spaCy/website/docs/api/cli.md

---
title: Command Line Interface
teaser: Download, train and package models, and debug spaCy
source: spacy/cli
menu:
  - ['Download', 'download']
  - ['Info', 'info']
  - ['Validate', 'validate']
  - ['Convert', 'convert']
  - ['Debug data', 'debug-data']
  - ['Train', 'train']
  - ['Pretrain', 'pretrain']
  - ['Init Model', 'init-model']
  - ['Evaluate', 'evaluate']
  - ['Package', 'package']
  - ['Project', 'project']
---

For a list of available commands, type `spacy --help`.

<!-- TODO: add notes on autocompletion etc. -->

## Download {#download}

Download [models](/usage/models) for spaCy. The downloader finds the
best-matching compatible version and uses `pip install` to download the model as
a package. Direct downloads don't perform any compatibility checks and require
the model name to be specified with its version (e.g. `en_core_web_sm-2.2.0`).

> #### Downloading best practices
>
> The `download` command is mostly intended as a convenient, interactive wrapper
> – it performs compatibility checks and prints detailed messages in case things
> go wrong. It's **not recommended** to use this command as part of an automated
> process. If you know which model your project needs, you should consider a
> [direct download via pip](/usage/models#download-pip), or uploading the model
> to a local PyPi installation and fetching it straight from there. This will
> also allow you to add it as a versioned package dependency to your project.

```bash
$ python -m spacy download [model] [--direct] [pip args]
```

| Argument                              | Type       | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
| ------------------------------------- | ---------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `model`                               | positional | Model name, e.g. `en_core_web_sm`..                                                                                                                                                                            |
| `--direct`, `-d`                      | flag       | Force direct download of exact model version.                                                                                                                                                                  |
| pip args <Tag variant="new">2.1</Tag> | -          | Additional installation options to be passed to `pip install` when installing the model package. For example, `--user` to install to the user home directory or `--no-deps` to not install model dependencies. |
| `--help`, `-h`                        | flag       | Show help message and available arguments.                                                                                                                                                                     |
| **CREATES**                           | directory  | The installed model package in your `site-packages` directory.                                                                                                                                                 |

## Info {#info}

Print information about your spaCy installation, models and local setup, and
generate [Markdown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markdown)-formatted markup to
copy-paste into [GitHub issues](https://github.com/explosion/spaCy/issues).

```bash
$ python -m spacy info [--markdown] [--silent]
```

```bash
$ python -m spacy info [model] [--markdown] [--silent]
```

| Argument                                         | Type       | Description                                    |
| ------------------------------------------------ | ---------- | ---------------------------------------------- |
| `model`                                          | positional | A model, i.e. package name or path (optional). |
| `--markdown`, `-md`                              | flag       | Print information as Markdown.                 |
| `--silent`, `-s` <Tag variant="new">2.0.12</Tag> | flag       | Don't print anything, just return the values.  |
| `--help`, `-h`                                   | flag       | Show help message and available arguments.     |
| **PRINTS**                                       | `stdout`   | Information about your spaCy installation.     |

## Validate {#validate new="2"}

Find all models installed in the current environment and check whether they are
compatible with the currently installed version of spaCy. Should be run after
upgrading spaCy via `pip install -U spacy` to ensure that all installed models
are can be used with the new version. It will show a list of models and their
installed versions. If any model is out of date, the latest compatible versions
and command for updating are shown.

> #### Automated validation
>
> You can also use the `validate` command as part of your build process or test
> suite, to ensure all models are up to date before proceeding. If incompatible
> models are found, it will return `1`.

```bash
$ python -m spacy validate
```

| Argument   | Type     | Description                                               |
| ---------- | -------- | --------------------------------------------------------- |
| **PRINTS** | `stdout` | Details about the compatibility of your installed models. |

## Convert {#convert}

Convert files into spaCy's
[binary training data format](/api/data-formats#binary-training), a serialized
[`DocBin`](/api/docbin), for use with the `train` command and other experiment
management functions. The converter can be specified on the command line, or
chosen based on the file extension of the input file.

```bash
$ python -m spacy convert [input_file] [output_dir] [--converter]
[--file-type] [--n-sents] [--seg-sents] [--model] [--morphology]
[--merge-subtokens] [--ner-map] [--lang]
```

