mirror of https://github.com/python/cpython.git
1611 lines
62 KiB
EmacsLisp
1611 lines
62 KiB
EmacsLisp
;;; Major mode for editing Python programs, version 1.08a+
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;; by: Tim Peters <tim@ksr.com>
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;; after an original idea by: Michael A. Guravage
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;;
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;; Copyright (c) 1992,1993,1994 Tim Peters
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;;
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;; This software is provided as-is, without express or implied warranty.
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;; Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute or sell this software,
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;; without fee, for any purpose and by any individual or organization, is
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;; hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice and this
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;; paragraph appear in all copies.
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;;
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;;
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;; The following statements, placed in your .emacs file or site-init.el,
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;; will cause this file to be autoloaded, and python-mode invoked, when
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;; visiting .py files (assuming the file is in your load-path):
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;;
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;; (autoload 'python-mode "python-mode" "" t)
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;; (setq auto-mode-alist
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;; (cons '("\\.py$" . python-mode) auto-mode-alist))
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(provide 'python-mode)
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;;; Differentiate between Emacs 18, Lucid Emacs, and Emacs 19.
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;;; This seems to be the standard way of checking this.
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(setq py-this-is-lucid-emacs-p (string-match "Lucid" emacs-version))
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(setq py-this-is-emacs-19-p
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(and
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(not py-this-is-lucid-emacs-p)
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(string-match "^19\\." emacs-version)))
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;;; Constants and variables
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(defvar py-python-command "python"
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"*Shell command used to start Python interpreter.")
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(defvar py-indent-offset 8 ; argue with Guido <grin>
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"*Indentation increment.
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Note that `\\[py-guess-indent-offset]' can usually guess a good value when you're
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editing someone else's Python code.")
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(defvar py-continuation-offset 2
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"*Indentation (in addition to py-indent-offset) for continued lines.
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The additional indentation given to the first continuation line in a
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multi-line statement. Each subsequent continuation line in the
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statement inherits its indentation from the line that precedes it, so if
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you don't like the default indentation given to the first continuation
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line, change it to something you do like and Python-mode will
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automatically use that for the remaining continuation lines (or, until
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you change the indentation again).")
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(defvar py-block-comment-prefix "##"
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"*String used by py-comment-region to comment out a block of code.
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This should follow the convention for non-indenting comment lines so
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that the indentation commands won't get confused (i.e., the string
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should be of the form `#x...' where `x' is not a blank or a tab, and
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`...' is arbitrary).")
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(defvar py-scroll-process-buffer t
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"*Scroll Python process buffer as output arrives.
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If nil, the Python process buffer acts, with respect to scrolling, like
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Shell-mode buffers normally act. This is surprisingly complicated and
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so won't be explained here; in fact, you can't get the whole story
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without studying the Emacs C code.
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If non-nil, the behavior is different in two respects (which are
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slightly inaccurate in the interest of brevity):
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- If the buffer is in a window, and you left point at its end, the
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window will scroll as new output arrives, and point will move to the
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buffer's end, even if the window is not the selected window (that
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being the one the cursor is in). The usual behavior for shell-mode
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windows is not to scroll, and to leave point where it was, if the
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buffer is in a window other than the selected window.
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- If the buffer is not visible in any window, and you left point at
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its end, the buffer will be popped into a window as soon as more
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output arrives. This is handy if you have a long-running
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computation and don't want to tie up screen area waiting for the
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output. The usual behavior for a shell-mode buffer is to stay
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invisible until you explicitly visit it.
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Note the `and if you left point at its end' clauses in both of the
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above: you can `turn off' the special behaviors while output is in
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progress, by visiting the Python buffer and moving point to anywhere
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besides the end. Then the buffer won't scroll, point will remain where
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you leave it, and if you hide the buffer it will stay hidden until you
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visit it again. You can enable and disable the special behaviors as
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often as you like, while output is in progress, by (respectively) moving
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point to, or away from, the end of the buffer.
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Warning: If you expect a large amount of output, you'll probably be
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happier setting this option to nil.
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Obscure: `End of buffer' above should really say `at or beyond the
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process mark', but if you know what that means you didn't need to be
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told <grin>.")
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(defvar py-temp-directory
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(let ( (ok '(lambda (x)
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(and x
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(setq x (expand-file-name x)) ; always true
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(file-directory-p x)
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(file-writable-p x)
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x))))
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(or (funcall ok (getenv "TMPDIR"))
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(funcall ok "/usr/tmp")
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(funcall ok "/tmp")
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(funcall ok ".")
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(error
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"Couldn't find a usable temp directory -- set py-temp-directory")))
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"*Directory used for temp files created by a *Python* process.
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By default, the first directory from this list that exists and that you
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can write into: the value (if any) of the environment variable TMPDIR,
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/usr/tmp, /tmp, or the current directory.")
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;; have to bind py-file-queue before installing the kill-emacs hook
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(defvar py-file-queue nil
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"Queue of Python temp files awaiting execution.
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Currently-active file is at the head of the list.")
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;; define a mode-specific abbrev table for those who use such things
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(defvar python-mode-abbrev-table nil
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"Abbrev table in use in python-mode buffers.")
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(define-abbrev-table 'python-mode-abbrev-table nil)
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;; arrange to kill temp files no matter what
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(if py-this-is-emacs-19-p
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(add-hook 'kill-emacs-hook 'py-kill-emacs-hook)
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;; have to trust that other people are as respectful of our hook
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;; fiddling as we are of theirs
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(if (boundp 'py-inherited-kill-emacs-hook)
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;; we were loaded before -- trust others not to have screwed us
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;; in the meantime (no choice, really)
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nil
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;; else arrange for our hook to run theirs
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(setq py-inherited-kill-emacs-hook kill-emacs-hook)
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(setq kill-emacs-hook 'py-kill-emacs-hook)))
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(defvar py-beep-if-tab-change t
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"*Ring the bell if tab-width is changed.
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If a comment of the form
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\t# vi:set tabsize=<number>:
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is found before the first code line when the file is entered, and
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the current value of (the general Emacs variable) tab-width does not
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equal <number>, tab-width is set to <number>, a message saying so is
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displayed in the echo area, and if py-beep-if-tab-change is non-nil the
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Emacs bell is also rung as a warning.")
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(defvar py-mode-map nil "Keymap used in Python mode buffers.")
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(if py-mode-map
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()
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(setq py-mode-map (make-sparse-keymap))
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;; shadow global bindings for newline-and-indent w/ the py- version
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(mapcar (function (lambda (key)
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(define-key
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py-mode-map key 'py-newline-and-indent)))
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(where-is-internal 'newline-and-indent))
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(mapcar (function
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(lambda (x)
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(define-key py-mode-map (car x) (cdr x))))
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'( ("\C-c\C-c" . py-execute-buffer)
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("\C-c|" . py-execute-region)
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("\C-c!" . py-shell)
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("\177" . py-delete-char)
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("\n" . py-newline-and-indent)
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("\C-c:" . py-guess-indent-offset)
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("\C-c\t" . py-indent-region)
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("\C-c<" . py-shift-region-left)
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("\C-c>" . py-shift-region-right)
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("\C-c\C-n" . py-next-statement)
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("\C-c\C-p" . py-previous-statement)
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("\C-c\C-u" . py-goto-block-up)
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("\C-c\C-b" . py-mark-block)
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("\C-c#" . py-comment-region)
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("\C-c?" . py-describe-mode)
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("\C-c\C-hm" . py-describe-mode)
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("\e\C-a" . beginning-of-python-def-or-class)
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("\e\C-e" . end-of-python-def-or-class)
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( "\e\C-h" . mark-python-def-or-class))))
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(defvar py-mode-syntax-table nil "Python mode syntax table")
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(if py-mode-syntax-table
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()
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(setq py-mode-syntax-table (make-syntax-table))
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(mapcar (function
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(lambda (x) (modify-syntax-entry
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(car x) (cdr x) py-mode-syntax-table)))
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'(( ?\( . "()" ) ( ?\) . ")(" )
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( ?\[ . "(]" ) ( ?\] . ")[" )
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( ?\{ . "(}" ) ( ?\} . "){" )
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;; fix operator symbols misassigned in the std table
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( ?\$ . "." ) ( ?\% . "." ) ( ?\& . "." )
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( ?\* . "." ) ( ?\+ . "." ) ( ?\- . "." )
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( ?\/ . "." ) ( ?\< . "." ) ( ?\= . "." )
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( ?\> . "." ) ( ?\| . "." )
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( ?\_ . "w" ) ; underscore is legit in names
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( ?\' . "\"") ; single quote is string quote
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( ?\" . "\"" ) ; double quote is string quote too
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( ?\` . "$") ; backquote is open and close paren
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( ?\# . "<") ; hash starts comment
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( ?\n . ">")))) ; newline ends comment
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(defvar py-nested-indent t
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"*If non-nil, indent nested continuation lines to inside the opening paren")
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(defconst py-stringlit-re "'\\([^'\n\\]\\|\\\\.\\)*'"
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"regexp matching a Python string literal")
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;; this is tricky because a trailing backslash does not mean
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;; continuation if it's in a comment
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(defconst py-continued-re
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(concat
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"\\(" "[^#'\n\\]" "\\|" py-stringlit-re "\\)*"
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"\\\\$")
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"regexp matching Python lines that are continued")
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(defconst py-blank-or-comment-re "[ \t]*\\($\\|#\\)"
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"regexp matching blank or comment lines")
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;;; General Functions
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(defun python-mode ()
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"Major mode for editing Python files.
