# Setting up fuzzers for a new library

Fuzzer build configurations are placed into a top-level directory for the
library in the [oss-fuzz repo] on GitHub. For example, fuzzers for the expat
library go into <https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz/tree/master/expat>.

## Prerequisites

[Install Docker].

Building fuzzers requires building your library with a fresh of 
Clang compiler and special compiler flags. An easy-to-use Docker image is 
provided to simplify tool distribution.

If you'd like to get more familiar with how building libFuzzer-style fuzzers work in
general, check out [this page](http://llvm.org/docs/LibFuzzer.html).

## Overview

To add a new OSS library to oss-fuzz, 3 supporting files have to be added to oss-fuzz source code repository:

* *library_name*/Dockerfile - defines an container environment with all the dependencies needed to build the project and the fuzzer.
* *library_name*/build.sh - build script that will be executed inside the container.
* *library_name*/Jenkinsfile - will be needed to integrate fuzzers with ClusterFuzz build and distributed execution system. 
  Specify your library VCS location in it.

To create a new directory for the library and automatically generate these 3 files a python script can be used:

```bash
$ cd /path/to/oss-fuzz
$ export LIB_NAME=name_of_the_library
$ python scripts/helper.py generate $LIB_NAME
```

Create a fuzzer and add it to the *library_name/* directory as well.

## Dockerfile

This is the Docker image definition that build.sh will be executed in.
It is very simple for most libraries:
```bash
FROM ossfuzz/base-libfuzzer             # base image with clang toolchain
MAINTAINER YOUR_EMAIL                   # each file should have a maintainer 
RUN apt-get install -y ...              # install required packages to build a project
CMD /src/oss-fuzz/LIB_NAME/build.sh     # specify build script for the project.
```
Expat example: [expat/Dockerfile](../expat/Dockerfile)

## build.sh

This is where most of the work is done to build fuzzers for your library. The script will
be executed within an image built from a `Dockerfile`.

In general, this script will need to:

1. Build the library using its build system *with* correct compiler and its flags provided as *environment variables* (see below). 
2. Build the fuzzers, linking with the library and libFuzzer. Built fuzzers
   should be placed in `/out`.

For expat, this looks like:

```bash
#!/bin/bash -eu

cd /src/expat/expat
./buildconf.sh
# configure scripts usually use correct environment variables.
./configure

make clean all

# build the fuzzer, linking with libFuzzer and libexpat.a
$CXX $CXXFLAGS -std=c++11 -Ilib/ \
    /src/oss-fuzz/expat/parse_fuzzer.cc -o /out/expat_parse_fuzzer \
    /work/libfuzzer/*.o .libs/libexpat.a \
    $LDFLAGS
```

### build.sh Script Environment 

When build.sh script is executed, the following locations are available within the image:

| Path                  | Description
| ------                | -----
| `/src/$LIB_NAME`      | Source code for your library. 
| `/src/oss-fuzz`       | Checked out oss-fuzz source tree. 
| `/work/libfuzzer/*.o` | Prebuilt libFuzzer object files that need to be linked into all fuzzers.

You *must* use special compiler flags to build your library and fuzzers.
These flags are provided in following environment variables:

| Env Variable    | Description
| -------------   | --------
| `$CC`           | The C compiler binary.
| `$CXX`, `$CCC`  | The C++ compiler binary.
| `$CFLAGS`       | C compiler flags.
| `$CXXFLAGS`     | C++ compiler flags.
| `$LDFLAGS`      | Linker flags for fuzzer binaries.

Many well-crafted build scripts will automatically use these variables. If not,
passing them manually to a build tool might be required.

## Create Fuzzer Source File

Create a new .cc file, define a `LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput` function and call
your library:

```c++
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdint.h>

extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
  // put your fuzzing code here and use data+size as input.
  return 0;
}
```

There are [lots](../libxml2/libxml2_xml_read_memory_fuzzer.cc) 
[of](../expat/parse_fuzzer.cc) [examples](../zlib/zlib_uncompress_fuzzer.cc)
in this project repository.

### Dictionaries and custom libfuzzer options

Any top-level files in the library directory ending with the extension ".dict"
or ".options" will be picked up by ClusterFuzz. Files ending with ".dict" are
assumed to be libFuzzer compatible [dictionaries], and .options files have the
format:

```
[libfuzzer]
dict = dictionary_name.dict
max_len = 9001
```

This means that `-dict=/path/to/dictionary_name.dict` and `-max_len=9001` will
be passed to the fuzzer when it's run.

### Others (e.g. fuzzer source)

For some libraries, the upstream repository will contain fuzzers (e.g.
freetype2). In other cases, such as expat, we can check in fuzzer source into
the oss-fuzz repo.

## Jenkinsfile

This file will be largely the same for most libraries, and is used by our build
infrastructure. For expat, this is:

```groovy
// load libFuzzer pipeline definition.
def libfuzzerBuild = fileLoader.fromGit('infra/libfuzzer-pipeline.groovy',
                                        'https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz.git',
                                        'master', null, '')

libfuzzerBuild {
  git = "git://git.code.sf.net/p/expat/code_git"
}
```

Simply replace the the "git" entry with the correct git url for the library.

*Note*: only git is supported right now.

## Testing locally

Helper script can be used to build images and fuzzers. Non-script
version using docker commands directly is documented [here](building_running_fuzzers_external.md).

```bash
$ cd /path/to/oss-fuzz
$ python scripts/helper.py build_image $LIB_NAME
$ python scripts/helper.py build_fuzzers $LIB_NAME
```

This should place the built fuzzers into `/path/to/oss-fuzz/build/out/$LIB_NAME`
on your machine (`/out` in the container). You can then try to run these fuzzers
inside the container to make sure that they work properly:

```bash
$ python scripts/helper.py run_fuzzer $LIB_NAME name_of_a_fuzzer
```

If everything works locally, then it should also work on our automated builders
and ClusterFuzz.

### Debugging build scripts

While developing your build script, it may be useful to run bash within the
container:

```bash
$ python scripts/helper.py shell $LIB_NAME  # runs /bin/bash within container
$ bash /src/oss-fuzz/$LIB_NAME/build.sh     # to run the build script manually
```

## Checking in to oss-fuzz repository

Fork oss-fuzz, commit and push to the fork, and then create a pull request with
your change!

### Copyright headers

Please include copyright headers for all files checked in to oss-fuzz:

```
# Copyright 2016 Google Inc.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
#
################################################################################
```

If porting a fuzzer from Chromium, keep the Chromium license header.

## The end

Once your change is merged, the fuzzers should be automatically built and run on
ClusterFuzz after a short while!

[oss-fuzz repo]: https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz
[dictionaries]: http://llvm.org/docs/LibFuzzer.html#dictionaries
[Install Docker]: https://docs.docker.com/engine/installation/linux/ubuntulinux/