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spaCy
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spaCy/spacy/cli/train_from_config.py

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from typing import Optional, Dict, List, Union, Sequence
from timeit import default_timer as timer
import srsly
from pydantic import BaseModel, FilePath
import tqdm
from pathlib import Path
from wasabi import msg
import thinc
import thinc.schedules
from thinc.api import Model, use_pytorch_for_gpu_memory
import random
from ..gold import GoldCorpus
from ..lookups import Lookups
from .. import util
from ..errors import Errors
# Don't remove - required to load the built-in architectures
from ..ml import models # noqa: F401
registry = util.registry
CONFIG_STR = """
[training]
patience = 10
eval_frequency = 10
dropout = 0.2
init_tok2vec = null
max_epochs = 100
orth_variant_level = 0.0
gold_preproc = false
max_length = 0
use_gpu = 0
scores = ["ents_p", "ents_r", "ents_f"]
score_weights = {"ents_f": 1.0}
limit = 0
[training.batch_size]
@schedules = "compounding.v1"
start = 100
stop = 1000
compound = 1.001
[optimizer]
@optimizers = "Adam.v1"
learn_rate = 0.001
beta1 = 0.9
beta2 = 0.999
[nlp]
lang = "en"
vectors = null
[nlp.pipeline.tok2vec]
factory = "tok2vec"
[nlp.pipeline.ner]
factory = "ner"
[nlp.pipeline.ner.model]
@architectures = "spacy.TransitionBasedParser.v1"
nr_feature_tokens = 3
hidden_width = 64
maxout_pieces = 3
[nlp.pipeline.ner.model.tok2vec]
@architectures = "spacy.Tok2VecTensors.v1"
width = ${nlp.pipeline.tok2vec.model:width}
[nlp.pipeline.tok2vec.model]
@architectures = "spacy.HashEmbedCNN.v1"
pretrained_vectors = ${nlp:vectors}
width = 128
depth = 4
window_size = 1
embed_size = 10000
maxout_pieces = 3
subword_features = true
"""
class PipelineComponent(BaseModel):
factory: str
model: Model
class Config:
arbitrary_types_allowed = True
class ConfigSchema(BaseModel):
optimizer: Optional["Optimizer"]
class training(BaseModel):
patience: int = 10
eval_frequency: int = 100
dropout: float = 0.2
init_tok2vec: Optional[FilePath] = None
max_epochs: int = 100
orth_variant_level: float = 0.0
gold_preproc: bool = False
max_length: int = 0
use_gpu: int = 0
scores: List[str] = ["ents_p", "ents_r", "ents_f"]
score_weights: Dict[str, Union[int, float]] = {"ents_f": 1.0}
limit: int = 0
batch_size: Union[Sequence[int], int]
class nlp(BaseModel):
lang: str
vectors: Optional[str]
pipeline: Optional[Dict[str, PipelineComponent]]
class Config:
extra = "allow"
def train_cli(
# fmt: off
train_path: ("Location of JSON-formatted training data", "positional", None, Path),
dev_path: ("Location of JSON-formatted development data", "positional", None, Path),
config_path: ("Path to config file", "positional", None, Path),
output_path: ("Output directory to store model in", "option", "o", Path) = None,
init_tok2vec: ("Path to pretrained weights for the tok2vec components. See 'spacy pretrain'. Experimental.", "option", "t2v", Path) = None,
raw_text: ("Path to jsonl file with unlabelled text documents.", "option", "rt", Path) = None,
verbose: ("Display more information for debugging purposes", "flag", "VV", bool) = False,
use_gpu: ("Use GPU", "option", "g", int) = -1,
tag_map_path: ("Location of JSON-formatted tag map", "option", "tm", Path) = None,
omit_extra_lookups: ("Don't include extra lookups in model", "flag", "OEL", bool) = False,
# fmt: on
):
"""
Train or update a spaCy model. Requires data to be formatted in spaCy's
JSON format. To convert data from other formats, use the `spacy convert`
command.