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Do `\\[py-describe-mode]' for detailed documentation.
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Knows about Python indentation, tokens, comments and continuation lines.
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Paragraphs are separated by blank lines only.
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COMMANDS
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\\{py-mode-map}
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VARIABLES
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py-indent-offset\tindentation increment
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py-continuation-offset\textra indentation given to continuation lines
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py-block-comment-prefix\tcomment string used by py-comment-region
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py-python-command\tshell command to invoke Python interpreter
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py-scroll-process-buffer\talways scroll Python process buffer
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py-temp-directory\tdirectory used for temp files (if needed)
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py-beep-if-tab-change\tring the bell if tab-width is changed"
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(interactive)
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(kill-all-local-variables)
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(setq major-mode 'python-mode
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mode-name "Python"
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local-abbrev-table python-mode-abbrev-table)
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(use-local-map py-mode-map)
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(set-syntax-table py-mode-syntax-table)
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(mapcar (function (lambda (x)
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(make-local-variable (car x))
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(set (car x) (cdr x))))
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'( (paragraph-separate . "^[ \t]*$")
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(paragraph-start . "^[ \t]*$")
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(require-final-newline . t)
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(comment-start . "# ")
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(comment-start-skip . "# *")
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(comment-column . 40)
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(indent-line-function . py-indent-line)))
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;; hack to allow overriding the tabsize in the file (see tokenizer.c)
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;; not sure where the magic comment has to be; to save time searching
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;; for a rarity, we give up if it's not found prior to the first
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;; executable statement
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(let ( (case-fold-search nil)
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(start (point))
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new-tab-width)
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(if (re-search-forward
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"^[ \t]*#[ \t]*vi:set[ \t]+tabsize=\\([0-9]+\\):"
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(prog2 (py-next-statement 1) (point) (goto-char 1))
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t)
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(progn
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(setq new-tab-width
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(string-to-int
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(buffer-substring (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1))))
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(if (= tab-width new-tab-width)
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nil
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(setq tab-width new-tab-width)
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(message "Caution: tab-width changed to %d" new-tab-width)
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(if py-beep-if-tab-change (beep)))))
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(goto-char start))
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(run-hooks 'py-mode-hook))
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;;; Functions that execute Python commands in a subprocess
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(defun py-shell ()
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"Start an interactive Python interpreter in another window.
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This is like Shell mode, except that Python is running in the window
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instead of a shell. See the `Interactive Shell' and `Shell Mode'
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sections of the Emacs manual for details, especially for the key
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bindings active in the `*Python*' buffer.
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See the docs for variable py-scroll-buffer for info on scrolling
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behavior in the process window.
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Warning: Don't use an interactive Python if you change sys.ps1 or
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sys.ps2 from their default values, or if you're running code that prints
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`>>> ' or `... ' at the start of a line. Python mode can't distinguish
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your output from Python's output, and assumes that `>>> ' at the start
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of a line is a prompt from Python. Similarly, the Emacs Shell mode code
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assumes that both `>>> ' and `... ' at the start of a line are Python
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prompts. Bad things can happen if you fool either mode.
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Warning: If you do any editing *in* the process buffer *while* the
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buffer is accepting output from Python, do NOT attempt to `undo' the
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changes. Some of the output (nowhere near the parts you changed!) may
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be lost if you do. This appears to be an Emacs bug, an unfortunate
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interaction between undo and process filters; the same problem exists in
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non-Python process buffers using the default (Emacs-supplied) process
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filter."
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(interactive)
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(if py-this-is-emacs-19-p
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(progn
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(require 'comint)
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(switch-to-buffer-other-window
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(make-comint "Python" py-python-command)))
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(progn
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(require 'shell)
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(switch-to-buffer-other-window
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(make-shell "Python" py-python-command))))
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(make-local-variable 'shell-prompt-pattern)
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(setq shell-prompt-pattern "^>>> \\|^\\.\\.\\. ")
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(set-process-filter (get-buffer-process (current-buffer))
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'py-process-filter)
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(set-syntax-table py-mode-syntax-table))
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(defun py-execute-region (start end)
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"Send the region between START and END to a Python interpreter.
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If there is a *Python* process it is used.
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Hint: If you want to execute part of a Python file several times (e.g.,
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perhaps you're developing a function and want to flesh it out a bit at a
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time), use `\\[narrow-to-region]' to restrict the buffer to the region of interest,
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and send the code to a *Python* process via `\\[py-execute-buffer]' instead.
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Following are subtleties to note when using a *Python* process:
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If a *Python* process is used, the region is copied into a temp file (in
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directory py-temp-directory), and an `execfile' command is sent to
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Python naming that file. If you send regions faster than Python can
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execute them, Python mode will save them into distinct temp files, and
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execute the next one in the queue the next time it sees a `>>> ' prompt
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from Python. Each time this happens, the process buffer is popped into
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a window (if it's not already in some window) so you can see it, and a
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comment of the form
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\t## working on region in file <name> ...
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is inserted at the end.
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Caution: No more than 26 regions can be pending at any given time. This
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limit is (indirectly) inherited from libc's mktemp(3). Python mode does
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not try to protect you from exceeding the limit. It's extremely
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unlikely that you'll get anywhere close to the limit in practice, unless
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you're trying to be a jerk <grin>.
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See the `\\[py-shell]' docs for additional warnings."
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(interactive "r")
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(or (< start end) (error "Region is empty"))
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(let ( (pyproc (get-process "Python"))
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fname)
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(if (null pyproc)
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(shell-command-on-region start end py-python-command)
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;; else feed it thru a temp file
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(setq fname (py-make-temp-name))
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(write-region start end fname nil 'no-msg)
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(setq py-file-queue (append py-file-queue (list fname)))
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(if (cdr py-file-queue)
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(message "File %s queued for execution" fname)
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;; else
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(py-execute-file pyproc fname)))))
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(defun py-execute-file (pyproc fname)
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(py-append-to-process-buffer
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pyproc
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(format "## working on region in file %s ...\n" fname))
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(process-send-string pyproc (format "execfile('%s')\n" fname)))
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(defun py-process-filter (pyproc string)
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(let ( (curbuf (current-buffer))
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(pbuf (process-buffer pyproc))
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(pmark (process-mark pyproc))
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file-finished)
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;; make sure we switch to a different buffer at least once. if we
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;; *don't* do this, then if the process buffer is in the selected
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;; window, and point is before the end, and lots of output is coming
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;; at a fast pace, then (a) simple cursor-movement commands like
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;; C-p, C-n, C-f, C-b, C-a, C-e take an incredibly long time to have
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;; a visible effect (the window just doesn't get updated, sometimes
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;; for minutes(!)), and (b) it takes about 5x longer to get all the
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;; process output (until the next python prompt).
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;;
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;; #b makes no sense to me at all. #a almost makes sense: unless we
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;; actually change buffers, set_buffer_internal in buffer.c doesn't
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;; set windows_or_buffers_changed to 1, & that in turn seems to make
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;; the Emacs command loop reluctant to update the display. Perhaps
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;; the default process filter in process.c's read_process_output has
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;; update_mode_lines++ for a similar reason? beats me ...
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(if (eq curbuf pbuf) ; mysterious ugly hack
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(set-buffer (get-buffer-create "*scratch*")))
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(set-buffer pbuf)
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(let* ( (start (point))
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(goback (< start pmark))
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(buffer-read-only nil))
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(goto-char pmark)
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(insert string)
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(move-marker pmark (point))
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(setq file-finished
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(and py-file-queue
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(equal ">>> "
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(buffer-substring
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(prog2 (beginning-of-line) (point)
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(goto-char pmark))
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(point)))))
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(if goback (goto-char start)
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;; else
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(if py-scroll-process-buffer
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(let* ( (pop-up-windows t)
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(pwin (display-buffer pbuf)))
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(set-window-point pwin (point))))))
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(set-buffer curbuf)
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(if file-finished
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(progn
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(py-delete-file-silently (car py-file-queue))
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(setq py-file-queue (cdr py-file-queue))
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(if py-file-queue
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(py-execute-file pyproc (car py-file-queue)))))))
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(defun py-execute-buffer ()
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"Send the contents of the buffer to a Python interpreter.