| Argument                                         | Type       | Description                                                                                                              |
| ------------------------------------------------ | ---------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| `input_file`                                     | positional | Input file.                                                                                                              |
| `output_dir`                                     | positional | Output directory for converted file. Defaults to `"-"`, meaning data will be written to `stdout`.                        |
| `--converter`, `-c` <Tag variant="new">2</Tag>   | option     | Name of converter to use (see below).                                                                                    |
| `--file-type`, `-t` <Tag variant="new">2.1</Tag> | option     | Type of file to create. Either `spacy` (default) for binary [`DocBin`](/api/docbin) data or `json` for v2.x JSON format. |
| `--n-sents`, `-n`                                | option     | Number of sentences per document.                                                                                        |
| `--seg-sents`, `-s` <Tag variant="new">2.2</Tag> | flag       | Segment sentences (for `-c ner`)                                                                                         |
| `--model`, `-b` <Tag variant="new">2.2</Tag>     | option     | Model for parser-based sentence segmentation (for `-s`)                                                                  |
| `--morphology`, `-m`                             | option     | Enable appending morphology to tags.                                                                                     |
| `--ner-map`, `-nm`                               | option     | NER tag mapping (as JSON-encoded dict of entity types).                                                                  |
| `--lang`, `-l` <Tag variant="new">2.1</Tag>      | option     | Language code (if tokenizer required).                                                                                   |
| `--help`, `-h`                                   | flag       | Show help message and available arguments.                                                                               |
| **CREATES**                                      | binary     | Binary [`DocBin`](/api/docbin) training data that can be used with [`spacy train`](/api/cli#train).                      |

### Converters

| ID      | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
| ------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `auto`  | Automatically pick converter based on file extension and file content (default).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
| `json`  | JSON-formatted training data used in spaCy v2.x and produced by [`docs2json`](/api/top-level#docs_to_json).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
| `conll` | Universal Dependencies `.conllu` or `.conll` format.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
| `ner`   | NER with IOB/IOB2 tags, one token per line with columns separated by whitespace. The first column is the token and the final column is the IOB tag. Sentences are separated by blank lines and documents are separated by the line `-DOCSTART- -X- O O`. Supports CoNLL 2003 NER format. See [sample data](https://github.com/explosion/spaCy/tree/master/examples/training/ner_example_data). |
| `iob`   | NER with IOB/IOB2 tags, one sentence per line with tokens separated by whitespace and annotation separated by `|`, either `word|B-ENT` or `word|POS|B-ENT`. See [sample data](https://github.com/explosion/spaCy/tree/master/examples/training/ner_example_data).                                                                                                                              |

## Debug data {#debug-data new="2.2"}

Analyze, debug, and validate your training and development data. Get useful
stats, and find problems like invalid entity annotations, cyclic dependencies,
low data labels and more.

```bash
$ python -m spacy debug-data [lang] [train_path] [dev_path] [--base-model]
[--pipeline] [--tag-map-path] [--ignore-warnings] [--verbose] [--no-format]
```

| Argument                                               | Type       | Description                                                                                                               |
| ------------------------------------------------------ | ---------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `lang`                                                 | positional | Model language.                                                                                                           |
| `train_path`                                           | positional | Location of [binary training data](/usage/training#data-format). Can be a file or a directory of files.                   |
| `dev_path`                                             | positional | Location of [binary development data](/usage/training#data-format) for evaluation. Can be a file or a directory of files. |
| `--tag-map-path`, `-tm` <Tag variant="new">2.2.4</Tag> | option     | Location of JSON-formatted tag map.                                                                                       |
| `--base-model`, `-b`                                   | option     | Optional name of base model to update. Can be any loadable spaCy model.                                                   |
| `--pipeline`, `-p`                                     | option     | Comma-separated names of pipeline components to train. Defaults to `'tagger,parser,ner'`.                                 |
| `--ignore-warnings`, `-IW`                             | flag       | Ignore warnings, only show stats and errors.                                                                              |
| `--verbose`, `-V`                                      | flag       | Print additional information and explanations.                                                                            |
| `--no-format`, `-NF`                                   | flag       | Don't pretty-print the results. Use this if you want to write to a file.                                                  |