"""
util.set_env_log(verbose)
# Make sure all files and paths exists if they are needed
if not config_path or not config_path.exists():
msg.fail("Config file not found", config_path, exits=1)
if not train_path or not train_path.exists():
msg.fail("Training data not found", train_path, exits=1)
if not dev_path or not dev_path.exists():
msg.fail("Development data not found", dev_path, exits=1)
if output_path is not None:
if not output_path.exists():
output_path.mkdir()
msg.good(f"Created output directory: {output_path}")
elif output_path.exists() and [p for p in output_path.iterdir() if p.is_dir()]:
msg.warn(
"Output directory is not empty.",
"This can lead to unintended side effects when saving the model. "
"Please use an empty directory or a different path instead. If "
"the specified output path doesn't exist, the directory will be "
"created for you.",
)
if raw_text is not None:
raw_text = list(srsly.read_jsonl(raw_text))
tag_map = {}
if tag_map_path is not None:
tag_map = srsly.read_json(tag_map_path)
weights_data = None
if init_tok2vec is not None:
if not init_tok2vec.exists():
msg.fail("Can't find pretrained tok2vec", init_tok2vec, exits=1)
with init_tok2vec.open("rb") as file_:
weights_data = file_.read()
if use_gpu >= 0:
msg.info("Using GPU: {use_gpu}")
util.use_gpu(use_gpu)
else:
msg.info("Using CPU")
train(
config_path,
{"train": train_path, "dev": dev_path},
output_path=output_path,
raw_text=raw_text,
tag_map=tag_map,
weights_data=weights_data,
omit_extra_lookups=omit_extra_lookups,
)
def train(
config_path,
data_paths,
raw_text=None,
output_path=None,
tag_map=None,
weights_data=None,
omit_extra_lookups=False,
):
msg.info(f"Loading config from: {config_path}")
# Read the config first without creating objects, to get to the original nlp_config
config = util.load_config(config_path, create_objects=False)
util.fix_random_seed(config["training"]["seed"])
if config["training"].get("use_pytorch_for_gpu_memory"):
# It feels kind of weird to not have a default for this.
use_pytorch_for_gpu_memory()
nlp_config = config["nlp"]
config = util.load_config(config_path, create_objects=True)
training = config["training"]
msg.info("Creating nlp from config")
nlp = util.load_model_from_config(nlp_config)
optimizer = training["optimizer"]
limit = training["limit"]
msg.info("Loading training corpus")
corpus = GoldCorpus(data_paths["train"], data_paths["dev"], limit=limit)
# verify textcat config
if "textcat" in nlp_config["pipeline"]:
textcat_labels = set(nlp.get_pipe("textcat").labels)
textcat_multilabel = not nlp_config["pipeline"]["textcat"]["model"][
"exclusive_classes"
]
# check whether the setting 'exclusive_classes' corresponds to the provided training data
if textcat_multilabel:
multilabel_found = False
for ex in corpus.train_examples:
cats = ex.doc_annotation.cats
textcat_labels.update(cats.keys())
if list(cats.values()).count(1.0) != 1:
multilabel_found = True
if not multilabel_found:
msg.warn(
"The textcat training instances look like they have "
"mutually exclusive classes. Set 'exclusive_classes' "
"to 'true' in the config to train a classifier with "
"mutually exclusive classes more accurately."
)
else:
for ex in corpus.train_examples:
cats = ex.doc_annotation.cats
textcat_labels.update(cats.keys())
if list(cats.values()).count(1.0) != 1:
msg.fail(
"Some textcat training instances do not have exactly "
"one positive label. Set 'exclusive_classes' "
"to 'false' in the config to train a classifier with classes "
"that are not mutually exclusive."
