spaCy/spacy/_ml.py

# coding: utf8
from __future__ import unicode_literals

import numpy
from thinc.v2v import Model, Maxout, Softmax, Affine, ReLu
from thinc.i2v import HashEmbed, StaticVectors
from thinc.t2t import ExtractWindow, ParametricAttention
from thinc.t2v import Pooling, sum_pool
from thinc.misc import Residual
from thinc.misc import LayerNorm as LN

from thinc.api import add, layerize, chain, clone, concatenate, with_flatten
from thinc.api import FeatureExtracter, with_getitem, flatten_add_lengths
from thinc.api import uniqued, wrap, noop

from thinc.linear.linear import LinearModel
from thinc.neural.ops import NumpyOps, CupyOps
from thinc.neural.util import get_array_module

from thinc import describe
from thinc.describe import Dimension, Synapses, Biases, Gradient
from thinc.neural._classes.affine import _set_dimensions_if_needed
import thinc.extra.load_nlp

from .attrs import ID, ORTH, LOWER, NORM, PREFIX, SUFFIX, SHAPE
from . import util


VECTORS_KEY = 'spacy_pretrained_vectors'


@layerize
def _flatten_add_lengths(seqs, pad=0, drop=0.):
    ops = Model.ops
    lengths = ops.asarray([len(seq) for seq in seqs], dtype='i')

    def finish_update(d_X, sgd=None):
        return ops.unflatten(d_X, lengths, pad=pad)

    X = ops.flatten(seqs, pad=pad)
    return (X, lengths), finish_update


@layerize
def _logistic(X, drop=0.):
    xp = get_array_module(X)
    if not isinstance(X, xp.ndarray):
        X = xp.asarray(X)
    # Clip to range (-10, 10)
    X = xp.minimum(X, 10., X)
    X = xp.maximum(X, -10., X)
    Y = 1. / (1. + xp.exp(-X))

    def logistic_bwd(dY, sgd=None):
        dX = dY * (Y * (1-Y))
        return dX

    return Y, logistic_bwd


def _zero_init(model):
    def _zero_init_impl(self, X, y):
        self.W.fill(0)
    model.on_data_hooks.append(_zero_init_impl)
    if model.W is not None:
        model.W.fill(0.)
    return model


@layerize
def _preprocess_doc(docs, drop=0.):
    keys = [doc.to_array([LOWER]) for doc in docs]
    ops = Model.ops
    lengths = ops.asarray([arr.shape[0] for arr in keys])
    keys = ops.xp.concatenate(keys)
    vals = ops.allocate(keys.shape[0]) + 1
    return (keys, vals, lengths), None


def _init_for_precomputed(W, ops):
    if (W**2).sum() != 0.:
        return
    reshaped = W.reshape((W.shape[1], W.shape[0] * W.shape[2]))
    ops.xavier_uniform_init(reshaped)
    W[:] = reshaped.reshape(W.shape)


@describe.on_data(_set_dimensions_if_needed)
@describe.attributes(
    nI=Dimension("Input size"),
    nF=Dimension("Number of features"),
    nO=Dimension("Output size"),
    W=Synapses("Weights matrix",
               lambda obj: (obj.nF, obj.nO, obj.nI),
               lambda W, ops: _init_for_precomputed(W, ops)),
    b=Biases("Bias vector",
             lambda obj: (obj.nO,)),
    d_W=Gradient("W"),
    d_b=Gradient("b"))
class PrecomputableAffine(Model):
    def __init__(self, nO=None, nI=None, nF=None, **kwargs):
        Model.__init__(self, **kwargs)
        self.nO = nO
        self.nI = nI
        self.nF = nF

    def begin_update(self, X, drop=0.):
        # X: (b, i)
        # Yf: (b, f, i)
        # dY: (b, o)
        # dYf: (b, f, o)
        # Yf = numpy.einsum('bi,foi->bfo', X, self.W)
        Yf = self.ops.xp.tensordot(
                X, self.W, axes=[[1], [2]])
        Yf += self.b

        def backward(dY_ids, sgd=None):
            tensordot = self.ops.xp.tensordot
            dY, ids = dY_ids
            Xf = X[ids]