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If there is a *Python* process buffer it is used. If a clipping
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restriction is in effect, only the accessible portion of the buffer is
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sent. A trailing newline will be supplied if needed.
|
|
|
|
See the `\\[py-execute-region]' docs for an account of some subtleties."
|
|
(interactive)
|
|
(py-execute-region (point-min) (point-max)))
|
|
|
|
|
|
;;; Functions for Python style indentation
|
|
|
|
(defun py-delete-char ()
|
|
"Reduce indentation or delete character.
|
|
If point is at the leftmost column, deletes the preceding newline.
|
|
|
|
Else if point is at the leftmost non-blank character of a line that is
|
|
neither a continuation line nor a non-indenting comment line, or if
|
|
point is at the end of a blank line, reduces the indentation to match
|
|
that of the line that opened the current block of code. The line that
|
|
opened the block is displayed in the echo area to help you keep track of
|
|
where you are.
|
|
|
|
Else the preceding character is deleted, converting a tab to spaces if
|
|
needed so that only a single column position is deleted."
|
|
(interactive "*")
|
|
(if (or (/= (current-indentation) (current-column))
|
|
(bolp)
|
|
(py-continuation-line-p)
|
|
(looking-at "#[^ \t\n]")) ; non-indenting #
|
|
(backward-delete-char-untabify 1)
|
|
;; else indent the same as the colon line that opened the block
|
|
|
|
;; force non-blank so py-goto-block-up doesn't ignore it
|
|
(insert-char ?* 1)
|
|
(backward-char)
|
|
(let ( (base-indent 0) ; indentation of base line
|
|
(base-text "") ; and text of base line
|
|
(base-found-p nil))
|
|
(condition-case nil ; in case no enclosing block
|
|
(save-excursion
|
|
(py-goto-block-up 'no-mark)
|
|
(setq base-indent (current-indentation)
|
|
base-text (py-suck-up-leading-text)
|
|
base-found-p t))
|
|
(error nil))
|
|
(delete-char 1) ; toss the dummy character
|
|
(delete-horizontal-space)
|
|
(indent-to base-indent)
|
|
(if base-found-p
|
|
(message "Closes block: %s" base-text)))))
|
|
|
|
(defun py-indent-line ()
|
|
"Fix the indentation of the current line according to Python rules."
|
|
(interactive)
|
|
(let* ( (ci (current-indentation))
|
|
(move-to-indentation-p (<= (current-column) ci))
|
|
(need (py-compute-indentation)) )
|
|
(if (/= ci need)
|
|
(save-excursion
|
|
(beginning-of-line)
|
|
(delete-horizontal-space)
|
|
(indent-to need)))
|
|
(if move-to-indentation-p (back-to-indentation))))
|
|
|
|
(defun py-newline-and-indent ()
|
|
"Strives to act like the Emacs newline-and-indent.
|
|
This is just `strives to' because correct indentation can't be computed
|
|
from scratch for Python code. In general, deletes the whitespace before
|
|
point, inserts a newline, and takes an educated guess as to how you want
|
|
the new line indented."
|
|
(interactive)
|
|
(let ( (ci (current-indentation)) )
|
|
(if (< ci (current-column)) ; if point beyond indentation
|
|
(newline-and-indent)
|
|
;; else try to act like newline-and-indent "normally" acts
|
|
(beginning-of-line)
|
|
(insert-char ?\n 1)
|
|
(move-to-column ci))))
|
|
|
|
(defun py-compute-indentation ()
|
|
(save-excursion
|
|
(beginning-of-line)
|
|
(cond
|
|
;; are we on a continuation line?
|
|
( (py-continuation-line-p)
|
|
(let ((nest (and py-nested-indent (py-nesting-level))))
|
|
(if nest
|
|
(save-excursion
|
|
(goto-char nest)
|
|
(beginning-of-line)
|
|
(1+ (- nest (point))))
|
|
(forward-line -1)
|
|
(if (py-continuation-line-p) ; on at least 3rd line in block
|
|
(current-indentation) ; so just continue the pattern
|
|
;; else on 2nd line in block, so indent more
|
|
(+ (current-indentation) py-indent-offset
|
|
py-continuation-offset)))))
|
|
;; not on a continuation line
|
|
|
|
;; if at start of restriction, or on a non-indenting comment line,
|
|
;; assume they intended whatever's there
|
|
( (or (bobp) (looking-at "[ \t]*#[^ \t\n]"))
|
|
(current-indentation) )
|
|
|
|
;; else indentation based on that of the statement that precedes
|
|
;; us; use the first line of that statement to establish the base,
|
|
;; in case the user forced a non-std indentation for the
|
|
;; continuation lines (if any)
|
|
( t
|
|
;; skip back over blank & non-indenting comment lines
|
|
;; note: will skip a blank or non-indenting comment line that
|
|
;; happens to be a continuation line too
|
|
(re-search-backward "^[ \t]*\\([^ \t\n#]\\|#[ \t\n]\\)"
|
|
nil 'move)
|
|
(py-goto-initial-line)
|
|
(if (py-statement-opens-block-p)
|
|
(+ (current-indentation) py-indent-offset)
|
|
(current-indentation))))))
|
|
|
|
(defun py-guess-indent-offset (&optional global)
|
|
"Guess a good value for, and change, py-indent-offset.
|
|
By default (without a prefix arg), makes a buffer-local copy of
|
|
py-indent-offset with the new value. This will not affect any other
|
|
Python buffers. With a prefix arg, changes the global value of
|
|
py-indent-offset. This affects all Python buffers (that don't have
|
|
their own buffer-local copy), both those currently existing and those
|
|
created later in the Emacs session.
|
|
|
|
Some people use a different value for py-indent-offset than you use.
|
|
There's no excuse for such foolishness, but sometimes you have to deal
|
|
with their ugly code anyway. This function examines the file and sets
|
|
py-indent-offset to what it thinks it was when they created the mess.
|
|
|
|
Specifically, it searches forward from the statement containing point,
|
|
looking for a line that opens a block of code. py-indent-offset is set
|
|
to the difference in indentation between that line and the Python
|
|
statement following it. If the search doesn't succeed going forward,
|
|
it's tried again going backward."
|
|
(interactive "P") ; raw prefix arg
|
|
(let ( new-value
|
|
(start (point))
|
|
restart
|
|
(found nil)
|
|
colon-indent)
|
|
(py-goto-initial-line)
|
|
(while (not (or found (eobp)))
|
|
(if (re-search-forward ":[ \t]*\\($\\|[#\\]\\)" nil 'move)
|
|
(progn
|
|
(setq restart (point))
|
|
(py-goto-initial-line)
|
|
(if (py-statement-opens-block-p)
|
|
(setq found t)
|
|
(goto-char restart)))))
|
|
(if found
|
|
()
|
|
(goto-char start)
|
|
(py-goto-initial-line)
|
|
(while (not (or found (bobp)))
|
|
(setq found
|
|
(and
|
|
(re-search-backward ":[ \t]*\\($\\|[#\\]\\)" nil 'move)
|
|
(or (py-goto-initial-line) t) ; always true -- side effect
|
|
(py-statement-opens-block-p)))))
|
|
(setq colon-indent (current-indentation)
|
|
found (and found (zerop (py-next-statement 1)))
|
|
new-value (- (current-indentation) colon-indent))
|
|
(goto-char start)
|
|
(if found
|
|
(progn
|
|
(funcall (if global 'kill-local-variable 'make-local-variable)
|
|
'py-indent-offset)
|
|
(setq py-indent-offset new-value)
|
|
(message "%s value of py-indent-offset set to %d"
|
|
(if global "Global" "Local")
|
|
py-indent-offset))
|
|
(error "Sorry, couldn't guess a value for py-indent-offset"))))
|
|
|
|
(defun py-shift-region (start end count)
|
|
(save-excursion
|
|
(goto-char end) (beginning-of-line) (setq end (point))
|
|
(goto-char start) (beginning-of-line) (setq start (point))
|
|
(indent-rigidly start end count)))
|
|
|
|
(defun py-shift-region-left (start end &optional count)
|
|
"Shift region of Python code to the left.
