# Copyright The PyTorch Lightning team.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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import functools
import inspect
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
from collections.abc import Sequence
from copy import deepcopy
from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union

import torch
from torch import nn

from pytorch_lightning.metrics.utils import _flatten, dim_zero_cat, dim_zero_mean, dim_zero_sum
from pytorch_lightning.utilities.apply_func import apply_to_collection
from pytorch_lightning.utilities.distributed import gather_all_tensors


class Metric(nn.Module, ABC):
    """
    Base class for all metrics present in the Metrics API.

    Implements ``add_state()``, ``forward()``, ``reset()`` and a few other things to
    handle distributed synchronization and per-step metric computation.

    Override ``update()`` and ``compute()`` functions to implement your own metric. Use
    ``add_state()`` to register metric state variables which keep track of state on each
    call of ``update()`` and are synchronized across processes when ``compute()`` is called.

    Note:
        Metric state variables can either be ``torch.Tensors`` or an empty list which can we used
        to store `torch.Tensors``.

    Note:
        Different metrics only override ``update()`` and not ``forward()``. A call to ``update()``
        is valid, but it won't return the metric value at the current step. A call to ``forward()``
        automatically calls ``update()`` and also returns the metric value at the current step.

    Args:
        compute_on_step:
            Forward only calls ``update()`` and returns None if this is set to False. default: True
        dist_sync_on_step:
            Synchronize metric state across processes at each ``forward()``
            before returning the value at the step.
        process_group:
            Specify the process group on which synchronization is called. default: None (which selects the entire world)
        dist_sync_fn:
            Callback that performs the allgather operation on the metric state. When `None`, DDP
            will be used to perform the allgather. default: None
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        compute_on_step: bool = True,
        dist_sync_on_step: bool = False,
        process_group: Optional[Any] = None,
        dist_sync_fn: Callable = None,
    ):
        super().__init__()

        self.dist_sync_on_step = dist_sync_on_step
        self.compute_on_step = compute_on_step
        self.process_group = process_group
        self.dist_sync_fn = dist_sync_fn
        self._to_sync = True

        self._update_signature = inspect.signature(self.update)
        self.update = self._wrap_update(self.update)
        self.compute = self._wrap_compute(self.compute)
        self._computed = None
        self._forward_cache = None

        # initialize state
        self._defaults = {}
        self._persistent = {}
        self._reductions = {}

    def add_state(
        self, name: str, default, dist_reduce_fx: Optional[Union[str, Callable]] = None, persistent: bool = False
    ):
        """
        Adds metric state variable. Only used by subclasses.

        Args:
            name: The name of the state variable. The variable will then be accessible at ``self.name``.
            default: Default value of the state; can either be a ``torch.Tensor`` or an empty list. The state will be
                reset to this value when ``self.reset()`` is called.
            dist_reduce_fx (Optional): Function to reduce state accross mutliple processes in distributed mode.
                If value is ``"sum"``, ``"mean"``, or ``"cat"``, we will use ``torch.sum``, ``torch.mean``,
                and ``torch.cat`` respectively, each with argument ``dim=0``. Note that the ``"cat"`` reduction
                only makes sense if the state is a list, and not a tensor. The user can also pass a custom
                function in this parameter.
            persistent (Optional): whether the state will be saved as part of the modules ``state_dict``.
                Default is ``False``.

        Note:
            Setting ``dist_reduce_fx`` to None will return the metric state synchronized across different processes.
            However, there won't be any reduction function applied to the synchronized metric state.

            The metric states would be synced as follows

            - If the metric state is ``torch.Tensor``, the synced value will be a stacked ``torch.Tensor`` across
              the process dimension if the metric state was a ``torch.Tensor``. The original ``torch.Tensor`` metric
              state retains dimension and hence the synchronized output will be of shape ``(num_process, ...)``.

            - If the metric state is a ``list``, the synced value will be a ``list`` containing the
              combined elements from all processes.

        Note:
            When passing a custom function to ``dist_reduce_fx``, expect the synchronized metric state to follow
            the format discussed in the above note.

