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cpython/Tools/i18n/pygettext.py

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#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: iso-8859-1 -*-
# Originally written by Barry Warsaw <barry@zope.com>
#
# Minimally patched to make it even more xgettext compatible
# by Peter Funk <pf@artcom-gmbh.de>
#
# 2002-11-22 Jürgen Hermann <jh@web.de>
# Added checks that _() only contains string literals, and
# command line args are resolved to module lists, i.e. you
# can now pass a filename, a module or package name, or a
# directory (including globbing chars, important for Win32).
# Made docstring fit in 80 chars wide displays using pydoc.
#
# for selftesting
try:
import fintl
_ = fintl.gettext
except ImportError:
_ = lambda s: s
__doc__ = _("""pygettext -- Python equivalent of xgettext(1)
Many systems (Solaris, Linux, Gnu) provide extensive tools that ease the
internationalization of C programs. Most of these tools are independent of
the programming language and can be used from within Python programs.
Martin von Loewis' work[1] helps considerably in this regard.
There's one problem though; xgettext is the program that scans source code
looking for message strings, but it groks only C (or C++). Python
introduces a few wrinkles, such as dual quoting characters, triple quoted
strings, and raw strings. xgettext understands none of this.
Enter pygettext, which uses Python's standard tokenize module to scan
Python source code, generating .pot files identical to what GNU xgettext[2]
generates for C and C++ code. From there, the standard GNU tools can be
used.
A word about marking Python strings as candidates for translation. GNU
xgettext recognizes the following keywords: gettext, dgettext, dcgettext,
and gettext_noop. But those can be a lot of text to include all over your
code. C and C++ have a trick: they use the C preprocessor. Most
internationalized C source includes a #define for gettext() to _() so that
what has to be written in the source is much less. Thus these are both
translatable strings:
gettext("Translatable String")
_("Translatable String")
Python of course has no preprocessor so this doesn't work so well. Thus,
pygettext searches only for _() by default, but see the -k/--keyword flag
below for how to augment this.
[1] http://www.python.org/workshops/1997-10/proceedings/loewis.html
[2] http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/gettext.html
NOTE: pygettext attempts to be option and feature compatible with GNU
xgettext where ever possible. However some options are still missing or are
not fully implemented. Also, xgettext's use of command line switches with
option arguments is broken, and in these cases, pygettext just defines
additional switches.
Usage: pygettext [options] inputfile ...
Options:
-a
--extract-all
Extract all strings.
-d name
--default-domain=name
Rename the default output file from messages.pot to name.pot.
-E
--escape
Replace non-ASCII characters with octal escape sequences.
-D
--docstrings
Extract module, class, method, and function docstrings. These do
not need to be wrapped in _() markers, and in fact cannot be for
Python to consider them docstrings. (See also the -X option).
-h
--help
Print this help message and exit.
-k word
--keyword=word
Keywords to look for in addition to the default set, which are:
%(DEFAULTKEYWORDS)s
You can have multiple -k flags on the command line.
-K
--no-default-keywords
Disable the default set of keywords (see above). Any keywords
explicitly added with the -k/--keyword option are still recognized.
--no-location
Do not write filename/lineno location comments.
-n
--add-location
Write filename/lineno location comments indicating where each
extracted string is found in the source. These lines appear before
each msgid. The style of comments is controlled by the -S/--style
option. This is the default.
-o filename
--output=filename
Rename the default output file from messages.pot to filename. If
filename is `-' then the output is sent to standard out.
-p dir
--output-dir=dir
Output files will be placed in directory dir.
-S stylename
--style stylename
Specify which style to use for location comments. Two styles are
supported:
Solaris # File: filename, line: line-number
GNU #: filename:line
The style name is case insensitive. GNU style is the default.
-v
--verbose
Print the names of the files being processed.
-V
--version
Print the version of pygettext and exit.
-w columns
--width=columns
Set width of output to columns.