<Accordion title="Example output">

```
=========================== Data format validation ===========================
✔ Corpus is loadable

=============================== Training stats ===============================
Training pipeline: tagger, parser, ner
Starting with blank model 'en'
18127 training docs
2939 evaluation docs
⚠ 34 training examples also in evaluation data

============================== Vocab & Vectors ==============================
ℹ 2083156 total words in the data (56962 unique)
⚠ 13020 misaligned tokens in the training data
⚠ 2423 misaligned tokens in the dev data
10 most common words: 'the' (98429), ',' (91756), '.' (87073), 'to' (50058),
'of' (49559), 'and' (44416), 'a' (34010), 'in' (31424), 'that' (22792), 'is'
(18952)
ℹ No word vectors present in the model

========================== Named Entity Recognition ==========================
ℹ 18 new labels, 0 existing labels
528978 missing values (tokens with '-' label)
New: 'ORG' (23860), 'PERSON' (21395), 'GPE' (21193), 'DATE' (18080), 'CARDINAL'
(10490), 'NORP' (9033), 'MONEY' (5164), 'PERCENT' (3761), 'ORDINAL' (2122),
'LOC' (2113), 'TIME' (1616), 'WORK_OF_ART' (1229), 'QUANTITY' (1150), 'FAC'
(1134), 'EVENT' (974), 'PRODUCT' (935), 'LAW' (444), 'LANGUAGE' (338)
✔ Good amount of examples for all labels
✔ Examples without occurences available for all labels
✔ No entities consisting of or starting/ending with whitespace

=========================== Part-of-speech Tagging ===========================
ℹ 49 labels in data (57 labels in tag map)
'NN' (266331), 'IN' (227365), 'DT' (185600), 'NNP' (164404), 'JJ' (119830),
'NNS' (110957), '.' (101482), ',' (92476), 'RB' (90090), 'PRP' (90081), 'VB'
(74538), 'VBD' (68199), 'CC' (62862), 'VBZ' (50712), 'VBP' (43420), 'VBN'
(42193), 'CD' (40326), 'VBG' (34764), 'TO' (31085), 'MD' (25863), 'PRP$'
(23335), 'HYPH' (13833), 'POS' (13427), 'UH' (13322), 'WP' (10423), 'WDT'
(9850), 'RP' (8230), 'WRB' (8201), ':' (8168), '''' (7392), '``' (6984), 'NNPS'
(5817), 'JJR' (5689), '$' (3710), 'EX' (3465), 'JJS' (3118), 'RBR' (2872),
'-RRB-' (2825), '-LRB-' (2788), 'PDT' (2078), 'XX' (1316), 'RBS' (1142), 'FW'
(794), 'NFP' (557), 'SYM' (440), 'WP$' (294), 'LS' (293), 'ADD' (191), 'AFX'
(24)
✔ All labels present in tag map for language 'en'

============================= Dependency Parsing =============================
ℹ Found 111703 sentences with an average length of 18.6 words.
ℹ Found 2251 nonprojective train sentences
ℹ Found 303 nonprojective dev sentences
ℹ 47 labels in train data
ℹ 211 labels in projectivized train data
'punct' (236796), 'prep' (188853), 'pobj' (182533), 'det' (172674), 'nsubj'
(169481), 'compound' (116142), 'ROOT' (111697), 'amod' (107945), 'dobj' (93540),
'aux' (86802), 'advmod' (86197), 'cc' (62679), 'conj' (59575), 'poss' (36449),
'ccomp' (36343), 'advcl' (29017), 'mark' (27990), 'nummod' (24582), 'relcl'
(21359), 'xcomp' (21081), 'attr' (18347), 'npadvmod' (17740), 'acomp' (17204),
'auxpass' (15639), 'appos' (15368), 'neg' (15266), 'nsubjpass' (13922), 'case'
(13408), 'acl' (12574), 'pcomp' (10340), 'nmod' (9736), 'intj' (9285), 'prt'
(8196), 'quantmod' (7403), 'dep' (4300), 'dative' (4091), 'agent' (3908), 'expl'
(3456), 'parataxis' (3099), 'oprd' (2326), 'predet' (1946), 'csubj' (1494),
'subtok' (1147), 'preconj' (692), 'meta' (469), 'csubjpass' (64), 'iobj' (1)
⚠ Low number of examples for label 'iobj' (1)
⚠ Low number of examples for 130 labels in the projectivized dependency
trees used for training. You may want to projectivize labels such as punct
before training in order to improve parser performance.
⚠ Projectivized labels with low numbers of examples: appos||attr: 12
advmod||dobj: 13 prep||ccomp: 12 nsubjpass||ccomp: 15 pcomp||prep: 14
amod||dobj: 9 attr||xcomp: 14 nmod||nsubj: 17 prep||advcl: 2 prep||prep: 5
nsubj||conj: 12 advcl||advmod: 18 ccomp||advmod: 11 ccomp||pcomp: 5 acl||pobj:
10 npadvmod||acomp: 7 dobj||pcomp: 14 nsubjpass||pcomp: 1 nmod||pobj: 8
amod||attr: 6 nmod||dobj: 12 aux||conj: 1 neg||conj: 1 dative||xcomp: 11
pobj||dative: 3 xcomp||acomp: 19 advcl||pobj: 2 nsubj||advcl: 2 csubj||ccomp: 1
advcl||acl: 1 relcl||nmod: 2 dobj||advcl: 10 advmod||advcl: 3 nmod||nsubjpass: 6