        """
        if (
            not isinstance(default, torch.Tensor)
            and not isinstance(default, list)  # noqa: W503
            or (isinstance(default, list) and len(default) != 0)  # noqa: W503
        ):
            raise ValueError(
                "state variable must be a tensor or any empty list (where you can append tensors)"
            )

        if dist_reduce_fx == "sum":
            dist_reduce_fx = dim_zero_sum
        elif dist_reduce_fx == "mean":
            dist_reduce_fx = dim_zero_mean
        elif dist_reduce_fx == "cat":
            dist_reduce_fx = dim_zero_cat
        elif dist_reduce_fx is not None and not isinstance(dist_reduce_fx, Callable):
            raise ValueError(
                "`dist_reduce_fx` must be callable or one of ['mean', 'sum', 'cat', None]"
            )

        setattr(self, name, default)

        self._defaults[name] = deepcopy(default)
        self._persistent[name] = persistent
        self._reductions[name] = dist_reduce_fx

    @torch.jit.unused
    def forward(self, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        Automatically calls ``update()``. Returns the metric value over inputs if ``compute_on_step`` is True.
        """
        # add current step
        with torch.no_grad():
            self.update(*args, **kwargs)
        self._forward_cache = None

        if self.compute_on_step:
            self._to_sync = self.dist_sync_on_step

            # save context before switch
            self._cache = {attr: getattr(self, attr) for attr in self._defaults.keys()}

            # call reset, update, compute, on single batch
            self.reset()
            self.update(*args, **kwargs)
            self._forward_cache = self.compute()

            # restore context
            for attr, val in self._cache.items():
                setattr(self, attr, val)
            self._to_sync = True
            self._computed = None

            return self._forward_cache

    def _sync_dist(self, dist_sync_fn=gather_all_tensors):
        input_dict = {attr: getattr(self, attr) for attr in self._reductions.keys()}
        output_dict = apply_to_collection(
            input_dict,
            torch.Tensor,
            dist_sync_fn,
            group=self.process_group,
        )

        for attr, reduction_fn in self._reductions.items():
            # pre-processing ops (stack or flatten for inputs)
            if isinstance(output_dict[attr][0], torch.Tensor):
                output_dict[attr] = torch.stack(output_dict[attr])
            elif isinstance(output_dict[attr][0], list):
                output_dict[attr] = _flatten(output_dict[attr])

            assert isinstance(reduction_fn, (Callable)) or reduction_fn is None
            reduced = reduction_fn(output_dict[attr]) if reduction_fn is not None else output_dict[attr]
            setattr(self, attr, reduced)

    def _wrap_update(self, update):
        @functools.wraps(update)
        def wrapped_func(*args, **kwargs):
            self._computed = None
            return update(*args, **kwargs)
        return wrapped_func

    def _wrap_compute(self, compute):
        @functools.wraps(compute)
        def wrapped_func(*args, **kwargs):
            # return cached value
            if self._computed is not None:
                return self._computed

            dist_sync_fn = self.dist_sync_fn
            if (
                dist_sync_fn is None
                and torch.distributed.is_available()
                and torch.distributed.is_initialized()
            ):
                # User provided a bool, so we assume DDP if available
                dist_sync_fn = gather_all_tensors

            if self._to_sync and dist_sync_fn is not None:
                self._sync_dist(dist_sync_fn)

            self._computed = compute(*args, **kwargs)
            self.reset()

            return self._computed

        return wrapped_func

    @abstractmethod
    def update(self) -> None:  # pylint: disable=E0202
        """
        Override this method to update the state variables of your metric class.
        """
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def compute(self):  # pylint: disable=E0202
        """
        Override this method to compute the final metric value from state variables
        synchronized across the distributed backend.
        """
        pass

    def reset(self):
        """
        This method automatically resets the metric state variables to their default value.
        """
        for attr, default in self._defaults.items():
            current_val = getattr(self, attr)
            if isinstance(default, torch.Tensor):
                setattr(self, attr, deepcopy(default).to(current_val.device))
            else:
                setattr(self, attr, deepcopy(default))

    def clone(self):
        """ Make a copy of the metric """
        return deepcopy(self)

    def __getstate__(self):
        # ignore update and compute functions for pickling
        return {k: v for k, v in self.__dict__.items() if k not in ["update", "compute"]}

    def __setstate__(self, state):
        # manually restore update and compute functions for pickling
        self.__dict__.update(state)
        self.update = self._wrap_update(self.update)
        self.compute = self._wrap_compute(self.compute)

    def _apply(self, fn):
        """ Overwrite _apply function such that we can also move metric states
            to the correct device when `.to`, `.cuda`, etc methods are called
        """
        self = super()._apply(fn)
        # Also apply fn to metric states
        for key in self._defaults.keys():
            current_val = getattr(self, key)
            if isinstance(current_val, torch.Tensor):
                setattr(self, key, fn(current_val))
            elif isinstance(current_val, Sequence):
                setattr(self, key, [fn(cur_v) for cur_v in current_val])
            else:
                raise TypeError('Expected metric state to be either a torch.Tensor'
                                f'or a list of torch.Tensor, but encountered {current_val}')
        return self

