############################################# kombu - Messaging Framework for Python ############################################# :Version: 2.2.0rc2 Synopsis ======== `Kombu` is an `AMQP`_ messaging framework for Python. AMQP is the Advanced Message Queuing Protocol, an open standard protocol for message orientation, queuing, routing, reliability and security. One of the most popular implementations of AMQP is `RabbitMQ`_. The aim of `Kombu` is to make messaging in Python as easy as possible by providing an idiomatic high-level interface for the AMQP protocol, and also provide proven and tested solutions to common messaging problems. Features ======== * Allows application authors to support several message server solutions by using pluggable transports. * AMQP transports for both the `amqplib`_ (sync) and `pika`_ (sync + async) clients. * Fast AMQP transport using `librabbitmq`_, written in C. This is automatically enabled if :mod:`librabbitmq` is installed:: $ pip install librabbitmq * Virtual transports makes it really easy to add support for non-AMQP transports. There is already built-in support for `Redis`_, `Beanstalk`_, `Amazon SQS`_, `CouchDB`_, and `MongoDB`_. * You can also use the SQLAlchemy and Django ORM transports to use a database as the broker. * In-memory transport for unit testing. * Supports automatic encoding, serialization and compression of message payloads. * Consistent exception handling across transports. * The ability to ensure that an operation is performed by gracefully handling connection and channel errors. * Several annoyances with `amqplib`_ has been fixed, like supporting timeouts and the ability to wait for events on more than one channel. * Projects already using `carrot`_ can easily be ported by using a compatibility layer. For an introduction to AMQP you should read the article `Rabbits and warrens`_, and the `Wikipedia article about AMQP`_. .. _`RabbitMQ`: http://www.rabbitmq.com/ .. _`AMQP`: http://amqp.org .. _`Redis`: http://code.google.com/p/redis/ .. _`Amazon SQS`: http://aws.amazon.com/sqs/ .. _`MongoDB`: http://www.mongodb.org/ .. _`CouchDB`: http://couchdb.apache.org/ .. _`Beanstalk`: http://kr.github.com/beanstalkd/ .. _`Rabbits and warrens`: http://blogs.digitar.com/jjww/2009/01/rabbits-and-warrens/ .. _`amqplib`: http://barryp.org/software/py-amqplib/ .. _`pika`: http://github.com/pika/pika .. _`Wikipedia article about AMQP`: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMQP .. _`carrot`: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/carrot/ .. _`librabbitmq`: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/librabbitmq Transport Comparison ==================== +---------------+----------+------------+------------+---------------+ | **Client** | **Type** | **Direct** | **Topic** | **Fanout** | +---------------+----------+------------+------------+---------------+ | *amqplib* | Native | Yes | Yes | Yes | +---------------+----------+------------+------------+---------------+ | *pika* | Native | Yes | Yes | Yes | +---------------+----------+------------+------------+---------------+ | *redis* | Virtual | Yes | Yes | Yes (PUB/SUB) | +---------------+----------+------------+------------+---------------+ | *mongodb* | Virtual | Yes | Yes | Yes | +---------------+----------+------------+------------+---------------+ | *beanstalk* | Virtual | Yes | Yes [#f1]_ | No | +---------------+----------+------------+------------+---------------+ | *SQS* | Virtual | Yes | Yes [#f1]_ | Yes [#f2]_ | +---------------+----------+------------+------------+---------------+ | *couchdb* | Virtual | Yes | Yes [#f1]_ | No | +---------------+----------+------------+------------+---------------+ | *in-memory* | Virtual | Yes | Yes [#f1]_ | No | +---------------+----------+------------+------------+---------------+ | *django* | Virtual | Yes | Yes [#f1]_ | No | +---------------+----------+------------+------------+---------------+ | *sqlalchemy* | Virtual | Yes | Yes [#f1]_ | No | +---------------+----------+------------+------------+---------------+ .. [#f1] Declarations only kept in memory, so exchanges/queues must be declared by all clients that needs them. .. [#f2] Fanout supported via storing routing tables in SimpleDB. Disabled by default, but can be enabled by using the ``supports_fanout`` transport option. Documentation ------------- Kombu is using Sphinx, and the latest documentation can be found here: http://kombu.readthedocs.org/ Quick overview -------------- :: from kombu import BrokerConnection, Exchange, Queue media_exchange = Exchange("media", "direct", durable=True) video_queue = Queue("video", exchange=media_exchange, routing_key="video") def process_media(body, message): print