diff --git a/drogon_ctl/templates/model_cc.csp b/drogon_ctl/templates/model_cc.csp
index 3d06d2ce..893c4182 100644
--- a/drogon_ctl/templates/model_cc.csp
+++ b/drogon_ctl/templates/model_cc.csp
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ const std::string &[[className]]::getColumnName(size_t index) noexcept(false)
     assert(index < metaData_.size());
     return metaData_[index].colName_;
 }
-[[className]]::[[className]](const Row &r, const ssize_t indexOffset) noexcept
+[[className]]::[[className]](const drogon::orm::Row &r, const ssize_t indexOffset) noexcept
 {
     if(indexOffset < 0)
     {
diff --git a/drogon_ctl/templates/model_h.csp b/drogon_ctl/templates/model_h.csp
index 16ef8a72..6fd04bae 100644
--- a/drogon_ctl/templates/model_h.csp
+++ b/drogon_ctl/templates/model_h.csp
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ using namespace drogon_ctl;
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <iostream>
 
-using namespace drogon::orm;
 namespace drogon
 {
 namespace orm
@@ -129,7 +128,7 @@ auto cols=@@.get<std::vector<ColumnInfo>>("columns");
      * @note If the SQL is not a style of 'select * from table_name ...' (select all 
      * columns by an asterisk), please set the offset to -1.
      */
-    explicit [[className]](const Row &r, const ssize_t indexOffset = 0) noexcept;
+    explicit [[className]](const drogon::orm::Row &r, const ssize_t indexOffset = 0) noexcept;
 
     /**
      * @brief constructor
@@ -297,9 +296,9 @@ auto cols=@@.get<std::vector<ColumnInfo>>("columns");
     }
 %>
   private:
-    friend Mapper<[[className]]>;
+    friend drogon::orm::Mapper<[[className]]>;
 #ifdef __cpp_impl_coroutine
-    friend CoroMapper<[[className]]>;
+    friend drogon::orm::CoroMapper<[[className]]>;
 #endif
     static const std::vector<std::string> &insertColumns() noexcept;
     void outputArgs(drogon::orm::internal::SqlBinder &binder) const;