    def persistent(self, mode: bool = False):
        """ Method for post-init to change if metric states should be saved to
            its state_dict
        """
        for key in self._persistent.keys():
            self._persistent[key] = mode

    def state_dict(self, *args, **kwargs):
        # Register metric states to be part of the state_dict
        state_dict = super().state_dict()
        for key in self._defaults.keys():
            if self._persistent[key]:
                current_val = getattr(self, key)
                state_dict.update({key: current_val})
        return state_dict


class MetricCollection(nn.ModuleDict):
    """
    MetricCollection class can be used to chain metrics that have the same
    call pattern into one single class.

    Args:
        metrics: One of the following

            * list or tuple: if metrics are passed in as a list, will use the
              metrics class name as key for output dict. Therefore, two metrics
              of the same class cannot be chained this way.

            * dict: if metrics are passed in as a dict, will use each key in the
              dict as key for output dict. Use this format if you want to chain
              together multiple of the same metric with different parameters.

    Example (input as list):

        >>> from pytorch_lightning.metrics import MetricCollection, Accuracy, Precision, Recall
        >>> target = torch.tensor([0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 2])
        >>> preds = torch.tensor([2, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2])
        >>> metrics = MetricCollection([Accuracy(),
        ...                             Precision(num_classes=3, average='macro'),
        ...                             Recall(num_classes=3, average='macro')])
        >>> metrics(preds, target)
        {'Accuracy': tensor(0.1250), 'Precision': tensor(0.0667), 'Recall': tensor(0.1111)}

    Example (input as dict):

        >>> metrics = MetricCollection({'micro_recall': Recall(num_classes=3, average='micro'),
        ...                             'macro_recall': Recall(num_classes=3, average='macro')})
        >>> metrics(preds, target)
        {'micro_recall': tensor(0.1250), 'macro_recall': tensor(0.1111)}

    """
    def __init__(self, metrics: Union[List[Metric], Tuple[Metric], Dict[str, Metric]]):
        super().__init__()
        if isinstance(metrics, dict):
            # Check all values are metrics
            for name, metric in metrics.items():
                if not isinstance(metric, Metric):
                    raise ValueError(f'Value {metric} belonging to key {name}'
                                     ' is not an instance of `pl.metrics.Metric`')
                self[name] = metric
        elif isinstance(metrics, (tuple, list)):
            for metric in metrics:
                if not isinstance(metric, Metric):
                    raise ValueError(f'Input {metric} to `MetricCollection` is not a instance'
                                     ' of `pl.metrics.Metric`')
                name = metric.__class__.__name__
                if name in self:
                    raise ValueError(f'Encountered two metrics both named {name}')
                self[name] = metric
        else:
            raise ValueError('Unknown input to MetricCollection.')

    def _filter_kwargs(self, metric: Metric, **kwargs):
        """ filter kwargs such that they match the update signature of the metric """
        return {k: v for k, v in kwargs.items() if k in metric._update_signature.parameters.keys()}

    def forward(self, *args, **kwargs) -> Dict[str, Any]:  # pylint: disable=E0202
        """
        Iteratively call forward for each metric. Positional arguments (args) will
        be passed to every metric in the collection, while keyword arguments (kwargs)
        will be filtered based on the signature of the individual metric.
        """
        return {k: m(*args, **self._filter_kwargs(m, **kwargs)) for k, m in self.items()}

    def update(self, *args, **kwargs):  # pylint: disable=E0202
        """
        Iteratively call update for each metric. Positional arguments (args) will
        be passed to every metric in the collection, while keyword arguments (kwargs)
        will be filtered based on the signature of the individual metric.
        """
        for _, m in self.items():
            m_kwargs = self._filter_kwargs(m, **kwargs)
            m.update(*args, **m_kwargs)

    def compute(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        return {k: m.compute() for k, m in self.items()}

    def reset(self):
        """ Iteratively call reset for each metric """
        for _, m in self.items():
            m.reset()

    def clone(self):
        """ Make a copy of the metric collection """
        return deepcopy(self)

    def persistent(self, mode: bool = True):
        """ Method for post-init to change if metric states should be saved to
            its state_dict
        """
        for _, m in self.items():
            m.persistent(mode)