)
msg.info(
f"Initialized textcat component for {len(textcat_labels)} unique labels"
)
nlp.get_pipe("textcat").labels = tuple(textcat_labels)
# if 'positive_label' is provided: double check whether it's in the data and the task is binary
if nlp_config["pipeline"]["textcat"].get("positive_label", None):
textcat_labels = nlp.get_pipe("textcat").cfg.get("labels", [])
pos_label = nlp_config["pipeline"]["textcat"]["positive_label"]
if pos_label not in textcat_labels:
msg.fail(
f"The textcat's 'positive_label' config setting '{pos_label}' "
f"does not match any label in the training data.",
exits=1,
)
if len(textcat_labels) != 2:
msg.fail(
f"A textcat 'positive_label' '{pos_label}' was "
f"provided for training data that does not appear to be a "
f"binary classification problem with two labels.",
exits=1,
)
if training.get("resume", False):
msg.info("Resuming training")
nlp.resume_training()
else:
msg.info(f"Initializing the nlp pipeline: {nlp.pipe_names}")
nlp.begin_training(lambda: corpus.train_examples)
# Update tag map with provided mapping
nlp.vocab.morphology.tag_map.update(tag_map)
# Create empty extra lexeme tables so the data from spacy-lookups-data
# isn't loaded if these features are accessed
if omit_extra_lookups:
nlp.vocab.lookups_extra = Lookups()
nlp.vocab.lookups_extra.add_table("lexeme_cluster")
nlp.vocab.lookups_extra.add_table("lexeme_prob")
nlp.vocab.lookups_extra.add_table("lexeme_settings")
# Load a pretrained tok2vec model - cf. CLI command 'pretrain'
if weights_data is not None:
tok2vec_path = config.get("pretraining", {}).get("tok2vec_model", None)
if tok2vec_path is None:
msg.fail(
f"To use a pretrained tok2vec model, the config needs to specify which "
f"tok2vec layer to load in the setting [pretraining.tok2vec_model].",
exits=1,
)
tok2vec = config
for subpath in tok2vec_path.split("."):
tok2vec = tok2vec.get(subpath)
if not tok2vec:
msg.fail(
f"Could not locate the tok2vec model at {tok2vec_path}.", exits=1,
)
tok2vec.from_bytes(weights_data)
train_batches = create_train_batches(nlp, corpus, training)
evaluate = create_evaluation_callback(nlp, optimizer, corpus, training)
# Create iterator, which yields out info after each optimization step.
msg.info("Start training")
training_step_iterator = train_while_improving(
nlp,
optimizer,
train_batches,
evaluate,
dropout=training["dropout"],
accumulate_gradient=training["accumulate_gradient"],
patience=training.get("patience", 0),
max_steps=training.get("max_steps", 0),
eval_frequency=training["eval_frequency"],
raw_text=raw_text,
)
msg.info(f"Training. Initial learn rate: {optimizer.learn_rate}")
print_row = setup_printer(training, nlp)
try:
progress = tqdm.tqdm(total=training["eval_frequency"], leave=False)
for batch, info, is_best_checkpoint in training_step_iterator:
progress.update(1)
if is_best_checkpoint is not None:
progress.close()
print_row(info)
if is_best_checkpoint and output_path is not None:
update_meta(training, nlp, info)
nlp.to_disk(output_path / "model-best")
progress = tqdm.tqdm(total=training["eval_frequency"], leave=False)
# Clean up the objects to faciliate garbage collection.
for eg in batch:
eg.doc = None
eg.goldparse = None
eg.doc_annotation = None
eg.token_annotation = None
except Exception as e:
msg.warn(
f"Aborting and saving the final best model. "
f"Encountered exception: {str(e)}",
exits=1,
)
finally:
if output_path is not None:
final_model_path = output_path / "model-final"
if optimizer.averages:
with nlp.use_params(optimizer.averages):
nlp.to_disk(final_model_path)
else:
nlp.to_disk(final_model_path)
msg.good(f"Saved model to output directory {final_model_path}")
def create_train_batches(nlp, corpus, cfg):
epochs_todo = cfg.get("max_epochs", 0)
while True:
train_examples = list(
corpus.train_dataset(
nlp,
noise_level=0.0, # I think this is deprecated?