            # dXf = numpy.einsum('bo,foi->bfi', dY, self.W)
            dXf = tensordot(dY, self.W, axes=[[1], [1]])
            # dW = numpy.einsum('bo,bfi->ofi', dY, Xf)
            dW = tensordot(dY, Xf, axes=[[0], [0]])
            # ofi -> foi
            self.d_W += dW.transpose((1, 0, 2))
            self.d_b += dY.sum(axis=0)

            if sgd is not None:
                sgd(self._mem.weights, self._mem.gradient, key=self.id)
            return dXf

        return Yf, backward


@describe.on_data(_set_dimensions_if_needed)
@describe.attributes(
    nI=Dimension("Input size"),
    nF=Dimension("Number of features"),
    nP=Dimension("Number of pieces"),
    nO=Dimension("Output size"),
    W=Synapses("Weights matrix",
               lambda obj: (obj.nF, obj.nO, obj.nP, obj.nI),
               lambda W, ops: ops.xavier_uniform_init(W)),
    b=Biases("Bias vector",
             lambda obj: (obj.nO, obj.nP)),
    d_W=Gradient("W"),
    d_b=Gradient("b"))
class PrecomputableMaxouts(Model):
    def __init__(self, nO=None, nI=None, nF=None, nP=3, **kwargs):
        Model.__init__(self, **kwargs)
        self.nO = nO
        self.nP = nP
        self.nI = nI
        self.nF = nF

    def begin_update(self, X, drop=0.):
        # X: (b, i)
        # Yfp: (b, f, o, p)
        # Xf: (f, b, i)
        # dYp: (b, o, p)
        # W: (f, o, p, i)
        # b: (o, p)
        # bi,opfi->bfop
        # bop,fopi->bfi
        # bop,fbi->opfi : fopi
        tensordot = self.ops.xp.tensordot
        Yfp = tensordot(X, self.W, axes=[[1], [3]])
        Yfp += self.b

        def backward(dYp_ids, sgd=None):
            dYp, ids = dYp_ids
            Xf = X[ids]
            dXf = tensordot(dYp, self.W, axes=[[1, 2], [1, 2]])
            dW = tensordot(dYp, Xf, axes=[[0], [0]])
            self.d_W += dW.transpose((2, 0, 1, 3))
            self.d_b += dYp.sum(axis=0)
            if sgd is not None:
                sgd(self._mem.weights, self._mem.gradient, key=self.id)
            return dXf

        return Yfp, backward


def link_vectors_to_models(vocab):
    vectors = vocab.vectors
    ops = Model.ops
    for word in vocab:
        if word.orth in vectors.key2row:
            word.rank = vectors.key2row[word.orth]
        else:
            word.rank = 0
    data = ops.asarray(vectors.data)
    # Set an entry here, so that vectors are accessed by StaticVectors
    # (unideal, I know)
    thinc.extra.load_nlp.VECTORS[(ops.device, VECTORS_KEY)] = data


def Tok2Vec(width, embed_size, **kwargs):
    pretrained_dims = kwargs.get('pretrained_dims', 0)
    cnn_maxout_pieces = kwargs.get('cnn_maxout_pieces', 2)
    cols = [ID, NORM, PREFIX, SUFFIX, SHAPE, ORTH]
    with Model.define_operators({'>>': chain, '|': concatenate, '**': clone,
                                 '+': add, '*': reapply}):
        norm = HashEmbed(width, embed_size, column=cols.index(NORM),
                         name='embed_norm')
        prefix = HashEmbed(width, embed_size//2, column=cols.index(PREFIX),
                           name='embed_prefix')
        suffix = HashEmbed(width, embed_size//2, column=cols.index(SUFFIX),
                           name='embed_suffix')
        shape = HashEmbed(width, embed_size//2, column=cols.index(SHAPE),
                          name='embed_shape')
        if pretrained_dims is not None and pretrained_dims >= 1:
            glove = StaticVectors(VECTORS_KEY, width, column=cols.index(ID))

            embed = uniqued(
                (glove | norm | prefix | suffix | shape)
                >> LN(Maxout(width, width*5, pieces=3)), column=5)
        else:
            embed = uniqued(
                (norm | prefix | suffix | shape)
                >> LN(Maxout(width, width*4, pieces=3)), column=5)

        convolution = Residual(
            ExtractWindow(nW=1)
            >> LN(Maxout(width, width*3, pieces=cnn_maxout_pieces))
        )

        tok2vec = (
            FeatureExtracter(cols)
            >> with_flatten(
                embed >> (convolution ** 4), pad=4)
        )

