* Improve NER per type scoring
* include all gold labels in per type scoring, not only when recall > 0
* improve efficiency of per type scoring
* Create Scorer tests, initially with NER tests
* move regression test #3968 (per type NER scoring) to Scorer tests
* add new test for per type NER scoring with imperfect P/R/F and per
type P/R/F including a case where R == 0.0
* Evaluation of NER model per entity type, closes ##3490
Now each ent score is tracked individually in order to have its own Precision, Recall and F1 Score
* Keep track of each entity individually using dicts
* Improving how to compute the scores for each entity
* Fixed bug computing scores for ents
* Formatting with black
* Added key ents_per_type to the scores function
The key `ents_per_type` contains the metrics Precision, Recall and F1-Score for each entity individually
<!--- Provide a general summary of your changes in the title. -->
## Description
- [x] Use [`black`](https://github.com/ambv/black) to auto-format all `.py` files.
- [x] Update flake8 config to exclude very large files (lemmatization tables etc.)
- [x] Update code to be compatible with flake8 rules
- [x] Fix various small bugs, inconsistencies and messy stuff in the language data
- [x] Update docs to explain new code style (`black`, `flake8`, when to use `# fmt: off` and `# fmt: on` and what `# noqa` means)
Once #2932 is merged, which auto-formats and tidies up the CLI, we'll be able to run `flake8 spacy` actually get meaningful results.
At the moment, the code style and linting isn't applied automatically, but I'm hoping that the new [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/features/actions) will let us auto-format pull requests and post comments with relevant linting information.
### Types of change
enhancement, code style
## Checklist
<!--- Before you submit the PR, go over this checklist and make sure you can
tick off all the boxes. [] -> [x] -->
- [x] I have submitted the spaCy Contributor Agreement.
- [x] I ran the tests, and all new and existing tests passed.
- [x] My changes don't require a change to the documentation, or if they do, I've added all required information.
* Add spacy.errors module
* Update deprecation and user warnings
* Replace errors and asserts with new error message system
* Remove redundant asserts
* Fix whitespace
* Add messages for print/util.prints statements
* Fix typo
* Fix typos
* Move CLI messages to spacy.cli._messages
* Add decorator to display error code with message
An implementation like this is nice because it only modifies the string when it's retrieved from the containing class – so we don't have to worry about manipulating tracebacks etc.
* Remove unused link in spacy.about
* Update errors for invalid pipeline components
* Improve error for unknown factories
* Add displaCy warnings
* Update formatting consistency
* Move error message to spacy.errors
* Update errors and check if doc returned by component is None
adrianeboyd