amod||pobj: 5 cc||neg: 1 attr||ccomp: 16 advcl||xcomp: 3 nmod||attr: 4
advcl||nsubjpass: 5 advcl||ccomp: 4 ccomp||conj: 1 punct||acl: 1 meta||acl: 1
parataxis||acl: 1 prep||acl: 1 amod||nsubj: 7 ccomp||ccomp: 3 acomp||xcomp: 5
dobj||acl: 5 prep||oprd: 6 advmod||acl: 2 dative||advcl: 1 pobj||agent: 5
xcomp||amod: 1 dep||advcl: 1 prep||amod: 8 relcl||compound: 1 advcl||csubj: 3
npadvmod||conj: 2 npadvmod||xcomp: 4 advmod||nsubj: 3 ccomp||amod: 7
advcl||conj: 1 nmod||conj: 2 advmod||nsubjpass: 2 dep||xcomp: 2 appos||ccomp: 1
advmod||dep: 1 advmod||advmod: 5 aux||xcomp: 8 dep||advmod: 1 dative||ccomp: 2
prep||dep: 1 conj||conj: 1 dep||ccomp: 4 cc||ROOT: 1 prep||ROOT: 1 nsubj||pcomp:
3 advmod||prep: 2 relcl||dative: 1 acl||conj: 1 advcl||attr: 4 prep||npadvmod: 1
nsubjpass||xcomp: 1 neg||advmod: 1 xcomp||oprd: 1 advcl||advcl: 1 dobj||dep: 3
nsubjpass||parataxis: 1 attr||pcomp: 1 ccomp||parataxis: 1 advmod||attr: 1
nmod||oprd: 1 appos||nmod: 2 advmod||relcl: 1 appos||npadvmod: 1 appos||conj: 1
prep||expl: 1 nsubjpass||conj: 1 punct||pobj: 1 cc||pobj: 1 conj||pobj: 1
punct||conj: 1 ccomp||dep: 1 oprd||xcomp: 3 ccomp||xcomp: 1 ccomp||nsubj: 1
nmod||dep: 1 xcomp||ccomp: 1 acomp||advcl: 1 intj||advmod: 1 advmod||acomp: 2
relcl||oprd: 1 advmod||prt: 1 advmod||pobj: 1 appos||nummod: 1 relcl||npadvmod:
3 mark||advcl: 1 aux||ccomp: 1 amod||nsubjpass: 1 npadvmod||advmod: 1 conj||dep:
1 nummod||pobj: 1 amod||npadvmod: 1 intj||pobj: 1 nummod||npadvmod: 1
xcomp||xcomp: 1 aux||dep: 1 advcl||relcl: 1
⚠ The following labels were found only in the train data: xcomp||amod,
advcl||relcl, prep||nsubjpass, acl||nsubj, nsubjpass||conj, xcomp||oprd,
advmod||conj, advmod||advmod, iobj, advmod||nsubjpass, dobj||conj, ccomp||amod,
meta||acl, xcomp||xcomp, prep||attr, prep||ccomp, advcl||acomp, acl||dobj,
advcl||advcl, pobj||agent, prep||advcl, nsubjpass||xcomp, prep||dep,
acomp||xcomp, aux||ccomp, ccomp||dep, conj||dep, relcl||compound,
nsubjpass||ccomp, nmod||dobj, advmod||advcl, advmod||acl, dobj||advcl,
dative||xcomp, prep||nsubj, ccomp||ccomp, nsubj||ccomp, xcomp||acomp,
prep||acomp, dep||advmod, acl||pobj, appos||dobj, npadvmod||acomp, cc||ROOT,
relcl||nsubj, nmod||pobj, acl||nsubjpass, ccomp||advmod, pcomp||prep,
amod||dobj, advmod||attr, advcl||csubj, appos||attr, dobj||pcomp, prep||ROOT,
relcl||pobj, advmod||pobj, amod||nsubj, ccomp||xcomp, prep||oprd,
npadvmod||advmod, appos||nummod, advcl||pobj, neg||advmod, acl||attr,
appos||nsubjpass, csubj||ccomp, amod||nsubjpass, intj||pobj, dep||advcl,
cc||neg, xcomp||ccomp, dative||ccomp, nmod||oprd, pobj||dative, prep||dobj,
dep||ccomp, relcl||attr, ccomp||nsubj, advcl||xcomp, nmod||dep, advcl||advmod,
ccomp||conj, pobj||prep, advmod||acomp, advmod||relcl, attr||pcomp,
ccomp||parataxis, oprd||xcomp, intj||advmod, nmod||nsubjpass, prep||npadvmod,
parataxis||acl, prep||pobj, advcl||dobj, amod||pobj, prep||acl, conj||pobj,
advmod||dep, punct||pobj, ccomp||acomp, acomp||advcl, nummod||npadvmod,
dobj||dep, npadvmod||xcomp, advcl||conj, relcl||npadvmod, punct||acl,
relcl||dobj, dobj||xcomp, nsubjpass||parataxis, dative||advcl, relcl||nmod,
advcl||ccomp, appos||npadvmod, ccomp||pcomp, prep||amod, mark||advcl,
prep||advmod, prep||xcomp, appos||nsubj, attr||ccomp, advmod||prt, dobj||ccomp,
aux||conj, advcl||nsubj, conj||conj, advmod||ccomp, advcl||nsubjpass,
attr||xcomp, nmod||conj, npadvmod||conj, relcl||dative, prep||expl,
nsubjpass||pcomp, advmod||xcomp, advmod||dobj, appos||pobj, nsubj||conj,
relcl||nsubjpass, advcl||attr, appos||ccomp, advmod||prep, prep||conj,
nmod||attr, punct||conj, neg||conj, dep||xcomp, aux||xcomp, dobj||acl,
nummod||pobj, amod||npadvmod, nsubj||pcomp, advcl||acl, appos||nmod,
relcl||oprd, prep||prep, cc||pobj, nmod||nsubj, amod||attr, aux||dep,
appos||conj, advmod||nsubj, nsubj||advcl, acl||conj
To train a parser, your data should include at least 20 instances of each label.
⚠ Multiple root labels (ROOT, nsubj, aux, npadvmod, prep) found in
training data. spaCy's parser uses a single root label ROOT so this distinction
will not be available.

================================== Summary ==================================
✔ 5 checks passed
⚠ 8 warnings
```

