssh-keygen -t dsa -b 1024 -f ssh_host_dsa_key
$ cd ..

Step 7: Turning on cowrie

Cowrie is implemented as a module for twisted, but to properly import everything the top-level source directory needs to be in python's os.path. This sometimes won't happen correctly, so make it explicit:

# or whatever path to the top-level cowrie folder
$ export PYTHONPATH=/home/cowrie/cowrie

In the absence of a virtual environment, you may run:

$ ./start.sh

When using Python Virtual Environments you can add the name of the venv as the first argument or activate it before starting.

$ ./start.sh cowrie-env
Starting cowrie in the background...

Step 8: Port redirection (optional)

Cowrie runs by default on port 2222. This can be modified in the configuration file. The following firewall rule will forward incoming traffic on port 22 to port 2222.

$ sudo iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 22 -j REDIRECT --to-port 2222

Note that you should test this rule only from another host; it doesn't apply to loopback connections. Alternatively you can run authbind to listen as non-root on port 22 directly:

$ apt-get install authbind
$ touch /etc/authbind/byport/22
$ chown cowrie:cowrie /etc/authbind/byport/22
$ chmod 770 /etc/authbind/byport/22

Or for telnet:

$ apt-get install authbind
$ sudo touch /etc/authbind/byport/23
$ sudo chown cowrie:cowrie /etc/authbind/byport/23
$ sudo chmod 770 /etc/authbind/byport/23
  • Edit start.sh and modify the AUTHBIND_ENABLED setting
  • Change listen_port to 22 in cowrie.cfg

Running using Supervisord

On Debian, put the below in /etc/supervisor/conf.d/cowrie.conf

[program:cowrie]
command=/home/cowrie/cowrie/start.sh cowrie-env
directory=/home/cowrie/cowrie/
user=cowrie
autorestart=true
redirect_stderr=true

Update the start.sh script, change:

DAEMONIZE=""

to:

DAEMONIZE="-n"

Troubleshooting

  • For some versions of Twisted you may receive the following error messages:
....
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Crypto/PublicKey/DSA.py", line 342, in _generate
      key = self._math.dsa_construct(obj.y, obj.g, obj.p, obj.q, obj.x)
      TypeError: must be long, not mpz

This is caused by Twisted incompatibilities. A workaround is to run:

$ cd cowrie/data
$ ssh-keygen -t dsa -b 1024 -f ssh_host_dsa_key
  • If there are issues creating the RSA keys, the following is a workaround:
$ cd cowrie/data
$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 2048 -f ssh_host_rsa_key
  • If you see twistd: Unknown command: cowrie there are two possibilities. If there's a python stack trace, it probably means there's a missing or broken dependency. If there's no stack trace, double check that your PYTHONPATH is set to the source code directory.
  • Default file permissions

To make Cowrie logfiles public readable, change the --umask 0077 option in start.sh into --umask 0022

Installing on MacOS for development

gmpy2 requires a number of libraries which are not included by default with MacOS Sierra and must be installed, suggested method is by using homebrew

brew install gmp
brew install mpfr
brew install mpc
brew install libmpc