mirror of https://github.com/python/cpython.git
194 lines
8.2 KiB
TeX
194 lines
8.2 KiB
TeX
\section{Built-in Module \sectcode{sys}}
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\label{module-sys}
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\bimodindex{sys}
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This module provides access to some variables used or maintained by the
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interpreter and to functions that interact strongly with the interpreter.
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It is always available.
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\renewcommand{\indexsubitem}{(in module sys)}
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\begin{datadesc}{argv}
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The list of command line arguments passed to a Python script.
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\code{sys.argv[0]} is the script name (it is operating system
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dependent whether this is a full pathname or not).
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If the command was executed using the \samp{-c} command line option
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to the interpreter, \code{sys.argv[0]} is set to the string
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\code{"-c"}.
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If no script name was passed to the Python interpreter,
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\code{sys.argv} has zero length.
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\end{datadesc}
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\begin{datadesc}{builtin_module_names}
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A tuple of strings giving the names of all modules that are compiled
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into this Python interpreter. (This information is not available in
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any other way --- \code{sys.modules.keys()} only lists the imported
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modules.)
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\end{datadesc}
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\begin{datadesc}{exc_type}
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\dataline{exc_value}
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\dataline{exc_traceback}
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These three variables are not always defined; they are set when an
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exception handler (an \code{except} clause of a \code{try} statement) is
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invoked. Their meaning is: \code{exc_type} gets the exception type of
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the exception being handled; \code{exc_value} gets the exception
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parameter (its \dfn{associated value} or the second argument to
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\code{raise}); \code{exc_traceback} gets a traceback object (see the
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Reference Manual) which
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encapsulates the call stack at the point where the exception
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originally occurred.
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\obindex{traceback}
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\end{datadesc}
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\begin{datadesc}{exec_prefix}
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A string giving the site-specific
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directory prefix where the platform-dependent Python files are
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installed; by default, this is also \code{"/usr/local"}. This can be
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set at build time with the \code{--exec-prefix} argument to the
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\code{configure} script. Specifically, all configuration files
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(e.g. the \code{config.h} header file) are installed in the directory
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\code{sys.exec_prefix+"/lib/python\emph{VER}/config"}, and shared library
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modules are installed in
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\code{sys.exec_prefix+"/lib/python\emph{VER}/sharedmodules"},
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where \emph{VER} is equal to \code{sys.version[:3]}.
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\end{datadesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{exit}{n}
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Exit from Python with numeric exit status \var{n}. This is
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implemented by raising the \code{SystemExit} exception, so cleanup
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actions specified by \code{finally} clauses of \code{try} statements
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are honored, and it is possible to catch the exit attempt at an outer
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level.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{datadesc}{exitfunc}
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This value is not actually defined by the module, but can be set by
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the user (or by a program) to specify a clean-up action at program
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exit. When set, it should be a parameterless function. This function
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will be called when the interpreter exits in any way (except when a
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fatal error occurs: in that case the interpreter's internal state
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cannot be trusted).
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\end{datadesc}
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\begin{datadesc}{last_type}
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\dataline{last_value}
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\dataline{last_traceback}
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These three variables are not always defined; they are set when an
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exception is not handled and the interpreter prints an error message
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and a stack traceback. Their intended use is to allow an interactive
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user to import a debugger module and engage in post-mortem debugging
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without having to re-execute the command that caused the error (which
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may be hard to reproduce). The meaning of the variables is the same
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as that of \code{exc_type}, \code{exc_value} and \code{exc_tracaback},
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respectively.
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\end{datadesc}
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\begin{datadesc}{modules}
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Gives the list of modules that have already been loaded.
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This can be manipulated to force reloading of modules and other tricks.
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\end{datadesc}
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\begin{datadesc}{path}
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A list of strings that specifies the search path for modules.
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Initialized from the environment variable \code{PYTHONPATH}, or an
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installation-dependent default.