|
|
The lines from the line containing the start of the current region up
|
|
to (but not including) the line containing the end of the region are
|
|
shifted to the left, by py-indent-offset columns.
|
|
|
|
If a prefix argument is given, the region is instead shifted by that
|
|
many columns."
|
|
(interactive "*r\nP") ; region; raw prefix arg
|
|
(py-shift-region start end
|
|
(- (prefix-numeric-value
|
|
(or count py-indent-offset)))))
|
|
|
|
(defun py-shift-region-right (start end &optional count)
|
|
"Shift region of Python code to the right.
|
|
The lines from the line containing the start of the current region up
|
|
to (but not including) the line containing the end of the region are
|
|
shifted to the right, by py-indent-offset columns.
|
|
|
|
If a prefix argument is given, the region is instead shifted by that
|
|
many columns."
|
|
(interactive "*r\nP") ; region; raw prefix arg
|
|
(py-shift-region start end (prefix-numeric-value
|
|
(or count py-indent-offset))))
|
|
|
|
(defun py-indent-region (start end &optional indent-offset)
|
|
"Reindent a region of Python code.
|
|
The lines from the line containing the start of the current region up
|
|
to (but not including) the line containing the end of the region are
|
|
reindented. If the first line of the region has a non-whitespace
|
|
character in the first column, the first line is left alone and the rest
|
|
of the region is reindented with respect to it. Else the entire region
|
|
is reindented with respect to the (closest code or indenting-comment)
|
|
statement immediately preceding the region.
|
|
|
|
This is useful when code blocks are moved or yanked, when enclosing
|
|
control structures are introduced or removed, or to reformat code using
|
|
a new value for the indentation offset.
|
|
|
|
If a numeric prefix argument is given, it will be used as the value of
|
|
the indentation offset. Else the value of py-indent-offset will be
|
|
used.
|
|
|
|
Warning: The region must be consistently indented before this function
|
|
is called! This function does not compute proper indentation from
|
|
scratch (that's impossible in Python), it merely adjusts the existing
|
|
indentation to be correct in context.
|
|
|
|
Warning: This function really has no idea what to do with non-indenting
|
|
comment lines, and shifts them as if they were indenting comment lines.
|
|
Fixing this appears to require telepathy.
|
|
|
|
Special cases: whitespace is deleted from blank lines; continuation
|
|
lines are shifted by the same amount their initial line was shifted, in
|
|
order to preserve their relative indentation with respect to their
|
|
initial line; and comment lines beginning in column 1 are ignored."
|
|
|
|
(interactive "*r\nP") ; region; raw prefix arg
|
|
(save-excursion
|
|
(goto-char end) (beginning-of-line) (setq end (point-marker))
|
|
(goto-char start) (beginning-of-line)
|
|
(let ( (py-indent-offset (prefix-numeric-value
|
|
(or indent-offset py-indent-offset)))
|
|
(indents '(-1)) ; stack of active indent levels
|
|
(target-column 0) ; column to which to indent
|
|
(base-shifted-by 0) ; amount last base line was shifted
|
|
(indent-base (if (looking-at "[ \t\n]")
|
|
(py-compute-indentation)
|
|
0))
|
|
ci)
|
|
(while (< (point) end)
|
|
(setq ci (current-indentation))
|
|
;; figure out appropriate target column
|
|
(cond
|
|
( (or (eq (following-char) ?#) ; comment in column 1
|
|
(looking-at "[ \t]*$")) ; entirely blank
|
|
(setq target-column 0))
|
|
( (py-continuation-line-p) ; shift relative to base line
|
|
(setq target-column (+ ci base-shifted-by)))
|
|
(t ; new base line
|
|
(if (> ci (car indents)) ; going deeper; push it
|
|
(setq indents (cons ci indents))
|
|
;; else we should have seen this indent before
|
|
(setq indents (memq ci indents)) ; pop deeper indents
|
|
(if (null indents)
|
|
(error "Bad indentation in region, at line %d"
|
|
(save-restriction
|
|
(widen)
|
|
(1+ (count-lines 1 (point)))))))
|
|
(setq target-column (+ indent-base
|
|
(* py-indent-offset
|
|
(- (length indents) 2))))
|
|
(setq base-shifted-by (- target-column ci))))
|
|
;; shift as needed
|
|
(if (/= ci target-column)
|
|
(progn
|
|
(delete-horizontal-space)
|
|
(indent-to target-column)))
|
|
(forward-line 1))))
|
|
(set-marker end nil))
|
|
|
|
;;; Functions for moving point
|
|
|
|
(defun py-previous-statement (count)
|
|
"Go to the start of previous Python statement.
|
|
If the statement at point is the i'th Python statement, goes to the
|
|
start of statement i-COUNT. If there is no such statement, goes to the
|
|
first statement. Returns count of statements left to move.
|
|
`Statements' do not include blank, comment, or continuation lines."
|
|
(interactive "p") ; numeric prefix arg
|
|
(if (< count 0) (py-next-statement (- count))
|
|
(py-goto-initial-line)
|
|
(let ( start )
|
|
(while (and
|
|
(setq start (point)) ; always true -- side effect
|
|
(> count 0)
|
|
(zerop (forward-line -1))
|
|
(py-goto-statement-at-or-above))
|
|
(setq count (1- count)))
|
|
(if (> count 0) (goto-char start)))
|
|
count))
|
|
|
|
(defun py-next-statement (count)
|
|
"Go to the start of next Python statement.
|
|
If the statement at point is the i'th Python statement, goes to the
|
|
start of statement i+COUNT. If there is no such statement, goes to the
|
|
last statement. Returns count of statements left to move. `Statements'
|
|
do not include blank, comment, or continuation lines."
|
|
(interactive "p") ; numeric prefix arg
|
|
(if (< count 0) (py-previous-statement (- count))
|
|
(beginning-of-line)
|
|
(let ( start )
|
|
(while (and
|
|
(setq start (point)) ; always true -- side effect
|
|
(> count 0)
|
|
(py-goto-statement-below))
|
|
(setq count (1- count)))
|
|
(if (> count 0) (goto-char start)))
|
|
count))
|
|
|
|
(defun py-goto-block-up (&optional nomark)
|
|
"Move up to start of current block.
|
|
Go to the statement that starts the smallest enclosing block; roughly
|
|
speaking, this will be the closest preceding statement that ends with a
|
|
colon and is indented less than the statement you started on. If
|
|
successful, also sets the mark to the starting point.
|
|
|
|
`\\[py-mark-block]' can be used afterward to mark the whole code block, if desired.
|
|
|
|
If called from a program, the mark will not be set if optional argument
|
|
NOMARK is not nil."
|
|
(interactive)
|
|
(let ( (start (point))
|
|
(found nil)
|
|
initial-indent)
|
|
(py-goto-initial-line)
|
|
;; if on blank or non-indenting comment line, use the preceding stmt
|
|
(if (looking-at "[ \t]*\\($\\|#[^ \t\n]\\)")
|
|
(progn
|
|
(py-goto-statement-at-or-above)
|
|
(setq found (py-statement-opens-block-p))))
|
|
;; search back for colon line indented less
|
|
(setq initial-indent (current-indentation))
|
|
(if (zerop initial-indent)
|
|
;; force fast exit
|
|
(goto-char (point-min)))
|
|
(while (not (or found (bobp)))
|
|
(setq found
|
|
(and
|
|
(re-search-backward ":[ \t]*\\($\\|[#\\]\\)" nil 'move)
|
|
(or (py-goto-initial-line) t) ; always true -- side effect
|
|
(< (current-indentation) initial-indent)
|
|
(py-statement-opens-block-p))))
|
|
(if found
|
|
(progn
|
|
(or nomark (push-mark start))
|
|
(back-to-indentation))
|
|
(goto-char start)
|
|
(error "Enclosing block not found"))))
|
|
|
|
(defun beginning-of-python-def-or-class (&optional class)
|
|
"Move point to start of def (or class, with prefix arg).
|
|
|
|
Searches back for the closest preceding `def'. If you supply a prefix
|
|
arg, looks for a `class' instead. The docs assume the `def' case; just
|
|
substitute `class' for `def' for the other case.
|
|
|
|
If point is in a def statement already, and after the `d', simply moves
|
|
point to the start of the statement.
|
|
|
|
Else (point is not in a def statement, or at or before the `d' of a def
|
|
statement), searches for the closest preceding def statement, and leaves
|
|
point at its start. If no such statement can be found, leaves point at
|
|
the start of the buffer.
|
|
|
|
Returns t iff a def statement is found by these rules.