orth_variant_level=cfg["orth_variant_level"],
gold_preproc=cfg["gold_preproc"],
max_length=cfg["max_length"],
ignore_misaligned=True,
)
)
if len(train_examples) == 0:
raise ValueError(Errors.E988)
random.shuffle(train_examples)
batches = util.minibatch_by_words(
train_examples,
size=cfg["batch_size"],
discard_oversize=cfg["discard_oversize"],
)
# make sure the minibatch_by_words result is not empty, or we'll have an infinite training loop
try:
first = next(batches)
yield first
except StopIteration:
raise ValueError(Errors.E986)
for batch in batches:
yield batch
epochs_todo -= 1
# We intentionally compare exactly to 0 here, so that max_epochs < 1
# will not break.
if epochs_todo == 0:
break
def create_evaluation_callback(nlp, optimizer, corpus, cfg):
def evaluate():
dev_examples = list(
corpus.dev_dataset(
nlp, gold_preproc=cfg["gold_preproc"], ignore_misaligned=True
)
)
n_words = sum(len(ex.doc) for ex in dev_examples)
start_time = timer()
if optimizer.averages:
with nlp.use_params(optimizer.averages):
scorer = nlp.evaluate(dev_examples, batch_size=32)
else:
scorer = nlp.evaluate(dev_examples, batch_size=32)
end_time = timer()
wps = n_words / (end_time - start_time)
scores = scorer.scores
# Calculate a weighted sum based on score_weights for the main score
weights = cfg["score_weights"]
try:
weighted_score = sum(scores[s] * weights.get(s, 0.0) for s in weights)
except KeyError as e:
raise KeyError(
Errors.E983.format(
dict_name="score_weights", key=str(e), keys=list(scores.keys())
)
)
scores["speed"] = wps
return weighted_score, scores
return evaluate
def train_while_improving(
nlp,
optimizer,
train_data,
evaluate,
*,
dropout,
eval_frequency,
accumulate_gradient=1,
patience=0,
max_steps=0,
raw_text=None,
):
"""Train until an evaluation stops improving. Works as a generator,
with each iteration yielding a tuple `(batch, info, is_best_checkpoint)`,
where info is a dict, and is_best_checkpoint is in [True, False, None] --
None indicating that the iteration was not evaluated as a checkpoint.
The evaluation is conducted by calling the evaluate callback, which should
Positional arguments:
nlp: The spaCy pipeline to evaluate.
optimizer: The optimizer callable.
train_data (Iterable[Batch]): A generator of batches, with the training
data. Each batch should be a Sized[Tuple[Input, Annot]]. The training
data iterable needs to take care of iterating over the epochs and
shuffling.
evaluate (Callable[[], Tuple[float, Any]]): A callback to perform evaluation.
The callback should take no arguments and return a tuple
`(main_score, other_scores)`. The main_score should be a float where
higher is better. other_scores can be any object.
Every iteration, the function yields out a tuple with:
* batch: A zipped sequence of Tuple[Doc, GoldParse] pairs.
* info: A dict with various information about the last update (see below).
* is_best_checkpoint: A value in None, False, True, indicating whether this
was the best evaluation so far. You should use this to save the model
checkpoints during training. If None, evaluation was not conducted on
that iteration. False means evaluation was conducted, but a previous
evaluation was better.
The info dict provides the following information:
epoch (int): How many passes over the data have been completed.
step (int): How many steps have been completed.
score (float): The main score form the last evaluation.
other_scores: : The other scores from the last evaluation.
loss: The accumulated losses throughout training.
checkpoints: A list of previous results, where each result is a
(score, step, epoch) tuple.