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The first item of this list, \code{sys.path[0]}, is the
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directory containing the script that was used to invoke the Python
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interpreter. If the script directory is not available (e.g. if the
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interpreter is invoked interactively or if the script is read from
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standard input), \code{sys.path[0]} is the empty string, which directs
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Python to search modules in the current directory first. Notice that
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the script directory is inserted {\em before} the entries inserted as
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a result of \code{\$PYTHONPATH}.
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\end{datadesc}
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\begin{datadesc}{platform}
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This string contains a platform identifier, e.g. \code{sunos5} or
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\code{linux1}. This can be used to append platform-specific
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components to \code{sys.path}, for instance.
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\end{datadesc}
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\begin{datadesc}{prefix}
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A string giving the site-specific directory prefix where the platform
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independent Python files are installed; by default, this is the string
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\code{"/usr/local"}. This can be set at build time with the
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\code{--prefix} argument to the \code{configure} script. The main
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collection of Python library modules is installed in the directory
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\code{sys.prefix+"/lib/python\emph{VER}"} while the platform
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independent header files (all except \code{config.h}) are stored in
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\code{sys.prefix+"/include/python\emph{VER}"},
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where \emph{VER} is equal to \code{sys.version[:3]}.
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\end{datadesc}
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\begin{datadesc}{ps1}
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\dataline{ps2}
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Strings specifying the primary and secondary prompt of the
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interpreter. These are only defined if the interpreter is in
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interactive mode. Their initial values in this case are
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\code{'>>> '} and \code{'... '}.
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\end{datadesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{setcheckinterval}{interval}
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Set the interpreter's ``check interval''. This integer value
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determines how often the interpreter checks for periodic things such
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as thread switches and signal handlers. The default is 10, meaning
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the check is performed every 10 Python virtual instructions. Setting
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it to a larger value may increase performance for programs using
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threads. Setting it to a value $\leq 0$ checks every virtual instruction,
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maximizing responsiveness as well as overhead.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{settrace}{tracefunc}
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Set the system's trace function, which allows you to implement a
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Python source code debugger in Python. See section ``How It Works''
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in the chapter on the Python Debugger.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\index{trace function}
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\index{debugger}
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\begin{funcdesc}{setprofile}{profilefunc}
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Set the system's profile function, which allows you to implement a
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Python source code profiler in Python. See the chapter on the
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Python Profiler. The system's profile function
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is called similarly to the system's trace function (see
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\code{sys.settrace}), but it isn't called for each executed line of
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code (only on call and return and when an exception occurs). Also,
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its return value is not used, so it can just return \code{None}.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\index{profile function}
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\index{profiler}
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\begin{datadesc}{stdin}
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\dataline{stdout}
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\dataline{stderr}
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File objects corresponding to the interpreter's standard input,
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output and error streams. \code{sys.stdin} is used for all
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interpreter input except for scripts but including calls to
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\code{input()} and \code{raw_input()}. \code{sys.stdout} is used
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for the output of \code{print} and expression statements and for the
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prompts of \code{input()} and \code{raw_input()}. The interpreter's
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own prompts and (almost all of) its error messages go to
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\code{sys.stderr}. \code{sys.stdout} and \code{sys.stderr} needn't
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be built-in file objects: any object is acceptable as long as it has
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a \code{write} method that takes a string argument. (Changing these
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objects doesn't affect the standard I/O streams of processes
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executed by \code{popen()}, \code{system()} or the \code{exec*()}
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family of functions in the \code{os} module.)
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\stmodindex{os}
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\end{datadesc}
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\begin{datadesc}{tracebacklimit}
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When this variable is set to an integer value, it determines the
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maximum number of levels of traceback information printed when an
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unhandled exception occurs. The default is 1000. When set to 0 or
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less, all traceback information is suppressed and only the exception
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type and value are printed.
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\end{datadesc}
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\begin{datadesc}{version}
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A string containing the version number of the Python interpreter.
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\end{datadesc}
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