issue #605: ansible: share a sem_t instead of a pthread_mutex_t

The previous version quite reliably causes worker deadlocks within 10
minutes running:

    # 100 times:
    - import_playbook: integration/async/runner_one_job.yml
    # 100 times:
    - import_playbook: integration/module_utils/adjacent_to_playbook.yml

via .ci/soak/mitogen.sh with PLAYBOOK= set to the above playbook.

Attaching to the worker with gdb reveals it in an instruction
immediately following a futex() call, which likely returned EINTR due to
attaching gdb. Examining the pthread_mutex_t state reveals it to be
completely unlocked.

pthread_mutex_t on Linux should have zero trouble living in shmem, so
it's not clear how this deadlock is happening. Meanwhile POSIX
semaphores are explicitly designed for cross-process use and have a
completely different internal implementation, so try those instead. 1
hour of soaking reveals no deadlock.

This is about avoiding managing a lockable temporary file on disk to
contain our counter, and somehow communicating a reference to it into
subprocesses (despite the subprocess module closing inherited fds, etc),
somehow deleting it reliably at exit, and somehow avoiding concurrent
Ansible runs stepping on the same file. For now ctypes is still less
pain.

A final possibility would be to abandon a shared counter and instead
pick a CPU based on the hash of e.g. the new child's process ID. That
would likely balance equally well, and might be worth exploring when
making this code work on BSD.

ansible_mitogen/affinity.py

@@ -92,37 +92,37 @@ try:
     _libc = ctypes.CDLL(None, use_errno=True)
     _strerror = _libc.strerror
     _strerror.restype = ctypes.c_char_p
-    _pthread_mutex_init = _libc.pthread_mutex_init
-    _pthread_mutex_lock = _libc.pthread_mutex_lock
-    _pthread_mutex_unlock = _libc.pthread_mutex_unlock
+    _sem_init = _libc.sem_init
+    _sem_wait = _libc.sem_wait
+    _sem_post = _libc.sem_post
     _sched_setaffinity = _libc.sched_setaffinity
 except (OSError, AttributeError):
     _libc = None
     _strerror = None
-    _pthread_mutex_init = None
-    _pthread_mutex_lock = None
-    _pthread_mutex_unlock = None
+    _sem_init = None
+    _sem_wait = None
+    _sem_post = None
     _sched_setaffinity = None
 
 
-class pthread_mutex_t(ctypes.Structure):
+class sem_t(ctypes.Structure):
     """
-    Wrap pthread_mutex_t to allow storing a lock in shared memory.
+    Wrap sem_t to allow storing a lock in shared memory.
     """
     _fields_ = [
-        ('data', ctypes.c_uint8 * 512),
+        ('data', ctypes.c_uint8 * 128),
     ]
 
     def init(self):
-        if _pthread_mutex_init(self.data, 0):
+        if _sem_init(self.data, 1, 1):
             raise Exception(_strerror(ctypes.get_errno()))
 
     def acquire(self):
-        if _pthread_mutex_lock(self.data):
+        if _sem_wait(self.data):
             raise Exception(_strerror(ctypes.get_errno()))
 
     def release(self):
-        if _pthread_mutex_unlock(self.data):
+        if _sem_post(self.data):
             raise Exception(_strerror(ctypes.get_errno()))
 
 
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ class State(ctypes.Structure):
     the context of the new child process.
     """
     _fields_ = [
-        ('lock', pthread_mutex_t),
+        ('lock', sem_t),
         ('counter', ctypes.c_uint8),
     ]