        # Work around thinc API limitations :(. TODO: Revise in Thinc 7
        tok2vec.nO = width
        tok2vec.embed = embed
    return tok2vec


def reapply(layer, n_times):
    def reapply_fwd(X, drop=0.):
        backprops = []
        for i in range(n_times):
            Y, backprop = layer.begin_update(X, drop=drop)
            X = Y
            backprops.append(backprop)

        def reapply_bwd(dY, sgd=None):
            dX = None
            for backprop in reversed(backprops):
                dY = backprop(dY, sgd=sgd)
                if dX is None:
                    dX = dY
                else:
                    dX += dY
            return dX

        return Y, reapply_bwd
    return wrap(reapply_fwd, layer)


def asarray(ops, dtype):
    def forward(X, drop=0.):
        return ops.asarray(X, dtype=dtype), None
    return layerize(forward)


def rebatch(size, layer):
    ops = layer.ops

    def forward(X, drop=0.):
        if X.shape[0] < size:
            return layer.begin_update(X)
        parts = _divide_array(X, size)
        results, bp_results = zip(*[layer.begin_update(p, drop=drop)
                                    for p in parts])
        y = ops.flatten(results)

        def backward(dy, sgd=None):
            d_parts = [bp(y, sgd=sgd) for bp, y in
                       zip(bp_results, _divide_array(dy, size))]
            try:
                dX = ops.flatten(d_parts)
            except TypeError:
                dX = None
            except ValueError:
                dX = None
            return dX

        return y, backward
    model = layerize(forward)
    model._layers.append(layer)
    return model


def _divide_array(X, size):
    parts = []
    index = 0
    while index < len(X):
        parts.append(X[index:index + size])
        index += size
    return parts


def get_col(idx):
    assert idx >= 0, idx

    def forward(X, drop=0.):
        assert idx >= 0, idx
        if isinstance(X, numpy.ndarray):
            ops = NumpyOps()
        else:
            ops = CupyOps()
        output = ops.xp.ascontiguousarray(X[:, idx], dtype=X.dtype)

        def backward(y, sgd=None):
            assert idx >= 0, idx
            dX = ops.allocate(X.shape)
            dX[:, idx] += y
            return dX

        return output, backward

    return layerize(forward)


def doc2feats(cols=None):
    if cols is None:
        cols = [ID, NORM, PREFIX, SUFFIX, SHAPE, ORTH]

    def forward(docs, drop=0.):
        feats = []
        for doc in docs:
            feats.append(doc.to_array(cols))
        return feats, None

    model = layerize(forward)
    model.cols = cols
    return model


def print_shape(prefix):
    def forward(X, drop=0.):
        return X, lambda dX, **kwargs: dX
    return layerize(forward)


@layerize
def get_token_vectors(tokens_attrs_vectors, drop=0.):
    tokens, attrs, vectors = tokens_attrs_vectors

    def backward(d_output, sgd=None):
        return (tokens, d_output)

    return vectors, backward


@layerize
def logistic(X, drop=0.):
    xp = get_array_module(X)
    if not isinstance(X, xp.ndarray):
        X = xp.asarray(X)
    # Clip to range (-10, 10)
    X = xp.minimum(X, 10., X)
    X = xp.maximum(X, -10., X)
    Y = 1. / (1. + xp.exp(-X))

    def logistic_bwd(dY, sgd=None):
        dX = dY * (Y * (1-Y))
        return dX

    return Y, logistic_bwd


def zero_init(model):
    def _zero_init_impl(self, X, y):
        self.W.fill(0)
    model.on_data_hooks.append(_zero_init_impl)
    return model


@layerize
def preprocess_doc(docs, drop=0.):
    keys = [doc.to_array([LOWER]) for doc in docs]
    ops = Model.ops
    lengths = ops.asarray([arr.shape[0] for arr in keys])
    keys = ops.xp.concatenate(keys)
    vals = ops.allocate(keys.shape[0]) + 1
    return (keys, vals, lengths), None


def getitem(i):
    def getitem_fwd(X, drop=0.):
        return X[i], None
    return layerize(getitem_fwd)


def build_tagger_model(nr_class, **cfg):
    embed_size = util.env_opt('embed_size', 7000)
    if 'token_vector_width' in cfg:
        token_vector_width = cfg['token_vector_width']
    else:
        token_vector_width = util.env_opt('token_vector_width', 128)
    pretrained_dims = cfg.get('pretrained_dims', 0)
    with Model.define_operators({'>>': chain, '+': add}):
        if 'tok2vec' in cfg:
            tok2vec = cfg['tok2vec']
        else:
            tok2vec = Tok2Vec(token_vector_width, embed_size,
                              pretrained_dims=pretrained_dims)
        model = (
            tok2vec
            >> with_flatten(Softmax(nr_class, token_vector_width))
        )
    model.nI = None
    model.tok2vec = tok2vec
    return model


