diff --git a/.github/workflows/autofix.yml b/.github/workflows/autofix.yml
index 00418de7e..2e5f5316a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/autofix.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/autofix.yml
@@ -15,30 +15,31 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
-      - uses: install-pinned/pyupgrade@423622e7c2088eeba495a591385ec22074284f90
+      - uses: install-pinned/pyupgrade@28e8d2633f6f1a03d5b4709682ce155a66324e6a
       - name: Run pyupgrade
         run: |
           shopt -s globstar
           export GLOBIGNORE='mitmproxy/contrib/**'
-          pyupgrade --exit-zero-even-if-changed --keep-runtime-typing --py39-plus **/*.py
+          pyupgrade --exit-zero-even-if-changed --keep-runtime-typing --py310-plus **/*.py
 
-      - uses: install-pinned/reorder_python_imports@946c8bbd8fe048a3bee76063c90c938d5a59a9aa
+      - uses: install-pinned/reorder_python_imports@2cc264e0f6bc33907796602661e5b26d8199314d
       - name: Run reorder-python-imports
         run: |
           shopt -s globstar
           export GLOBIGNORE='mitmproxy/contrib/**'
-          reorder-python-imports --exit-zero-even-if-changed --py39-plus **/*.py
-      - uses: install-pinned/yesqa@4af1e53e86a56db346a03ece9e89c19bfd0e5d0e
+          reorder-python-imports --exit-zero-even-if-changed --py310-plus **/*.py
 
+      - uses: install-pinned/yesqa@4896f663e9c294fddfbf5f4e4fc4f9b1a4556658
       - name: Run yesqa
         run: |
            shopt -s globstar
            export GLOBIGNORE='mitmproxy/contrib/**'
            yesqa **/*.py || true
-      - uses: install-pinned/autoflake@19ecc14a8688d57cca9dc6cfd705f16f200ff097
-      - run: autoflake --in-place --remove-all-unused-imports --exclude contrib -r .
 
-      - uses: install-pinned/black@13c8a20eb904ba800c87f0b34ccfd932ac2ff81d
+      - uses: install-pinned/autoflake@dfa39c5f136f5b885c175734a719dc6ad1f11fc7
+      - run: autoflake --in-place --remove-all-unused-imports --exclude mitmproxy/contrib -r .
+
+      - uses: install-pinned/black@3375665f712256be11c3212db472c3dafc217fa1
       - run: black --extend-exclude mitmproxy/contrib .
 
       - uses: mhils/add-pr-ref-in-changelog@main
diff --git a/.github/workflows/main.yml b/.github/workflows/main.yml
index 2ebca4893..514d62ee8 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/main.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/main.yml
@@ -49,8 +49,6 @@ jobs:
             py: "3.11"
           - os: ubuntu-latest
             py: "3.10"
-          - os: ubuntu-latest
-            py: "3.9"
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     steps:
       - run: printenv
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 9f330a4d1..5543af0e1 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 ## Unreleased: mitmproxy next
 
+* mitmproxy now requires Python 3.10 or above.
 * Fix a bug where the direction indicator in the message stream view would be in the wrong direction.
   ([#5921](https://github.com/mitmproxy/mitmproxy/issues/5921), @konradh)
 * Fix a bug where peername would be None in tls_passthrough script, which would make it not working.
diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md
index 9f0496090..8541833f0 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@ forward, please consider contributing in the following areas:
 
 ## Development Setup
 
-To get started hacking on mitmproxy, please install a recent version of Python (we require at least Python 3.9).
-Then, do the following:
+To get started hacking on mitmproxy, please install the latest version of Python and do the following:
 
 ##### Linux / macOS
 
diff --git a/docs/scripts/api-events.py b/docs/scripts/api-events.py
index 8f3a72e72..8e7007639 100644
--- a/docs/scripts/api-events.py
+++ b/docs/scripts/api-events.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 import contextlib
 import inspect
 import textwrap
+import typing
 from pathlib import Path
 
 from mitmproxy import addonmanager
@@ -33,15 +34,9 @@ def category(name: str, desc: str, hooks: list[type[hooks.Hook]]) -> None:
     for params in all_params:
         for param in params:
             try:
-                mod = inspect.getmodule(param.annotation).__name__
-                if mod == "typing":
-                    # this is ugly, but can be removed once we are on Python 3.9+ only
-                    imports.add(
-                        inspect.getmodule(param.annotation.__args__[0]).__name__
-                    )
-                    types.add(param.annotation._name)
-                else:
-                    imports.add(mod)
+                imports.add(inspect.getmodule(param.annotation).__name__)
+                for t in typing.get_args(param.annotation):
+                    imports.add(inspect.getmodule(t).__name__)
             except AttributeError:
                 raise ValueError(f"Missing type annotation: {params}")
     imports.discard("builtins")
diff --git a/docs/src/content/overview-installation.md b/docs/src/content/overview-installation.md
index a65ae0fa4..8f7e86d5e 100644
--- a/docs/src/content/overview-installation.md
+++ b/docs/src/content/overview-installation.md
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ While there are plenty of options around[^1], we recommend the installation usin
     packages. Most of them (pip, virtualenv, pipenv, etc.) should just work, but we don't have the capacity to
     provide support for it.
 
-1. Install a recent version of Python (we require at least 3.9).
+1. Install a recent version of Python (we require at least 3.10).
 2. Install [pipx](https://pipxproject.github.io/pipx/).
 3. `pipx install mitmproxy`
 
diff --git a/mitmproxy/master.py b/mitmproxy/master.py
index a8e6bfc34..3484600a8 100644
--- a/mitmproxy/master.py
+++ b/mitmproxy/master.py
@@ -40,10 +40,7 @@ class Master:
         # may want to spawn tasks during the initial configuration phase,
         # which happens before run().
         self.event_loop = event_loop or asyncio.get_running_loop()
-        try:
-            self.should_exit = asyncio.Event()
-        except RuntimeError:  # python 3.9 and below
-            self.should_exit = asyncio.Event(loop=self.event_loop)  # type: ignore
+        self.should_exit = asyncio.Event()
         mitmproxy_ctx.master = self
         mitmproxy_ctx.log = self.log  # deprecated, do not use.
         mitmproxy_ctx.options = self.options
diff --git a/mitmproxy/utils/signals.py b/mitmproxy/utils/signals.py
index cad5e5d1f..4bdc7282f 100644
--- a/mitmproxy/utils/signals.py
+++ b/mitmproxy/utils/signals.py
@@ -17,13 +17,9 @@ from collections.abc import Callable
 from typing import Any
 from typing import cast
 from typing import Generic
+from typing import ParamSpec
 from typing import TypeVar
 
-try:
-    from typing import ParamSpec
-except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
-    # Python 3.9
-    from typing_extensions import ParamSpec  # type: ignore
 
 P = ParamSpec("P")
 R = TypeVar("R")
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
index 4578e7752..1c0f7c433 100644
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ setup(
         "Operating System :: POSIX",
         "Operating System :: Microsoft :: Windows",
         "Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only",
-        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
         "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
         "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
         "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython",
@@ -70,7 +69,7 @@ setup(
             "hook-dirs = mitmproxy.utils.pyinstaller:hook_dirs",
         ],
     },
-    python_requires=">=3.9",
+    python_requires=">=3.10",
     # https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/discussions/install-requires-vs-requirements/#install-requires
     # It is not considered best practice to use install_requires to pin dependencies to specific versions.
     install_requires=[