</Accordion>

## Train {#train}

Train a model. Expects data in spaCy's
[binary format](/api/data-formats#training) and a
[config file](/api/data-formats#config) with all settings and hyperparameters.
Will save out the best model from all epochs, as well as the final model. The
`--code` argument can be used to provide a Python file that's imported before
the training process starts. This lets you register
[custom functions](/usage/training#custom-models) and architectures and refer to
them in your config, all while still using spaCy's built-in `train` workflow. If
you need to manage complex multi-step training workflows, check out the new
[spaCy projects](/usage/projects).

<Infobox title="New in v3.0" variant="warning">

As of spaCy v3.0, the `train` command doesn't take a long list of command-line
arguments anymore and instead expects a single
[`config.cfg` file](/usage/training#config) containing all settings for the
pipeline, training process and hyperparameters.

</Infobox>

```bash
$ python -m spacy train [train_path] [dev_path] [config_path] [--output]
[--code] [--verbose] [overrides]
```

| Argument          | Type       | Description                                                                                                                                                   |
| ----------------- | ---------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `train_path`      | positional | Location of training data in spaCy's [binary format](/api/data-formats#training). Can be a file or a directory of files.                                      |
| `dev_path`        | positional | Location of development data for evaluation in spaCy's [binary format](/api/data-formats#training). Can be a file or a directory of files.                    |
| `config_path`     | positional | Path to [training config](/api/data-formats#config) file containing all settings and hyperparameters.                                                         |
| `--output`, `-o`  | positional | Directory to store model in. Will be created if it doesn't exist.                                                                                             |
| `--code`, `-c`    | option     | Path to Python file with additional code to be imported. Allows [registering custom functions](/usage/training#custom-models) for new architectures.          |
| `--verbose`, `-V` | flag       | Show more detailed messages during training.                                                                                                                  |
| `--help`, `-h`    | flag       | Show help message and available arguments.                                                                                                                    |
| overrides         |            | Config parameters to override. Should be options starting with `--` that correspond to the config section and value to override, e.g. `--training.use_gpu 1`. |
| **CREATES**       | model      | The final model and the best model.                                                                                                                           |

## Pretrain {#pretrain new="2.1" tag="experimental"}

<!-- TODO: document new pretrain command and link to new pretraining docs -->

Pre-train the "token to vector" (`tok2vec`) layer of pipeline components, using
an approximate language-modeling objective. Specifically, we load pretrained
vectors, and train a component like a CNN, BiLSTM, etc to predict vectors which
match the pretrained ones. The weights are saved to a directory after each
epoch. You can then pass a path to one of these pretrained weights files to the
`spacy train` command.

This technique may be especially helpful if you have little labelled data.
However, it's still quite experimental, so your mileage may vary. To load the
weights back in during `spacy train`, you need to ensure all settings are the
same between pretraining and training. The API and errors around this need some
improvement.

```bash
$ python -m spacy pretrain [texts_loc] [vectors_model] [output_dir]
[--width] [--conv-depth] [--cnn-window] [--cnn-pieces] [--use-chars] [--sa-depth]
[--embed-rows] [--loss_func] [--dropout] [--batch-size] [--max-length]
[--min-length]  [--seed] [--n-iter] [--use-vectors] [--n-save-every]
[--init-tok2vec] [--epoch-start]
```