@layerize
def SpacyVectors(docs, drop=0.):
    batch = []
    for doc in docs:
        indices = numpy.zeros((len(doc),), dtype='i')
        for i, word in enumerate(doc):
            if word.orth in doc.vocab.vectors.key2row:
                indices[i] = doc.vocab.vectors.key2row[word.orth]
            else:
                indices[i] = 0
        vectors = doc.vocab.vectors.data[indices]
        batch.append(vectors)
    return batch, None


def build_text_classifier(nr_class, width=64, **cfg):
    nr_vector = cfg.get('nr_vector', 5000)
    pretrained_dims = cfg.get('pretrained_dims', 0)
    with Model.define_operators({'>>': chain, '+': add, '|': concatenate,
                                 '**': clone}):
        if cfg.get('low_data'):
            model = (
                SpacyVectors
                >> flatten_add_lengths
                >> with_getitem(0, Affine(width, pretrained_dims))
                >> ParametricAttention(width)
                >> Pooling(sum_pool)
                >> Residual(ReLu(width, width)) ** 2
                >> zero_init(Affine(nr_class, width, drop_factor=0.0))
                >> logistic
            )
            return model

        lower = HashEmbed(width, nr_vector, column=1)
        prefix = HashEmbed(width//2, nr_vector, column=2)
        suffix = HashEmbed(width//2, nr_vector, column=3)
        shape = HashEmbed(width//2, nr_vector, column=4)

        trained_vectors = (
            FeatureExtracter([ORTH, LOWER, PREFIX, SUFFIX, SHAPE, ID])
            >> with_flatten(
                uniqued(
                    (lower | prefix | suffix | shape)
                    >> LN(Maxout(width, width+(width//2)*3)),
                    column=0
                )
            )
        )

        if pretrained_dims:
            static_vectors = (
                SpacyVectors
                >> with_flatten(Affine(width, pretrained_dims))
            )
            # TODO Make concatenate support lists
            vectors = concatenate_lists(trained_vectors, static_vectors)
            vectors_width = width*2
        else:
            vectors = trained_vectors
            vectors_width = width
            static_vectors = None
        cnn_model = (
            vectors
            >> with_flatten(
                LN(Maxout(width, vectors_width))
                >> Residual(
                    (ExtractWindow(nW=1) >> LN(Maxout(width, width*3)))
                ) ** 2, pad=2
            )
            >> flatten_add_lengths
            >> ParametricAttention(width)
            >> Pooling(sum_pool)
            >> Residual(zero_init(Maxout(width, width)))
            >> zero_init(Affine(nr_class, width, drop_factor=0.0))
        )

        linear_model = (
            _preprocess_doc
            >> LinearModel(nr_class, drop_factor=0.)
        )

        model = (
            (linear_model | cnn_model)
            >> zero_init(Affine(nr_class, nr_class*2, drop_factor=0.0))
            >> logistic
        )
    model.nO = nr_class
    model.lsuv = False
    return model


@layerize
def flatten(seqs, drop=0.):
    ops = Model.ops
    lengths = ops.asarray([len(seq) for seq in seqs], dtype='i')

    def finish_update(d_X, sgd=None):
        return ops.unflatten(d_X, lengths, pad=0)

    X = ops.flatten(seqs, pad=0)
    return X, finish_update


def concatenate_lists(*layers, **kwargs):  # pragma: no cover
    """Compose two or more models `f`, `g`, etc, such that their outputs are
    concatenated, i.e. `concatenate(f, g)(x)` computes `hstack(f(x), g(x))`
    """
    if not layers:
        return noop()
    drop_factor = kwargs.get('drop_factor', 1.0)
    ops = layers[0].ops
    layers = [chain(layer, flatten) for layer in layers]
    concat = concatenate(*layers)

    def concatenate_lists_fwd(Xs, drop=0.):
        drop *= drop_factor
        lengths = ops.asarray([len(X) for X in Xs], dtype='i')
        flat_y, bp_flat_y = concat.begin_update(Xs, drop=drop)
        ys = ops.unflatten(flat_y, lengths)

        def concatenate_lists_bwd(d_ys, sgd=None):
            return bp_flat_y(ops.flatten(d_ys), sgd=sgd)

        return ys, concatenate_lists_bwd

    model = wrap(concatenate_lists_fwd, concat)
    return model