|
|
|
|
Note that doing this command repeatedly will take you closer to the start
|
|
of the buffer each time.
|
|
|
|
If you want to mark the current def/class, see `\\[mark-python-def-or-class]'."
|
|
(interactive "P") ; raw prefix arg
|
|
(let ( (at-or-before-p (<= (current-column) (current-indentation)))
|
|
(start-of-line (progn (beginning-of-line) (point)))
|
|
(start-of-stmt (progn (py-goto-initial-line) (point))))
|
|
(if (or (/= start-of-stmt start-of-line)
|
|
(not at-or-before-p))
|
|
(end-of-line)) ; OK to match on this line
|
|
(re-search-backward (if class "^[ \t]*class\\>" "^[ \t]*def\\>")
|
|
nil 'move)))
|
|
|
|
(defun end-of-python-def-or-class (&optional class)
|
|
"Move point beyond end of def (or class, with prefix arg) body.
|
|
|
|
By default, looks for an appropriate `def'. If you supply a prefix arg,
|
|
looks for a `class' instead. The docs assume the `def' case; just
|
|
substitute `class' for `def' for the other case.
|
|
|
|
If point is in a def statement already, this is the def we use.
|
|
|
|
Else if the def found by `\\[beginning-of-python-def-or-class]' contains the statement you
|
|
started on, that's the def we use.
|
|
|
|
Else we search forward for the closest following def, and use that.
|
|
|
|
If a def can be found by these rules, point is moved to the start of the
|
|
line immediately following the def block, and the position of the start
|
|
of the def is returned.
|
|
|
|
Else point is moved to the end of the buffer, and nil is returned.
|
|
|
|
Note that doing this command repeatedly will take you closer to the end
|
|
of the buffer each time.
|
|
|
|
If you want to mark the current def/class, see `\\[mark-python-def-or-class]'."
|
|
(interactive "P") ; raw prefix arg
|
|
(let ( (start (progn (py-goto-initial-line) (point)))
|
|
(which (if class "class" "def"))
|
|
(state 'not-found))
|
|
;; move point to start of appropriate def/class
|
|
(if (looking-at (concat "[ \t]*" which "\\>")) ; already on one
|
|
(setq state 'at-beginning)
|
|
;; else see if beginning-of-python-def-or-class hits container
|
|
(if (and (beginning-of-python-def-or-class class)
|
|
(progn (py-goto-beyond-block)
|
|
(> (point) start)))
|
|
(setq state 'at-end)
|
|
;; else search forward
|
|
(goto-char start)
|
|
(if (re-search-forward (concat "^[ \t]*" which "\\>") nil 'move)
|
|
(progn (setq state 'at-beginning)
|
|
(beginning-of-line)))))
|
|
(cond
|
|
((eq state 'at-beginning) (py-goto-beyond-block) t)
|
|
((eq state 'at-end) t)
|
|
((eq state 'not-found) nil)
|
|
(t (error "internal error in end-of-python-def-or-class")))))
|
|
|
|
;;; Functions for marking regions
|
|
|
|
(defun py-mark-block (&optional extend just-move)
|
|
"Mark following block of lines. With prefix arg, mark structure.
|
|
Easier to use than explain. It sets the region to an `interesting'
|
|
block of succeeding lines. If point is on a blank line, it goes down to
|
|
the next non-blank line. That will be the start of the region. The end
|
|
of the region depends on the kind of line at the start:
|
|
|
|
- If a comment, the region will include all succeeding comment lines up
|
|
to (but not including) the next non-comment line (if any).
|
|
|
|
- Else if a prefix arg is given, and the line begins one of these
|
|
structures:
|
|
\tif elif else try except finally for while def class
|
|
the region will be set to the body of the structure, including
|
|
following blocks that `belong' to it, but excluding trailing blank
|
|
and comment lines. E.g., if on a `try' statement, the `try' block
|
|
and all (if any) of the following `except' and `finally' blocks that
|
|
belong to the `try' structure will be in the region. Ditto for
|
|
if/elif/else, for/else and while/else structures, and (a bit
|
|
degenerate, since they're always one-block structures) def and class
|
|
blocks.
|
|
|
|
- Else if no prefix argument is given, and the line begins a Python
|
|
block (see list above), and the block is not a `one-liner' (i.e., the
|
|
statement ends with a colon, not with code), the region will include
|
|
all succeeding lines up to (but not including) the next code
|
|
statement (if any) that's indented no more than the starting line,
|
|
except that trailing blank and comment lines are excluded. E.g., if
|
|
the starting line begins a multi-statement `def' structure, the
|
|
region will be set to the full function definition, but without any
|
|
trailing `noise' lines.
|
|
|
|
- Else the region will include all succeeding lines up to (but not
|
|
including) the next blank line, or code or indenting-comment line
|
|
indented strictly less than the starting line. Trailing indenting
|
|
comment lines are included in this case, but not trailing blank
|
|
lines.
|
|
|
|
A msg identifying the location of the mark is displayed in the echo
|
|
area; or do `\\[exchange-point-and-mark]' to flip down to the end.
|
|
|
|
If called from a program, optional argument EXTEND plays the role of the
|
|
prefix arg, and if optional argument JUST-MOVE is not nil, just moves to
|
|
the end of the block (& does not set mark or display a msg)."
|
|
|
|
(interactive "P") ; raw prefix arg
|
|
(py-goto-initial-line)
|
|
;; skip over blank lines
|
|
(while (and
|
|
(looking-at "[ \t]*$") ; while blank line
|
|
(not (eobp))) ; & somewhere to go
|
|
(forward-line 1))
|
|
(if (eobp)
|
|
(error "Hit end of buffer without finding a non-blank stmt"))
|
|
(let ( (initial-pos (point))
|
|
(initial-indent (current-indentation))
|
|
last-pos ; position of last stmt in region
|
|
(followers
|
|
'( (if elif else) (elif elif else) (else)
|
|
(try except finally) (except except) (finally)
|
|
(for else) (while else)
|
|
(def) (class) ) )
|
|
first-symbol next-symbol)
|
|
|
|
(cond
|
|
;; if comment line, suck up the following comment lines
|
|
((looking-at "[ \t]*#")
|
|
(re-search-forward "^[ \t]*[^ \t#]" nil 'move) ; look for non-comment
|
|
(re-search-backward "^[ \t]*#") ; and back to last comment in block
|
|
(setq last-pos (point)))
|
|
|
|
;; else if line is a block line and EXTEND given, suck up
|
|
;; the whole structure
|
|
((and extend
|
|
(setq first-symbol (py-suck-up-first-keyword) )
|
|
(assq first-symbol followers))
|
|
(while (and
|
|
(or (py-goto-beyond-block) t) ; side effect
|
|
(forward-line -1) ; side effect
|
|
(setq last-pos (point)) ; side effect
|
|
(py-goto-statement-below)
|
|
(= (current-indentation) initial-indent)
|
|
(setq next-symbol (py-suck-up-first-keyword))
|
|
(memq next-symbol (cdr (assq first-symbol followers))))
|
|
(setq first-symbol next-symbol)))
|
|
|
|
;; else if line *opens* a block, search for next stmt indented <=
|
|
((py-statement-opens-block-p)
|
|
(while (and
|
|
(setq last-pos (point)) ; always true -- side effect
|
|
(py-goto-statement-below)
|
|
(> (current-indentation) initial-indent))
|
|
nil))
|
|
|
|
;; else plain code line; stop at next blank line, or stmt or
|
|
;; indenting comment line indented <
|
|
(t
|
|
(while (and
|
|
(setq last-pos (point)) ; always true -- side effect
|
|
(or (py-goto-beyond-final-line) t)
|
|
(not (looking-at "[ \t]*$")) ; stop at blank line
|
|
(or
|
|
(>= (current-indentation) initial-indent)
|
|
(looking-at "[ \t]*#[^ \t\n]"))) ; ignore non-indenting #
|
|
nil)))
|
|
|
|
;; skip to end of last stmt
|
|
(goto-char last-pos)
|
|
(py-goto-beyond-final-line)
|
|
|
|
;; set mark & display
|
|
(if just-move
|
|
() ; just return
|
|
(push-mark (point) 'no-msg)
|
|
(forward-line -1)
|
|
(message "Mark set after: %s" (py-suck-up-leading-text))
|
|
(goto-char initial-pos))))
|
|
|
|
(defun mark-python-def-or-class (&optional class)
|
|
"Set region to body of def (or class, with prefix arg) enclosing point.
|
|
Pushes the current mark, then point, on the mark ring (all language
|
|
modes do this, but although it's handy it's never documented ...).
