spaCy/website/api/token.jade

//- 💫 DOCS > API > TOKEN

include ../_includes/_mixins

p An individual token — i.e. a word, punctuation symbol, whitespace, etc.

+h(2, "init") Token.__init__
    +tag method

p Construct a #[code Token] object.

+aside-code("Example").
    doc = nlp(u'Give it back! He pleaded.')
    token = doc[0]
    assert token.text == u'Give'

+table(["Name", "Type", "Description"])
    +row
        +cell #[code vocab]
        +cell #[code Vocab]
        +cell A storage container for lexical types.

    +row
        +cell #[code doc]
        +cell #[code Doc]
        +cell The parent document.

    +row
        +cell #[code offset]
        +cell int
        +cell The index of the token within the document.

    +row("foot")
        +cell returns
        +cell #[code Token]
        +cell The newly constructed object.

+h(2, "len") Token.__len__
    +tag method

p The number of unicode characters in the token, i.e. #[code token.text].

+aside-code("Example").
    doc = nlp(u'Give it back! He pleaded.')
    token = doc[0]
    assert len(token) == 4

+table(["Name", "Type", "Description"])
    +row("foot")
        +cell returns
        +cell int
        +cell The number of unicode characters in the token.

+h(2, "set_extension") Token.set_extension
    +tag classmethod
    +tag-new(2)

p
    |  Define a custom attribute on the #[code Token] which becomes available
    |  via #[code Token._]. For details, see the documentation on
    |  #[+a("/usage/processing-pipelines#custom-components-attributes") custom attributes].

+aside-code("Example").
    from spacy.tokens import Token
    fruit_getter = lambda token: token.text in ('apple', 'pear', 'banana')
    Token.set_extension('is_fruit', getter=fruit_getter)
    doc = nlp(u'I have an apple')
    assert doc[3]._.is_fruit

+table(["Name", "Type", "Description"])
    +row
        +cell #[code name]
        +cell unicode
        +cell
            |  Name of the attribute to set by the extension. For example,
            |  #[code 'my_attr'] will be available as #[code token._.my_attr].

    +row
        +cell #[code default]
        +cell -
        +cell
            |  Optional default value of the attribute if no getter or method
            |  is defined.

    +row
        +cell #[code method]
        +cell callable
        +cell
            |  Set a custom method on the object, for example
            |  #[code token._.compare(other_token)].

    +row
        +cell #[code getter]
        +cell callable
        +cell
            |  Getter function that takes the object and returns an attribute
            |  value. Is called when the user accesses the #[code ._] attribute.

    +row
        +cell #[code setter]
        +cell callable
        +cell
            |  Setter function that takes the #[code Token] and a value, and
            |  modifies the object. Is called when the user writes to the
            |  #[code Token._] attribute.

+h(2, "get_extension") Token.get_extension
    +tag classmethod
    +tag-new(2)

p
    |  Look up a previously registered extension by name. Returns a 4-tuple
    |  #[code.u-break (default, method, getter, setter)] if the extension is
    |  registered. Raises a #[code KeyError] otherwise.

+aside-code("Example").
    from spacy.tokens import Token
    Token.set_extension('is_fruit', default=False)
    extension = Token.get_extension('is_fruit')
    assert extension == (False, None, None, None)

+table(["Name", "Type", "Description"])
    +row
        +cell #[code name]
        +cell unicode
        +cell Name of the extension.

    +row("foot")
        +cell returns
        +cell tuple
        +cell
            |  A #[code.u-break (default, method, getter, setter)] tuple of the
            |  extension.

+h(2, "has_extension") Token.has_extension
    +tag classmethod
    +tag-new(2)

p Check whether an extension has been registered on the #[code Token] class.

+aside-code("Example").
    from spacy.tokens import Token
    Token.set_extension('is_fruit', default=False)
    assert Token.has_extension('is_fruit')

+table(["Name", "Type", "Description"])
    +row
        +cell #[code name]
        +cell unicode
        +cell Name of the extension to check.

    +row("foot")
        +cell returns
        +cell bool
        +cell Whether the extension has been registered.

+h(2, "check_flag") Token.check_flag
    +tag method

p Check the value of a boolean flag.

+aside-code("Example").
    from spacy.attrs import IS_TITLE
    doc = nlp(u'Give it back! He pleaded.')
    token = doc[0]
    assert token.check_flag(IS_TITLE) == True

+table(["Name", "Type", "Description"])
    +row
        +cell #[code flag_id]
        +cell int
        +cell The attribute ID of the flag to check.