| Argument                                              | Type       | Description                                                                                                                                                                     |
| ----------------------------------------------------- | ---------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `texts_loc`                                           | positional | Path to JSONL file with raw texts to learn from, with text provided as the key `"text"` or tokens as the key `"tokens"`. [See here](#pretrain-jsonl) for details.               |
| `vectors_model`                                       | positional | Name or path to spaCy model with vectors to learn from.                                                                                                                         |
| `output_dir`                                          | positional | Directory to write models to on each epoch.                                                                                                                                     |
| `--width`, `-cw`                                      | option     | Width of CNN layers.                                                                                                                                                            |
| `--conv-depth`, `-cd`                                 | option     | Depth of CNN layers.                                                                                                                                                            |
| `--cnn-window`, `-cW` <Tag variant="new">2.2.2</Tag>  | option     | Window size for CNN layers.                                                                                                                                                     |
| `--cnn-pieces`, `-cP` <Tag variant="new">2.2.2</Tag>  | option     | Maxout size for CNN layers. `1` for [Mish](https://github.com/digantamisra98/Mish).                                                                                             |
| `--use-chars`, `-chr` <Tag variant="new">2.2.2</Tag>  | flag       | Whether to use character-based embedding.                                                                                                                                       |
| `--sa-depth`, `-sa` <Tag variant="new">2.2.2</Tag>    | option     | Depth of self-attention layers.                                                                                                                                                 |
| `--embed-rows`, `-er`                                 | option     | Number of embedding rows.                                                                                                                                                       |
| `--loss-func`, `-L`                                   | option     | Loss function to use for the objective. Either `"L2"` or `"cosine"`.                                                                                                            |
| `--dropout`, `-d`                                     | option     | Dropout rate.                                                                                                                                                                   |
| `--batch-size`, `-bs`                                 | option     | Number of words per training batch.                                                                                                                                             |
| `--max-length`, `-xw`                                 | option     | Maximum words per example. Longer examples are discarded.                                                                                                                       |
| `--min-length`, `-nw`                                 | option     | Minimum words per example. Shorter examples are discarded.                                                                                                                      |
| `--seed`, `-s`                                        | option     | Seed for random number generators.                                                                                                                                              |
| `--n-iter`, `-i`                                      | option     | Number of iterations to pretrain.                                                                                                                                               |
| `--use-vectors`, `-uv`                                | flag       | Whether to use the static vectors as input features.                                                                                                                            |
| `--n-save-every`, `-se`                               | option     | Save model every X batches.                                                                                                                                                     |
| `--init-tok2vec`, `-t2v` <Tag variant="new">2.1</Tag> | option     | Path to pretrained weights for the token-to-vector parts of the models. See `spacy pretrain`. Experimental.                                                                     |
| `--epoch-start`, `-es` <Tag variant="new">2.1.5</Tag> | option     | The epoch to start counting at. Only relevant when using `--init-tok2vec` and the given weight file has been renamed. Prevents unintended overwriting of existing weight files. |
| **CREATES**                                           | weights    | The pretrained weights that can be used to initialize `spacy train`.                                                                                                            |

### JSONL format for raw text {#pretrain-jsonl}

Raw text can be provided as a `.jsonl` (newline-delimited JSON) file containing
one input text per line (roughly paragraph length is good). Optionally, custom
tokenization can be provided.

> #### Tip: Writing JSONL
>
> Our utility library [`srsly`](https://github.com/explosion/srsly) provides a
> handy `write_jsonl` helper that takes a file path and list of dictionaries and
> writes out JSONL-formatted data.
>
> ```python
> import srsly
> data = [{"text": "Some text"}, {"text": "More..."}]
> srsly.write_jsonl("/path/to/text.jsonl", data)
> ```

| Key      | Type | Description                                                |
| -------- | ---- | ---------------------------------------------------------- |
| `text`   | str  | The raw input text. Is not required if `tokens` available. |
| `tokens` | list | Optional tokenization, one string per token.               |

```json
### Example
{"text": "Can I ask where you work now and what you do, and if you enjoy it?"}
{"text": "They may just pull out of the Seattle market completely, at least until they have autonomous vehicles."}
{"text": "My cynical view on this is that it will never be free to the public. Reason: what would be the draw of joining the military? Right now their selling point is free Healthcare and Education. Ironically both are run horribly and most, that I've talked to, come out wishing they never went in."}
{"tokens": ["If", "tokens", "are", "provided", "then", "we", "can", "skip", "the", "raw", "input", "text"]}
```

## Init Model {#init-model new="2"}

Create a new model directory from raw data, like word frequencies, Brown
clusters and word vectors. This command is similar to the `spacy model` command
in v1.x. Note that in order to populate the model's vocab, you need to pass in a
JSONL-formatted [vocabulary file](/api/data-formats#vocab-jsonl) as
`--jsonl-loc` with optional `id` values that correspond to the vectors table.
Just loading in vectors will not automatically populate the vocab.

```bash
$ python -m spacy init-model [lang] [output_dir] [--jsonl-loc] [--vectors-loc]
[--prune-vectors]
```