|
|
|
|
In most Emacs language modes, this function bears at least a
|
|
hallucinogenic resemblance to `\\[end-of-python-def-or-class]' and `\\[beginning-of-python-def-or-class]'.
|
|
|
|
And in earlier versions of Python mode, all 3 were tightly connected.
|
|
Turned out that was more confusing than useful: the `goto start' and
|
|
`goto end' commands are usually used to search through a file, and people
|
|
expect them to act a lot like `search backward' and `search forward'
|
|
string-search commands. But because Python `def' and `class' can nest to
|
|
arbitrary levels, finding the smallest def containing point cannot be
|
|
done via a simple backward search: the def containing point may not be
|
|
the closest preceding def, or even the closest preceding def that's
|
|
indented less. The fancy algorithm required is appropriate for the usual
|
|
uses of this `mark' command, but not for the `goto' variations.
|
|
|
|
So the def marked by this command may not be the one either of the `goto'
|
|
commands find: If point is on a blank or non-indenting comment line,
|
|
moves back to start of the closest preceding code statement or indenting
|
|
comment line. If this is a `def' statement, that's the def we use. Else
|
|
searches for the smallest enclosing `def' block and uses that. Else
|
|
signals an error.
|
|
|
|
When an enclosing def is found: The mark is left immediately beyond the
|
|
last line of the def block. Point is left at the start of the def,
|
|
except that: if the def is preceded by a number of comment lines
|
|
followed by (at most) one optional blank line, point is left at the start
|
|
of the comments; else if the def is preceded by a blank line, point is
|
|
left at its start.
|
|
|
|
The intent is to mark the containing def/class and its associated
|
|
documentation, to make moving and duplicating functions and classes
|
|
pleasant."
|
|
(interactive "P") ; raw prefix arg
|
|
(let ( (start (point))
|
|
(which (if class "class" "def")))
|
|
(push-mark start)
|
|
(if (not (py-go-up-tree-to-keyword which))
|
|
(progn (goto-char start)
|
|
(error "Enclosing %s not found" which))
|
|
;; else enclosing def/class found
|
|
(setq start (point))
|
|
(py-goto-beyond-block)
|
|
(push-mark (point))
|
|
(goto-char start)
|
|
(if (zerop (forward-line -1)) ; if there is a preceding line
|
|
(progn
|
|
(if (looking-at "[ \t]*$") ; it's blank
|
|
(setq start (point)) ; so reset start point
|
|
(goto-char start)) ; else try again
|
|
(if (zerop (forward-line -1))
|
|
(if (looking-at "[ \t]*#") ; a comment
|
|
;; look back for non-comment line
|
|
;; tricky: note that the regexp matches a blank
|
|
;; line, cuz \n is in the 2nd character class
|
|
(and
|
|
(re-search-backward "^[ \t]*[^ \t#]" nil 'move)
|
|
(forward-line 1))
|
|
;; no comment, so go back
|
|
(goto-char start))))))))
|
|
|
|
(defun py-comment-region (start end &optional uncomment-p)
|
|
"Comment out region of code; with prefix arg, uncomment region.
|
|
The lines from the line containing the start of the current region up
|
|
to (but not including) the line containing the end of the region are
|
|
commented out, by inserting the string py-block-comment-prefix at the
|
|
start of each line. With a prefix arg, removes py-block-comment-prefix
|
|
from the start of each line instead."
|
|
(interactive "*r\nP") ; region; raw prefix arg
|
|
(goto-char end) (beginning-of-line) (setq end (point))
|
|
(goto-char start) (beginning-of-line) (setq start (point))
|
|
(let ( (prefix-len (length py-block-comment-prefix)) )
|
|
(save-excursion
|
|
(save-restriction
|
|
(narrow-to-region start end)
|
|
(while (not (eobp))
|
|
(if uncomment-p
|
|
(and (string= py-block-comment-prefix
|
|
(buffer-substring
|
|
(point) (+ (point) prefix-len)))
|
|
(delete-char prefix-len))
|
|
(insert py-block-comment-prefix))
|
|
(forward-line 1))))))
|
|
|
|
;;; Documentation functions
|
|
|
|
;; dump the long form of the mode blurb; does the usual doc escapes,
|
|
;; plus lines of the form ^[vc]:name$ to suck variable & command
|
|
;; docs out of the right places, along with the keys they're on &
|
|
;; current values
|
|
(defun py-dump-help-string (str)
|
|
(with-output-to-temp-buffer "*Help*"
|
|
(let ( (locals (buffer-local-variables))
|
|
funckind funcname func funcdoc
|
|
(start 0) mstart end
|
|
keys )
|
|
(while (string-match "^%\\([vc]\\):\\(.+\\)\n" str start)
|
|
(setq mstart (match-beginning 0) end (match-end 0)
|
|
funckind (substring str (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1))
|
|
funcname (substring str (match-beginning 2) (match-end 2))
|
|
func (intern funcname))
|
|
(princ (substitute-command-keys (substring str start mstart)))
|
|
(cond
|
|
( (equal funckind "c") ; command
|
|
(setq funcdoc (documentation func)
|
|
keys (concat
|
|
"Key(s): "
|
|
(mapconcat 'key-description
|
|
(where-is-internal func py-mode-map)
|
|
", "))))
|
|
( (equal funckind "v") ; variable
|
|
(setq funcdoc (substitute-command-keys
|
|
(get func 'variable-documentation))
|
|
keys (if (assq func locals)
|
|
(concat
|
|
"Local/Global values: "
|
|
(prin1-to-string (symbol-value func))
|
|
" / "
|
|
(prin1-to-string (default-value func)))
|
|
(concat
|
|
"Value: "
|
|
(prin1-to-string (symbol-value func))))))
|
|
( t ; unexpected
|
|
(error "Error in py-dump-help-string, tag `%s'" funckind)))
|
|
(princ (format "\n-> %s:\t%s\t%s\n\n"
|
|
(if (equal funckind "c") "Command" "Variable")
|
|
funcname keys))
|
|
(princ funcdoc)
|
|
(terpri)
|
|
(setq start end))
|
|
(princ (substitute-command-keys (substring str start))))
|
|
(print-help-return-message)))
|
|
|
|
(defun py-describe-mode ()
|
|
"Dump long form of Python-mode docs."
|
|
(interactive)
|
|
(py-dump-help-string "Major mode for editing Python files.
|
|
Knows about Python indentation, tokens, comments and continuation lines.
|
|
Paragraphs are separated by blank lines only.
|
|
|
|
Major sections below begin with the string `@'; specific function and
|
|
variable docs begin with `->'.
|
|
|
|
@EXECUTING PYTHON CODE
|
|
|
|
\\[py-execute-buffer]\tsends the entire buffer to the Python interpreter
|
|
\\[py-execute-region]\tsends the current region
|
|
\\[py-shell]\tstarts a Python interpreter window; this will be used by
|
|
\tsubsequent \\[py-execute-buffer] or \\[py-execute-region] commands
|
|
%c:py-execute-buffer
|
|
%c:py-execute-region
|
|
%c:py-shell
|
|
|
|
@VARIABLES
|
|
|
|
py-indent-offset\tindentation increment
|
|
py-continuation-offset\textra indentation given to continuation lines
|
|
py-block-comment-prefix\tcomment string used by py-comment-region
|
|
|
|
py-python-command\tshell command to invoke Python interpreter
|
|
py-scroll-process-buffer\talways scroll Python process buffer
|
|
py-temp-directory\tdirectory used for temp files (if needed)
|
|
|
|
py-beep-if-tab-change\tring the bell if tab-width is changed
|
|
%v:py-indent-offset
|
|
%v:py-continuation-offset
|
|
%v:py-block-comment-prefix
|
|
%v:py-python-command
|
|
%v:py-scroll-process-buffer
|
|
%v:py-temp-directory
|
|
%v:py-beep-if-tab-change
|
|
|
|
@KINDS OF LINES
|
|
|
|
Each physical line in the file is either a `continuation line' (the
|
|
preceding line ends with a backslash that's not part of a comment, or the
|
|
paren/bracket/brace nesting level at the start of the line is non-zero,
|
|
or both) or an `initial line' (everything else).
|
|
|
|
An initial line is in turn a `blank line' (contains nothing except
|
|
possibly blanks or tabs), a `comment line' (leftmost non-blank character
|
|
is `#'), or a `code line' (everything else).
|
|
|
|
Comment Lines
|
|
|
|
Although all comment lines are treated alike by Python, Python mode
|
|
recognizes two kinds that act differently with respect to indentation.