    +row("foot")
        +cell returns
        +cell bool
        +cell Whether the flag is set.

+h(2, "similarity") Token.similarity
    +tag method
    +tag-model("vectors")

p Compute a semantic similarity estimate. Defaults to cosine over vectors.

+aside-code("Example").
    apples, _, oranges = nlp(u'apples and oranges')
    apples_oranges = apples.similarity(oranges)
    oranges_apples = oranges.similarity(apples)
    assert apples_oranges == oranges_apples

+table(["Name", "Type", "Description"])
    +row
        +cell other
        +cell -
        +cell
            |  The object to compare with. By default, accepts #[code Doc],
            |  #[code Span], #[code Token] and #[code Lexeme] objects.

    +row("foot")
        +cell returns
        +cell float
        +cell A scalar similarity score. Higher is more similar.

+h(2, "nbor") Token.nbor
    +tag method

p Get a neighboring token.

+aside-code("Example").
    doc = nlp(u'Give it back! He pleaded.')
    give_nbor = doc[0].nbor()
    assert give_nbor.text == u'it'

+table(["Name", "Type", "Description"])
    +row
        +cell #[code i]
        +cell int
        +cell The relative position of the token to get. Defaults to #[code 1].

    +row("foot")
        +cell returns
        +cell #[code Token]
        +cell The token at position #[code self.doc[self.i+i]].

+h(2, "is_ancestor") Token.is_ancestor
    +tag method
    +tag-model("parse")

p
    |  Check whether this token is a parent, grandparent, etc. of another
    |  in the dependency tree.

+aside-code("Example").
    doc = nlp(u'Give it back! He pleaded.')
    give = doc[0]
    it = doc[1]
    assert give.is_ancestor(it)

+table(["Name", "Type", "Description"])
    +row
        +cell descendant
        +cell #[code Token]
        +cell Another token.

    +row("foot")
        +cell returns
        +cell bool
        +cell Whether this token is the ancestor of the descendant.

+h(2, "ancestors") Token.ancestors
    +tag property
    +tag-model("parse")

p The rightmost token of this token's syntactic descendants.

+aside-code("Example").
    doc = nlp(u'Give it back! He pleaded.')
    it_ancestors = doc[1].ancestors
    assert [t.text for t in it_ancestors] == [u'Give']
    he_ancestors = doc[4].ancestors
    assert [t.text for t in he_ancestors] == [u'pleaded']

+table(["Name", "Type", "Description"])
    +row("foot")
        +cell yields
        +cell #[code Token]
        +cell
            |  A sequence of ancestor tokens such that
            |  #[code ancestor.is_ancestor(self)].

+h(2, "conjuncts") Token.conjuncts
    +tag property
    +tag-model("parse")

p A sequence of coordinated tokens, including the token itself.

+aside-code("Example").
    doc = nlp(u'I like apples and oranges')
    apples_conjuncts = doc[2].conjuncts
    assert [t.text for t in apples_conjuncts] == [u'oranges']

+table(["Name", "Type", "Description"])
    +row("foot")
        +cell yields
        +cell #[code Token]
        +cell A coordinated token.

+h(2, "children") Token.children
    +tag property
    +tag-model("parse")

p A sequence of the token's immediate syntactic children.

+aside-code("Example").
    doc = nlp(u'Give it back! He pleaded.')
    give_children = doc[0].children
    assert [t.text for t in give_children] == [u'it', u'back', u'!']

+table(["Name", "Type", "Description"])
    +row("foot")
        +cell yields
        +cell #[code Token]
        +cell A child token such that #[code child.head==self].

+h(2, "lefts") Token.lefts
    +tag property
    +tag-model("parse")

p
    |  The leftward immediate children of the word, in the syntactic dependency
    |  parse.

+aside-code("Example").
    doc = nlp(u'I like New York in Autumn.')
    lefts = [t.text for t in doc[3].lefts]
    assert lefts == [u'New']

+table(["Name", "Type", "Description"])
    +row("foot")
        +cell yields
        +cell #[code Token]
        +cell A left-child of the token.

+h(2, "rights") Token.rights
    +tag property
    +tag-model("parse")

p
    |  The rightward immediate children of the word, in the syntactic
    |  dependency parse.