| Argument                                                    | Type       | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| ----------------------------------------------------------- | ---------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| `lang`                                                      | positional | Model language [ISO code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ISO_639-1_codes), e.g. `en`.                                                                                                                                                           |
| `output_dir`                                                | positional | Model output directory. Will be created if it doesn't exist.                                                                                                                                                                                           |
| `--jsonl-loc`, `-j`                                         | option     | Optional location of JSONL-formatted [vocabulary file](/api/data-formats#vocab-jsonl) with lexical attributes.                                                                                                                                         |
| `--vectors-loc`, `-v`                                       | option     | Optional location of vectors. Should be a file where the first row contains the dimensions of the vectors, followed by a space-separated Word2Vec table. File can be provided in `.txt` format or as a zipped text file in `.zip` or `.tar.gz` format. |
| `--truncate-vectors`, `-t` <Tag variant="new">2.3</Tag>     | option     | Number of vectors to truncate to when reading in vectors file. Defaults to `0` for no truncation.                                                                                                                                                      |
| `--prune-vectors`, `-V`                                     | option     | Number of vectors to prune the vocabulary to. Defaults to `-1` for no pruning.                                                                                                                                                                         |
| `--vectors-name`, `-vn`                                     | option     | Name to assign to the word vectors in the `meta.json`, e.g. `en_core_web_md.vectors`.                                                                                                                                                                  |
| `--omit-extra-lookups`, `-OEL` <Tag variant="new">2.3</Tag> | flag       | Do not include any of the extra lookups tables (`cluster`/`prob`/`sentiment`) from `spacy-lookups-data` in the model.                                                                                                                                  |
| **CREATES**                                                 | model      | A spaCy model containing the vocab and vectors.                                                                                                                                                                                                        |

## Evaluate {#evaluate new="2"}

<!-- TODO: document new evaluate command -->

Evaluate a model's accuracy and speed on JSON-formatted annotated data. Will
print the results and optionally export
[displaCy visualizations](/usage/visualizers) of a sample set of parses to
`.html` files. Visualizations for the dependency parse and NER will be exported
as separate files if the respective component is present in the model's
pipeline.

```bash
$ python -m spacy evaluate [model] [data_path] [--displacy-path] [--displacy-limit]
[--gpu-id] [--gold-preproc] [--return-scores]
```

| Argument                  | Type           | Description                                                                                                                                              |
| ------------------------- | -------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `model`                   | positional     | Model to evaluate. Can be a package or a path to a model data directory.                                                                                 |
| `data_path`               | positional     | Location of JSON-formatted evaluation data.                                                                                                              |
| `--displacy-path`, `-dp`  | option         | Directory to output rendered parses as HTML. If not set, no visualizations will be generated.                                                            |
| `--displacy-limit`, `-dl` | option         | Number of parses to generate per file. Defaults to `25`. Keep in mind that a significantly higher number might cause the `.html` files to render slowly. |
| `--gpu-id`, `-g`          | option         | GPU to use, if any. Defaults to `-1` for CPU.                                                                                                            |
| `--gold-preproc`, `-G`    | flag           | Use gold preprocessing.                                                                                                                                  |
| `--return-scores`, `-R`   | flag           | Return dict containing model scores.                                                                                                                     |
| **CREATES**               | `stdout`, HTML | Training results and optional displaCy visualizations.                                                                                                   |

## Package {#package}

Generate an installable
[model Python package](/usage/training#models-generating) from an existing model
data directory. All data files are copied over. If the path to a `meta.json` is
supplied, or a `meta.json` is found in the input directory, this file is used.
Otherwise, the data can be entered directly from the command line. spaCy will
then create a `.tar.gz` archive file that you can distribute and install with
`pip install`.

<Infobox title="New in v3.0" variant="warning">

The `spacy package` command now also builds the `.tar.gz` archive automatically,
so you don't have to run `python setup.py sdist` separately anymore.

</Infobox>

```bash
$ python -m spacy package [input_dir] [output_dir] [--meta-path] [--create-meta] [--force]
```

> #### Example
>
> ```bash
> python -m spacy package /input /output
> cd /output/en_model-0.0.0
> pip install dist/en_model-0.0.0.tar.gz
> ```

| Argument                                         | Type       | Description                                                                                                                                                                                     |
| ------------------------------------------------ | ---------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `input_dir`                                      | positional | Path to directory containing model data.                                                                                                                                                        |
| `output_dir`                                     | positional | Directory to create package folder in.                                                                                                                                                          |
| `--meta-path`, `-m` <Tag variant="new">2</Tag>   | option     | Path to `meta.json` file (optional).                                                                                                                                                            |
| `--create-meta`, `-c` <Tag variant="new">2</Tag> | flag       | Create a `meta.json` file on the command line, even if one already exists in the directory. If an existing file is found, its entries will be shown as the defaults in the command line prompt. |
| `--version`, `-v` <Tag variant="new">3</Tag>     | option     | Package version to override in meta. Useful when training new versions, as it doesn't require editing the meta template.                                                                        |
| `--force`, `-f`                                  | flag       | Force overwriting of existing folder in output directory.                                                                                                                                       |
| `--help`, `-h`                                   | flag       | Show help message and available arguments.                                                                                                                                                      |
| **CREATES**                                      | directory  | A Python package containing the spaCy model.                                                                                                                                                    |

## Project {#project new="3"}

<!-- TODO: document project command and subcommands. We should probably wait and only finalize this once we've finalized the design -->

The `spacy project` CLI includes subcommands for working with
[spaCy projects](/usage/projects), end-to-end workflows for building and
deploying custom spaCy models.