"""
if isinstance(dropout, float):
dropouts = thinc.schedules.constant(dropout)
else:
dropouts = dropout
results = []
losses = {}
to_enable = [name for name, proc in nlp.pipeline if hasattr(proc, "model")]
if raw_text:
random.shuffle(raw_text)
raw_batches = util.minibatch(
(nlp.make_doc(rt["text"]) for rt in raw_text), size=8
)
for step, batch in enumerate(train_data):
dropout = next(dropouts)
with nlp.select_pipes(enable=to_enable):
for subbatch in subdivide_batch(batch, accumulate_gradient):
nlp.update(subbatch, drop=dropout, losses=losses, sgd=False)
if raw_text:
# If raw text is available, perform 'rehearsal' updates,
# which use unlabelled data to reduce overfitting.
raw_batch = list(next(raw_batches))
nlp.rehearse(raw_batch, sgd=optimizer, losses=losses)
for name, proc in nlp.pipeline:
if hasattr(proc, "model"):
proc.model.finish_update(optimizer)
optimizer.step_schedules()
if not (step % eval_frequency):
score, other_scores = evaluate()
results.append((score, step))
is_best_checkpoint = score == max(results)[0]
else:
score, other_scores = (None, None)
is_best_checkpoint = None
info = {
"step": step,
"score": score,
"other_scores": other_scores,
"losses": losses,
"checkpoints": results,
}
yield batch, info, is_best_checkpoint
if is_best_checkpoint is not None:
losses = {}
# Stop if no improvement in `patience` updates (if specified)
best_score, best_step = max(results)
if patience and (step - best_step) >= patience:
break
# Stop if we've exhausted our max steps (if specified)
if max_steps and (step * accumulate_gradient) >= max_steps:
break
def subdivide_batch(batch, accumulate_gradient):
batch = list(batch)
batch.sort(key=lambda eg: len(eg.doc))
sub_len = len(batch) // accumulate_gradient
start = 0
for i in range(accumulate_gradient):
subbatch = batch[start : start + sub_len]
if subbatch:
yield subbatch
start += len(subbatch)
subbatch = batch[start:]
if subbatch:
yield subbatch
def setup_printer(training, nlp):
score_cols = training["scores"]
score_widths = [max(len(col), 6) for col in score_cols]
loss_cols = [f"Loss {pipe}" for pipe in nlp.pipe_names]
loss_widths = [max(len(col), 8) for col in loss_cols]
table_header = ["#"] + loss_cols + score_cols + ["Score"]
table_header = [col.upper() for col in table_header]
table_widths = [6] + loss_widths + score_widths + [6]
table_aligns = ["r" for _ in table_widths]
msg.row(table_header, widths=table_widths)
msg.row(["-" * width for width in table_widths])
def print_row(info):
try:
losses = [
"{0:.2f}".format(float(info["losses"][pipe_name]))
for pipe_name in nlp.pipe_names
]
except KeyError as e:
raise KeyError(
Errors.E983.format(
dict_name="scores (losses)",
key=str(e),
keys=list(info["losses"].keys()),
)
)
try:
scores = [
"{0:.2f}".format(float(info["other_scores"][col])) for col in score_cols
]
except KeyError as e:
raise KeyError(
Errors.E983.format(
dict_name="scores (other)",
key=str(e),
keys=list(info["other_scores"].keys()),
)
)
data = (
[info["step"]] + losses + scores + ["{0:.2f}".format(float(info["score"]))]
)
msg.row(data, widths=table_widths, aligns=table_aligns)
return print_row
def update_meta(training, nlp, info):
score_cols = training["scores"]
nlp.meta["performance"] = {}
for metric in score_cols:
nlp.meta["performance"][metric] = info["other_scores"][metric]
for pipe_name in nlp.pipe_names:
nlp.meta["performance"][f"{pipe_name}_loss"] = info["losses"][pipe_name]
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