+aside-code("Example").
    doc = nlp(u'I like New York in Autumn.')
    rights = [t.text for t in doc[3].rights]
    assert rights == [u'in']

+table(["Name", "Type", "Description"])
    +row("foot")
        +cell yields
        +cell #[code Token]
        +cell A right-child of the token.

+h(2, "n_lefts") Token.n_lefts
    +tag property
    +tag-model("parse")

p
    |  The number of leftward immediate children of the word, in the syntactic
    |  dependency parse.

+aside-code("Example").
    doc = nlp(u'I like New York in Autumn.')
    assert doc[3].n_lefts == 1

+table(["Name", "Type", "Description"])
    +row("foot")
        +cell returns
        +cell int
        +cell The number of left-child tokens.

+h(2, "n_rights") Token.n_rights
    +tag property
    +tag-model("parse")

p
    |  The number of rightward immediate children of the word, in the syntactic
    |  dependency parse.

+aside-code("Example").
    doc = nlp(u'I like New York in Autumn.')
    assert doc[3].n_rights == 1

+table(["Name", "Type", "Description"])
    +row("foot")
        +cell returns
        +cell int
        +cell The number of right-child tokens.

+h(2, "subtree") Token.subtree
    +tag property
    +tag-model("parse")

p A sequence of all the token's syntactic descendents.

+aside-code("Example").
    doc = nlp(u'Give it back! He pleaded.')
    give_subtree = doc[0].subtree
    assert [t.text for t in give_subtree] == [u'Give', u'it', u'back', u'!']

+table(["Name", "Type", "Description"])
    +row("foot")
        +cell yields
        +cell #[code Token]
        +cell A descendant token such that #[code self.is_ancestor(descendant)].

+h(2, "is_sent_start") Token.is_sent_start
    +tag property
    +tag-new(2)

p
    |  A boolean value indicating whether the token starts a sentence.
    |  #[code None] if unknown.

+aside-code("Example").
    doc = nlp(u'Give it back! He pleaded.')
    assert doc[4].is_sent_start
    assert not doc[5].is_sent_start

+table(["Name", "Type", "Description"])
    +row("foot")
        +cell returns
        +cell bool
        +cell Whether the token starts a sentence.

+infobox("Deprecation note", "⚠️")
    |  As of spaCy v2.0, the #[code Token.sent_start] property is deprecated and
    |  has been replaced with #[code Token.is_sent_start], which returns a
    |  boolean value instead of a misleading #[code 0] for #[code False] and
    |  #[code 1] for #[code True]. It also now returns #[code None] if the
    |  answer is unknown, and fixes a quirk in the old logic that would always
    |  set the property to #[code 0] for the first word of the document.

    +code-wrapper
        +code-new assert doc[4].is_sent_start == True
        +code-old assert doc[4].sent_start == 1

+h(2, "has_vector") Token.has_vector
    +tag property
    +tag-model("vectors")

p
    |  A boolean value indicating whether a word vector is associated with the
    |  token.

+aside-code("Example").
    doc = nlp(u'I like apples')
    apples = doc[2]
    assert apples.has_vector

+table(["Name", "Type", "Description"])
    +row("foot")
        +cell returns
        +cell bool
        +cell Whether the token has a vector data attached.

+h(2, "vector") Token.vector
    +tag property
    +tag-model("vectors")

p A real-valued meaning representation.

+aside-code("Example").
    doc = nlp(u'I like apples')
    apples = doc[2]
    assert apples.vector.dtype == 'float32'
    assert apples.vector.shape == (300,)

+table(["Name", "Type", "Description"])
    +row("foot")
        +cell returns
        +cell #[code.u-break numpy.ndarray[ndim=1, dtype='float32']]
        +cell A 1D numpy array representing the token's semantics.

+h(2, "vector_norm") Span.vector_norm
    +tag property
    +tag-model("vectors")

p The L2 norm of the token's vector representation.

+aside-code("Example").
    doc = nlp(u'I like apples and pasta')
    apples = doc[2]
    pasta = doc[4]
    apples.vector_norm # 6.89589786529541
    pasta.vector_norm # 7.759851932525635
    assert apples.vector_norm != pasta.vector_norm

+table(["Name", "Type", "Description"])
    +row("foot")
        +cell returns
        +cell float
        +cell The L2 norm of the vector representation.