|
|
|
|
An `indenting comment line' is a comment line with a blank, tab or
|
|
nothing after the initial `#'. The indentation commands (see below)
|
|
treat these exactly as if they were code lines: a line following an
|
|
indenting comment line will be indented like the comment line. All
|
|
other comment lines (those with a non-whitespace character immediately
|
|
following the initial `#') are `non-indenting comment lines', and their
|
|
indentation is ignored by the indentation commands.
|
|
|
|
Indenting comment lines are by far the usual case, and should be used
|
|
whenever possible. Non-indenting comment lines are useful in cases like
|
|
these:
|
|
|
|
\ta = b # a very wordy single-line comment that ends up being
|
|
\t #... continued onto another line
|
|
|
|
\tif a == b:
|
|
##\t\tprint 'panic!' # old code we've `commented out'
|
|
\t\treturn a
|
|
|
|
Since the `#...' and `##' comment lines have a non-whitespace character
|
|
following the initial `#', Python mode ignores them when computing the
|
|
proper indentation for the next line.
|
|
|
|
Continuation Lines and Statements
|
|
|
|
The Python-mode commands generally work on statements instead of on
|
|
individual lines, where a `statement' is a comment or blank line, or a
|
|
code line and all of its following continuation lines (if any)
|
|
considered as a single logical unit. The commands in this mode
|
|
generally (when it makes sense) automatically move to the start of the
|
|
statement containing point, even if point happens to be in the middle of
|
|
some continuation line.
|
|
|
|
A Bad Idea
|
|
|
|
Always put something on the initial line of a multi-line statement
|
|
besides the backslash! E.g., don't do this:
|
|
|
|
\t\\
|
|
\ta = b # what's the indentation of this stmt?
|
|
|
|
While that's legal Python, it's silly & would be very expensive for
|
|
Python mode to handle correctly.
|
|
|
|
@INDENTATION
|
|
|
|
Primarily for entering new code:
|
|
\t\\[indent-for-tab-command]\t indent line appropriately
|
|
\t\\[py-newline-and-indent]\t insert newline, then indent
|
|
\t\\[py-delete-char]\t reduce indentation, or delete single character
|
|
|
|
Primarily for reindenting existing code:
|
|
\t\\[py-guess-indent-offset]\t guess py-indent-offset from file content; change locally
|
|
\t\\[universal-argument] \\[py-guess-indent-offset]\t ditto, but change globally
|
|
|
|
\t\\[py-indent-region]\t reindent region to match its context
|
|
\t\\[py-shift-region-left]\t shift region left by py-indent-offset
|
|
\t\\[py-shift-region-right]\t shift region right by py-indent-offset
|
|
|
|
Unlike most programming languages, Python uses indentation, and only
|
|
indentation, to specify block structure. Hence the indentation supplied
|
|
automatically by Python-mode is just an educated guess: only you know
|
|
the block structure you intend, so only you can supply correct
|
|
indentation.
|
|
|
|
The \\[indent-for-tab-command] and \\[py-newline-and-indent] keys try to suggest plausible indentation, based on
|
|
the indentation of preceding statements. E.g., assuming
|
|
py-indent-offset is 4, after you enter
|
|
\tif a > 0: \\[py-newline-and-indent]
|
|
the cursor will be moved to the position of the `_' (_ is not a
|
|
character in the file, it's just used here to indicate the location of
|
|
the cursor):
|
|
\tif a > 0:
|
|
\t _
|
|
If you then enter `c = d' \\[py-newline-and-indent], the cursor will move
|
|
to
|
|
\tif a > 0:
|
|
\t c = d
|
|
\t _
|
|
Python-mode cannot know whether that's what you intended, or whether
|
|
\tif a > 0:
|
|
\t c = d
|
|
\t_
|
|
was your intent. In general, Python-mode either reproduces the
|
|
indentation of the (closest code or indenting-comment) preceding
|
|
statement, or adds an extra py-indent-offset blanks if the preceding
|
|
statement has `:' as its last significant (non-whitespace and non-
|
|
comment) character. If the suggested indentation is too much, use
|
|
\\[py-delete-char] to reduce it.
|
|
|
|
Warning: indent-region should not normally be used! It calls \\[indent-for-tab-command]
|
|
repeatedly, and as explained above, \\[indent-for-tab-command] can't guess the block
|
|
structure you intend.
|
|
%c:indent-for-tab-command
|
|
%c:py-newline-and-indent
|
|
%c:py-delete-char
|
|
|
|
|
|
The next function may be handy when editing code you didn't write:
|
|
%c:py-guess-indent-offset
|
|
|
|
|
|
The remaining `indent' functions apply to a region of Python code. They
|
|
assume the block structure (equals indentation, in Python) of the region
|
|
is correct, and alter the indentation in various ways while preserving
|
|
the block structure:
|
|
%c:py-indent-region
|
|
%c:py-shift-region-left
|
|
%c:py-shift-region-right
|
|
|
|
@MARKING & MANIPULATING REGIONS OF CODE
|
|
|
|
\\[py-mark-block]\t mark block of lines
|
|
\\[mark-python-def-or-class]\t mark smallest enclosing def
|
|
\\[universal-argument] \\[mark-python-def-or-class]\t mark smallest enclosing class
|
|
\\[py-comment-region]\t comment out region of code
|
|
\\[universal-argument] \\[py-comment-region]\t uncomment region of code
|
|
%c:py-mark-block
|
|
%c:mark-python-def-or-class
|
|
%c:py-comment-region
|
|
|
|
@MOVING POINT
|
|
|
|
\\[py-previous-statement]\t move to statement preceding point
|
|
\\[py-next-statement]\t move to statement following point
|
|
\\[py-goto-block-up]\t move up to start of current block
|
|
\\[beginning-of-python-def-or-class]\t move to start of def
|
|
\\[universal-argument] \\[beginning-of-python-def-or-class]\t move to start of class
|
|
\\[end-of-python-def-or-class]\t move to end of def
|
|
\\[universal-argument] \\[end-of-python-def-or-class]\t move to end of class
|
|
|
|
The first two move to one statement beyond the statement that contains
|
|
point. A numeric prefix argument tells them to move that many
|
|
statements instead. Blank lines, comment lines, and continuation lines
|
|
do not count as `statements' for these commands. So, e.g., you can go
|
|
to the first code statement in a file by entering
|
|
\t\\[beginning-of-buffer]\t to move to the top of the file
|
|
\t\\[py-next-statement]\t to skip over initial comments and blank lines
|
|
Or do `\\[py-previous-statement]' with a huge prefix argument.
|
|
%c:py-previous-statement
|
|
%c:py-next-statement
|
|
%c:py-goto-block-up
|
|
%c:beginning-of-python-def-or-class
|
|
%c:end-of-python-def-or-class
|
|
|
|
@LITTLE-KNOWN EMACS COMMANDS PARTICULARLY USEFUL IN PYTHON MODE
|
|
|
|
`\\[indent-new-comment-line]' is handy for entering a multi-line comment.
|
|
|
|
`\\[set-selective-display]' with a `small' prefix arg is ideally suited for viewing the
|
|
overall class and def structure of a module.
|
|
|
|
`\\[back-to-indentation]' moves point to a line's first non-blank character.
|
|
|
|
`\\[indent-relative]' is handy for creating odd indentation.
|
|
|
|
@OTHER EMACS HINTS
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If you don't like the default value of a variable, change its value to
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whatever you do like by putting a `setq' line in your .emacs file.
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E.g., to set the indentation increment to 4, put this line in your
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.emacs:
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\t(setq py-indent-offset 4)
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To see the value of a variable, do `\\[describe-variable]' and enter the variable
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name at the prompt.
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When entering a key sequence like `C-c C-n', it is not necessary to
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release the CONTROL key after doing the `C-c' part -- it suffices to
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press the CONTROL key, press and release `c' (while still holding down
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CONTROL), press and release `n' (while still holding down CONTROL), &
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then release CONTROL.
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Entering Python mode calls with no arguments the value of the variable
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`py-mode-hook', if that value exists and is not nil; see the `Hooks'
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section of the Elisp manual for details.
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Obscure: When python-mode is first loaded, it looks for all bindings
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to newline-and-indent in the global keymap, and shadows them with
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local bindings to py-newline-and-indent."))
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;;; Helper functions
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(defvar py-parse-state-re
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(concat
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"^[ \t]*\\(if\\|elif\\|else\\|while\\|def\\|class\\)\\>"
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"\\|"
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"^[^ #\t\n]"))
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;; returns the parse state at point (see parse-partial-sexp docs)
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(defun py-parse-state ()
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(save-excursion
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(let ( (here (point)) )
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;; back up to the first preceding line (if any; else start of
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;; buffer) that begins with a popular Python keyword, or a non-
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;; whitespace and non-comment character. These are good places to
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;; start parsing to see whether where we started is at a non-zero
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;; nesting level. It may be slow for people who write huge code
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;; blocks or huge lists ... tough beans.