body message.ack() # connections with BrokerConnection("amqp://guest:guest@localhost//") as conn: # Declare the video queue so that the messages can be delivered. # It is a best practice in Kombu to have both publishers and # consumers declare the queue. video_queue(conn.channel()).declare() # produce with conn.Producer(exchange=media_exchange, serializer="json", routing_key="video") as producer: producer.publish({"name": "/tmp/lolcat1.avi", "size": 1301013}) # consume with conn.Consumer(video_queue, callbacks=[process_media]) as consumer: # Process messages and handle events on all channels while True: conn.drain_events() # Consume from several queues on the same channel: video_queue = Queue("video", exchange=media_exchange, key="video") image_queue = Queue("image", exchange=media_exchange, key="image") with connection.Consumer([video_queue, image_queue], callbacks=[process_media]) as consumer: while True: connection.drain_events() Or handle channels manually:: with connection.channel() as channel: producer = Producer(channel, ...) consumer = Producer(channel) All objects can be used outside of with statements too, just remember to close the objects after use:: from kombu import BrokerConnection, Consumer, Producer connection = BrokerConnection() # ... connection.close() consumer = Consumer(channel_or_connection, ...) consumer.register_callback(my_callback) consumer.consume() # .... consumer.cancel() producer = Producer(channel_or_connection, ...) # .... producer.close() `Exchange` and `Queue` are simply declarations that can be pickled and used in configuration files etc. They also support operations, but to do so they need to be bound to a channel: :: >>> exchange = Exchange("tasks", "direct") >>> connection = BrokerConnection() >>> channel = connection.channel() >>> bound_exchange = exchange(channel) >>> bound_exchange.delete() # the original exchange is not affected, and stays unbound. >>> exchange.delete() raise NotBoundError: Can't call delete on Exchange not bound to a channel. Installation ============ You can install `Kombu` either via the Python Package Index (PyPI) or from source. To install using `pip`,:: $ pip install kombu To install using `easy_install`,:: $ easy_install kombu If you have downloaded a source tarball you can install it by doing the following,:: $ python setup.py build # python setup.py install # as root Terminology =========== There are some concepts you should be familiar with before starting: * Producers Producers sends messages to an exchange. * Exchanges Messages are sent to exchanges. Exchanges are named and can be configured to use one of several routing algorithms. The exchange routes the messages to consumers by matching the routing key in the message with the routing key the consumer provides when binding to the exchange. * Consumers Consumers declares a queue, binds it to a exchange and receives messages from it. * Queues Queues receive messages sent to exchanges. The queues are declared by consumers. * Routing keys Every message has a routing key. The interpretation of the routing key depends on the exchange type. There are four default exchange types defined by the AMQP standard, and vendors can define custom types (so see your vendors manual for details). These are the default exchange types defined by AMQP/0.8: * Direct exchange Matches if the routing key property of the message and the `routing_key` attribute of the consumer are identical. * Fan-out exchange Always matches, even if the binding does not have a routing key. * Topic exchange Matches the routing key property of the message by a primitive pattern matching scheme. The message routing key then consists of words separated by dots (`"."`, like domain names), and two special characters are available; star (`"*"`) and hash (`"#"`). The star matches any word, and the hash matches zero or more words. For example `"*.stock.#"` matches the routing keys `"usd.stock"` and `"eur.stock.db"` but not `"stock.nasdaq"`. Getting Help ============ Mailing list ------------ Join the `carrot-users`_ mailing list. .. _`carrot-users`: http://groups.google.com/group/carrot-users/ Bug tracker =========== If you have any suggestions, bug reports or annoyances please report them to our issue tracker at http://github.com/celery/kombu/issues/ Contributing ============ Development of `Kombu` happens at Github: http://github.com/celery/kombu You are highly encouraged to participate in the development. If you don't like Github (for some reason) you're welcome to send regular patches. License ======= This software is licensed under the `New BSD License`. See the `LICENSE` file in the top distribution directory for the full license text.