+h(2, "attributes") Attributes

+table(["Name", "Type", "Description"])
    +row
        +cell #[code text]
        +cell unicode
        +cell Verbatim text content.

    +row
        +cell #[code text_with_ws]
        +cell unicode
        +cell Text content, with trailing space character if present.

    +row
        +cell #[code whitespace_]
        +cell unicode
        +cell Trailing space character if present.

    +row
        +cell #[code orth]
        +cell int
        +cell ID of the verbatim text content.

    +row
        +cell #[code orth_]
        +cell unicode
        +cell
            |  Verbatim text content (identical to #[code Token.text]). Existst
            |  mostly for consistency with the other attributes.

    +row
        +cell #[code vocab]
        +cell #[code Vocab]
        +cell The vocab object of the parent #[code Doc].

    +row
        +cell #[code doc]
        +cell #[code Doc]
        +cell The parent document.

    +row
        +cell #[code head]
        +cell #[code Token]
        +cell The syntactic parent, or "governor", of this token.

    +row
        +cell #[code left_edge]
        +cell #[code Token]
        +cell The leftmost token of this token's syntactic descendants.

    +row
        +cell #[code right_edge]
        +cell #[code Token]
        +cell The rightmost token of this token's syntactic descendents.

    +row
        +cell #[code i]
        +cell int
        +cell The index of the token within the parent document.

    +row
        +cell #[code ent_type]
        +cell int
        +cell Named entity type.

    +row
        +cell #[code ent_type_]
        +cell unicode
        +cell Named entity type.

    +row
        +cell #[code ent_iob]
        +cell int
        +cell
            |  IOB code of named entity tag. #[code "B"]
            |  means the token begins an entity, #[code "I"] means it is inside
            |  an entity, #[code "O"] means it is outside an entity, and
            |  #[code ""] means no entity tag is set.

    +row
        +cell #[code ent_iob_]
        +cell unicode
        +cell
            |  IOB code of named entity tag. #[code "B"]
            |  means the token begins an entity, #[code "I"] means it is inside
            |  an entity, #[code "O"] means it is outside an entity, and
            |  #[code ""] means no entity tag is set.

    +row
        +cell #[code ent_id]
        +cell int
        +cell
            |  ID of the entity the token is an instance of, if any. Usually
            |  assigned by patterns in the Matcher.

    +row
        +cell #[code ent_id_]
        +cell unicode
        +cell
            |  ID of the entity the token is an instance of, if any. Usually
            |  assigned by patterns in the Matcher.

    +row
        +cell #[code lemma]
        +cell int
        +cell
            |  Base form of the token, with no inflectional suffixes.

    +row
        +cell #[code lemma_]
        +cell unicode
        +cell Base form of the token, with no inflectional suffixes.

    +row
        +cell #[code norm]
        +cell int
        +cell
            |  The token's norm, i.e. a normalised form of the token text.
            |  Usually set in the language's
            |  #[+a("/usage/adding-languages#tokenizer-exceptions") tokenizer exceptions] or
            |  #[+a("/usage/adding-languages#norm-exceptions") norm exceptions].

    +row
        +cell #[code norm_]
        +cell unicode
        +cell
            |  The token's norm, i.e. a normalised form of the token text.
            |  Usually set in the language's
            |  #[+a("/usage/adding-languages#tokenizer-exceptions") tokenizer exceptions] or
            |  #[+a("/usage/adding-languages#norm-exceptions") norm exceptions].

    +row
        +cell #[code lower]
        +cell int
        +cell Lowercase form of the token.

    +row
        +cell #[code lower_]
        +cell unicode
        +cell
            |  Lowercase form of the token text. Equivalent to
            |  #[code Token.text.lower()].

    +row
        +cell #[code shape]
        +cell int
        +cell
            |  Transform of the tokens's string, to show orthographic features.
            |  For example, "Xxxx" or "dd".

    +row
        +cell #[code shape_]
        +cell unicode
        +cell
            |  Transform of the tokens's string, to show orthographic features.
            |  For example, "Xxxx" or "dd".

    +row
        +cell #[code prefix]
        +cell int
        +cell
            |  Hash value of a length-N substring from the start of the
            |  token. Defaults to #[code N=1].

    +row
        +cell #[code prefix_]
        +cell unicode
        +cell
            |  A length-N substring from the start of the token. Defaults to
            |  #[code N=1].