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(re-search-backward py-parse-state-re nil 'move)
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(beginning-of-line)
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(parse-partial-sexp (point) here))))
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;; if point is at a non-zero nesting level, returns the number of the
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;; character that opens the smallest enclosing unclosed list; else
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;; returns nil.
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(defun py-nesting-level ()
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(let ( (status (py-parse-state)) )
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(if (zerop (car status))
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nil ; not in a nest
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(car (cdr status))))) ; char# of open bracket
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;; t iff preceding line ends with backslash that's not in a comment
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(defun py-backslash-continuation-line-p ()
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(save-excursion
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(beginning-of-line)
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(and
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;; use a cheap test first to avoid the regexp if possible
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;; use 'eq' because char-after may return nil
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(eq (char-after (- (point) 2)) ?\\ )
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;; make sure; since eq test passed, there is a preceding line
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(forward-line -1) ; always true -- side effect
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(looking-at py-continued-re))))
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;; t iff current line is a continuation line
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(defun py-continuation-line-p ()
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(save-excursion
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(beginning-of-line)
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(or (py-backslash-continuation-line-p)
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(py-nesting-level))))
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;; go to initial line of current statement; usually this is the
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;; line we're on, but if we're on the 2nd or following lines of a
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;; continuation block, we need to go up to the first line of the block.
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;;
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;; Tricky: We want to avoid quadratic-time behavior for long continued
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;; blocks, whether of the backslash or open-bracket varieties, or a mix
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;; of the two. The following manages to do that in the usual cases.
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(defun py-goto-initial-line ()
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(let ( open-bracket-pos )
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(while (py-continuation-line-p)
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(beginning-of-line)
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(if (py-backslash-continuation-line-p)
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(while (py-backslash-continuation-line-p)
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(forward-line -1))
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;; else zip out of nested brackets/braces/parens
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(while (setq open-bracket-pos (py-nesting-level))
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(goto-char open-bracket-pos)))))
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(beginning-of-line))
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;; go to point right beyond final line of current statement; usually
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;; this is the start of the next line, but if this is a multi-line
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;; statement we need to skip over the continuation lines.
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;; Tricky: Again we need to be clever to avoid quadratic time behavior.
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(defun py-goto-beyond-final-line ()
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(forward-line 1)
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(let ( state )
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(while (and (py-continuation-line-p)
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(not (eobp)))
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;; skip over the backslash flavor
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(while (and (py-backslash-continuation-line-p)
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(not (eobp)))
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(forward-line 1))
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;; if in nest, zip to the end of the nest
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(setq state (py-parse-state))
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(if (and (not (zerop (car state)))
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(not (eobp)))
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(progn
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;; BUG ALERT: I could swear, from reading the docs, that
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;; the 3rd argument should be plain 0
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(parse-partial-sexp (point) (point-max) (- 0 (car state))
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nil state)
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(forward-line 1))))))
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;; t iff statement opens a block == iff it ends with a colon that's
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;; not in a comment
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;; point should be at the start of a statement
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(defun py-statement-opens-block-p ()
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(save-excursion
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(let ( (start (point))
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(finish (progn (py-goto-beyond-final-line) (1- (point))))
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(searching t)
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(answer nil)
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state)
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(goto-char start)
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(while searching
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;; look for a colon with nothing after it except whitespace, and
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;; maybe a comment
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(if (re-search-forward ":\\([ \t]\\|\\\\\n\\)*\\(#.*\\)?$"
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finish t)
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(if (eq (point) finish) ; note: no `else' clause; just
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; keep searching if we're not at
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; the end yet
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;; sure looks like it opens a block -- but it might
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;; be in a comment
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(progn
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(setq searching nil) ; search is done either way
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(setq state (parse-partial-sexp start
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(match-beginning 0)))
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(setq answer (not (nth 4 state)))))
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;; search failed: couldn't find another interesting colon
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(setq searching nil)))
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answer)))
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;; go to point right beyond final line of block begun by the current
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;; line. This is the same as where py-goto-beyond-final-line goes
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;; unless we're on colon line, in which case we go to the end of the
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;; block.
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;; assumes point is at bolp
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(defun py-goto-beyond-block ()
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(if (py-statement-opens-block-p)
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(py-mark-block nil 'just-move)
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(py-goto-beyond-final-line)))
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;; go to start of first statement (not blank or comment or continuation
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;; line) at or preceding point
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;; returns t if there is one, else nil
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(defun py-goto-statement-at-or-above ()
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(py-goto-initial-line)
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(if (looking-at py-blank-or-comment-re)
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;; skip back over blank & comment lines
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;; note: will skip a blank or comment line that happens to be
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;; a continuation line too
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(if (re-search-backward "^[ \t]*[^ \t#\n]" nil t)
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(progn (py-goto-initial-line) t)
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nil)
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t))
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;; go to start of first statement (not blank or comment or continuation
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;; line) following the statement containing point
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;; returns t if there is one, else nil
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(defun py-goto-statement-below ()
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(beginning-of-line)
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(let ( (start (point)) )
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(py-goto-beyond-final-line)
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(while (and
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(looking-at py-blank-or-comment-re)
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(not (eobp)))
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(forward-line 1))
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(if (eobp)
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(progn (goto-char start) nil)
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t)))
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;; go to start of statement, at or preceding point, starting with keyword
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;; KEY. Skips blank lines and non-indenting comments upward first. If
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;; that statement starts with KEY, done, else go back to first enclosing
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;; block starting with KEY.
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;; If successful, leaves point at the start of the KEY line & returns t.
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;; Else leaves point at an undefined place & returns nil.
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(defun py-go-up-tree-to-keyword (key)
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;; skip blanks and non-indenting #
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(py-goto-initial-line)
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(while (and
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(looking-at "[ \t]*\\($\\|#[^ \t\n]\\)")
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(zerop (forward-line -1))) ; go back
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nil)
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(py-goto-initial-line)
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(let* ( (re (concat "[ \t]*" key "\\b"))
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(case-fold-search nil) ; let* so looking-at sees this
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(found (looking-at re))
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(dead nil))
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(while (not (or found dead))
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(condition-case nil ; in case no enclosing block
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(py-goto-block-up 'no-mark)
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(error (setq dead t)))
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(or dead (setq found (looking-at re))))
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(beginning-of-line)
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found))
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;; return string in buffer from start of indentation to end of line;
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;; prefix "..." if leading whitespace was skipped
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(defun py-suck-up-leading-text ()
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(save-excursion
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(back-to-indentation)
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(concat
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(if (bolp) "" "...")
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(buffer-substring (point) (progn (end-of-line) (point))))))
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;; assuming point at bolp, return first keyword ([a-z]+) on the line,
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;; as a Lisp symbol; return nil if none
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(defun py-suck-up-first-keyword ()
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(let ( (case-fold-search nil) )
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(if (looking-at "[ \t]*\\([a-z]+\\)\\b")
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(intern (buffer-substring (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1)))
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nil)))
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(defun py-make-temp-name ()
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(make-temp-name
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(concat (file-name-as-directory py-temp-directory) "python")))
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(defun py-delete-file-silently (fname)
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(condition-case nil
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(delete-file fname)
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(error nil)))
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(defun py-kill-emacs-hook ()
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;; delete our temp files
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(while py-file-queue
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(py-delete-file-silently (car py-file-queue))
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(setq py-file-queue (cdr py-file-queue)))
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(if (not py-this-is-emacs-19-p)
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;; run the hook we inherited, if any
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(and py-inherited-kill-emacs-hook
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(funcall py-inherited-kill-emacs-hook))))
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;; make PROCESS's buffer visible, append STRING to it, and force display;
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;; also make shell-mode believe the user typed this string, so that
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;; kill-output-from-shell and show-output-from-shell work "right"
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(defun py-append-to-process-buffer (process string)
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(let ( (cbuf (current-buffer))
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(pbuf (process-buffer process))
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(py-scroll-process-buffer t))
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(set-buffer pbuf)
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(goto-char (point-max))
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(move-marker (process-mark process) (point))
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(if (not py-this-is-emacs-19-p)
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(move-marker last-input-start (point))) ; muck w/ shell-mode
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(funcall (process-filter process) process string)
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(if (not py-this-is-emacs-19-p)
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(move-marker last-input-end (point))) ; muck w/ shell-mode
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(set-buffer cbuf))
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(sit-for 0))
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;; To do:
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;; - support for ptags
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