### project clone {#project-clone}

Clone a project template from a Git repository. Calls into `git` under the hood
and uses the sparse checkout feature, so you're only downloading what you need.
By default, spaCy's
[project templates repo](https://github.com/explosion/projects) is used, but you
can provide any other repo (public or private) that you have access to using the
`--repo` option.

<!-- TODO: update example once we've decided on repo structure -->

```bash
$ python -m spacy project clone [name] [dest] [--repo]
```

> #### Example
>
> ```bash
> $ python -m spacy project clone some_example
> ```
>
> Clone from custom repo:
>
> ```bash
> $ python -m spacy project clone template --repo https://github.com/your_org/your_repo
> ```

| Argument       | Type       | Description                                                                                                                  |
| -------------- | ---------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `name`         | positional | The name of the template to clone, relative to the repo. Can be a top-level directory or a subdirectory like `dir/template`. |
| `dest`         | positional | Where to clone the project. Defaults to current working directory.                                                           |
| `--repo`, `-r` | option     | The repository to clone from. Can be any public or private Git repo you have access to.                                      |
| `--help`, `-h` | flag       | Show help message and available arguments.                                                                                   |
| **CREATES**    | directory  | The cloned [project directory](/usage/projects#project-files).                                                               |

### project assets {#project-assets}

Fetch project assets like datasets and pretrained weights. Assets are defined in
the `assets` section of the [`project.yml`](/usage/projects#project-yml). If a
`checksum` is provided, the file is only downloaded if no local file with the
same checksum exists and spaCy will show an error if the checksum of the
downloaded file doesn't match. If assets don't specify a `url` they're
considered "private" and you have to take care of putting them into the
destination directory yourself. If a local path is provided, the asset is copied
into the current project.

<!-- TODO: update example once we've decided on repo structure -->

```bash
$ python -m spacy project assets [project_dir]
```

> #### Example
>
> ```bash
> $ python -m spacy project assets
> ```

| Argument       | Type       | Description                                                       |
| -------------- | ---------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `project_dir`  | positional | Path to project directory. Defaults to current working directory. |
| `--help`, `-h` | flag       | Show help message and available arguments.                        |
| **CREATES**    | files      | Downloaded or copied assets defined in the `project.yml`.         |

### project run {#project-run}

Run a named command or workflow defined in the
[`project.yml`](/usage/projects#project-yml). If a workflow name is specified,
all commands in the workflow are run, in order. If commands define
[dependencies or outputs](/usage/projects#deps-outputs), they will only be
re-run if state has changed. For example, if the input dataset changes, a
preprocessing command that depends on those files will be re-run.

<!-- TODO: update example once we've decided on repo structure -->

```bash
$ python -m spacy project run [subcommand] [project_dir] [--force] [--dry]
```

> #### Example
>
> ```bash
> $ python -m spacy project run train
> ```

| Argument        | Type       | Description                                                       |
| --------------- | ---------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `subcommand`    | positional | Name of the command or workflow to run.                           |
| `project_dir`   | positional | Path to project directory. Defaults to current working directory. |
| `--force`, `-F` | flag       | Force re-running steps, even if nothing changed.                  |
| `--dry`, `-D`   | flag       |  Perform a dry run and don't execute scripts.                     |
| `--help`, `-h`  | flag       | Show help message and available arguments.                        |

### project dvc {#project-dvc}

Auto-generate [Data Version Control](https://dvc.org) (DVC) config file. Calls
[`dvc run`](https://dvc.org/doc/command-reference/run) with `--no-exec` under
the hood to generate the `dvc.yaml`. A DVC project can only define one pipeline,
so you need to specify one workflow defined in the
[`project.yml`](/usage/projects#project-yml). If no workflow is specified, the
first defined workflow is used. The DVC config will only be updated if the
`project.yml` changed. For details, see the
[DVC integration](/usage/projects#dvc) docs.

<Infobox variant="warning">

This command requires DVC to be installed and initialized in the project
directory, e.g. via [`dvc init`](https://dvc.org/doc/command-reference/init).
You'll also need to add the assets you want to track with
[`dvc add`](https://dvc.org/doc/command-reference/add).

</Infobox>

```bash
$ python -m spacy project dvc [project_dir] [workflow] [--force] [--verbose]
```

> #### Example
>
> ```bash
> git init
> dvc init
> python -m spacy project dvc all
> ```

| Argument          | Type       | Description                                                                       |
| ----------------- | ---------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `project_dir`     | positional | Path to project directory. Defaults to current working directory.                 |
| `workflow`        | positional | Name of workflow defined in `project.yml`. Defaults to first workflow if not set. |
| `--force`, `-F`   | flag       | Force-updating config file.                                                       |
| `--verbose`, `-V` | flag       |  Print more output generated by DVC.                                              |
| `--help`, `-h`    | flag       | Show help message and available arguments.                                        |