    +row
        +cell #[code suffix]
        +cell int
        +cell
            |  Hash value of a length-N substring from the end of the token.
            |  Defaults to #[code N=3].

    +row
        +cell #[code suffix_]
        +cell unicode
        +cell
            |  Length-N substring from the end of the token. Defaults to
            |  #[code N=3].

    +row
        +cell #[code is_alpha]
        +cell bool
        +cell
            |  Does the token consist of alphabetic characters? Equivalent to
            |  #[code token.text.isalpha()].

    +row
        +cell #[code is_ascii]
        +cell bool
        +cell
            |  Does the token consist of ASCII characters? Equivalent to
            |  #[code [any(ord(c) >= 128 for c in token.text)]].

    +row
        +cell #[code is_digit]
        +cell bool
        +cell
            |  Does the token consist of digits? Equivalent to
            |  #[code token.text.isdigit()].

    +row
        +cell #[code is_lower]
        +cell bool
        +cell
            |  Is the token in lowercase? Equivalent to
            |  #[code token.text.islower()].

    +row
        +cell #[code is_upper]
        +cell bool
        +cell
            |  Is the token in uppercase? Equivalent to
            |  #[code token.text.isupper()].

    +row
        +cell #[code is_title]
        +cell bool
        +cell
            |  Is the token in titlecase? Equivalent to
            |  #[code token.text.istitle()].

    +row
        +cell #[code is_punct]
        +cell bool
        +cell Is the token punctuation?

    +row
        +cell #[code is_left_punct]
        +cell bool
        +cell Is the token a left punctuation mark, e.g. #[code (]?

    +row
        +cell #[code is_right_punct]
        +cell bool
        +cell Is the token a right punctuation mark, e.g. #[code )]?

    +row
        +cell #[code is_space]
        +cell bool
        +cell
            |  Does the token consist of whitespace characters? Equivalent to
            |  #[code token.text.isspace()].

    +row
        +cell #[code is_bracket]
        +cell bool
        +cell Is the token a bracket?

    +row
        +cell #[code is_quote]
        +cell bool
        +cell Is the token a quotation mark?

    +row
        +cell #[code like_url]
        +cell bool
        +cell Does the token resemble a URL?

    +row
        +cell #[code like_num]
        +cell bool
        +cell Does the token represent a number? e.g. "10.9", "10", "ten", etc.

    +row
        +cell #[code like_email]
        +cell bool
        +cell Does the token resemble an email address?

    +row
        +cell #[code is_oov]
        +cell bool
        +cell Is the token out-of-vocabulary?

    +row
        +cell #[code is_stop]
        +cell bool
        +cell Is the token part of a "stop list"?

    +row
        +cell #[code pos]
        +cell int
        +cell Coarse-grained part-of-speech.

    +row
        +cell #[code pos_]
        +cell unicode
        +cell Coarse-grained part-of-speech.

    +row
        +cell #[code tag]
        +cell int
        +cell Fine-grained part-of-speech.

    +row
        +cell #[code tag_]
        +cell unicode
        +cell Fine-grained part-of-speech.

    +row
        +cell #[code dep]
        +cell int
        +cell Syntactic dependency relation.

    +row
        +cell #[code dep_]
        +cell unicode
        +cell Syntactic dependency relation.

    +row
        +cell #[code lang]
        +cell int
        +cell Language of the parent document's vocabulary.

    +row
        +cell #[code lang_]
        +cell unicode
        +cell Language of the parent document's vocabulary.

    +row
        +cell #[code prob]
        +cell float
        +cell Smoothed log probability estimate of token's type.

    +row
        +cell #[code idx]
        +cell int
        +cell The character offset of the token within the parent document.

    +row
        +cell #[code sentiment]
        +cell float
        +cell
            |  A scalar value indicating the positivity or negativity of the
            |  token.

    +row
        +cell #[code lex_id]
        +cell int
        +cell Sequential ID of the token's lexical type.

    +row
        +cell #[code rank]
        +cell int
        +cell
            |  Sequential ID of the token's lexical type, used to index into
            |  tables, e.g. for word vectors.

    +row
        +cell #[code cluster]
        +cell int
        +cell Brown cluster ID.

    +row
        +cell #[code _]
        +cell #[code Underscore]
        +cell
            |  User space for adding custom
            |  #[+a("/usage/processing-pipelines#custom-components-attributes") attribute extensions].