-x filename
--exclude-file=filename
Specify a file that contains a list of strings that are not be
extracted from the input files. Each string to be excluded must
appear on a line by itself in the file.
-X filename
--no-docstrings=filename
Specify a file that contains a list of files (one per line) that
should not have their docstrings extracted. This is only useful in
conjunction with the -D option above.
If `inputfile' is -, standard input is read.
""")
import os
import sys
import time
import getopt
import token
import tokenize
import operator
__version__ = '1.5'
default_keywords = ['_']
DEFAULTKEYWORDS = ', '.join(default_keywords)
EMPTYSTRING = ''
# The normal pot-file header. msgmerge and Emacs's po-mode work better if it's
# there.
pot_header = _('''\
# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
# Copyright (C) YEAR ORGANIZATION
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: %(time)s\\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: ENCODING\\n"
"Generated-By: pygettext.py %(version)s\\n"
''')
def usage(code, msg=''):
print >> sys.stderr, __doc__ % globals()
if msg:
print >> sys.stderr, msg
sys.exit(code)
escapes = []
def make_escapes(pass_iso8859):
global escapes
if pass_iso8859:
# Allow iso-8859 characters to pass through so that e.g. 'msgid
# "Höhe"' would result not result in 'msgid "H\366he"'. Otherwise we
# escape any character outside the 32..126 range.
mod = 128
else:
mod = 256
for i in range(256):
if 32 <= (i % mod) <= 126:
escapes.append(chr(i))
else:
escapes.append("\\%03o" % i)
escapes[ord('\\')] = '\\\\'
escapes[ord('\t')] = '\\t'
escapes[ord('\r')] = '\\r'
escapes[ord('\n')] = '\\n'
escapes[ord('\"')] = '\\"'
def escape(s):
global escapes
s = list(s)
for i in range(len(s)):
s[i] = escapes[ord(s[i])]
return EMPTYSTRING.join(s)
def safe_eval(s):
# unwrap quotes, safely
return eval(s, {'__builtins__':{}}, {})
def normalize(s):
# This converts the various Python string types into a format that is
# appropriate for .po files, namely much closer to C style.
lines = s.split('\n')
if len(lines) == 1:
s = '"' + escape(s) + '"'
else:
if not lines[-1]:
del lines[-1]
lines[-1] = lines[-1] + '\n'
for i in range(len(lines)):
lines[i] = escape(lines[i])
lineterm = '\\n"\n"'
s = '""\n"' + lineterm.join(lines) + '"'
return s
def containsAny(str, set):
""" Check whether 'str' contains ANY of the chars in 'set'
"""
return 1 in [c in str for c in set]
def _visit_pyfiles(list, dirname, names):
""" Helper for getFilesForName().
"""
# get extension for python source files
if not globals().has_key('_py_ext'):
import imp
global _py_ext
_py_ext = [triple[0] for triple in imp.get_suffixes() if triple[2] == imp.PY_SOURCE][0]
# don't recurse into CVS directories
if 'CVS' in names:
names.remove('CVS')
# add all *.py files to list
list.extend(
[os.path.join(dirname, file)
for file in names
if os.path.splitext(file)[1] == _py_ext])
def _get_modpkg_path(dotted_name, pathlist=None):
""" Get the filesystem path for a module or a package.
Return the file system path to a file for a module,
and to a directory for a package. Return None if
the name is not found, or is a builtin or extension module.
"""
import imp
# split off top-most name
parts = dotted_name.split('.', 1)
if len(parts) > 1:
# we have a dotted path, import top-level package
try:
file, pathname, description = imp.find_module(parts[0], pathlist)
if file: file.close()
except ImportError:
return None
# check if it's indeed a package
if description[2] == imp.PKG_DIRECTORY:
# recursively handle the remaining name parts
pathname = _get_modpkg_path(parts[1], [pathname])
else:
pathname = None
else:
# plain name
try:
file, pathname, description = imp.find_module(dotted_name, pathlist)
if file: file.close()
if description[2] not in [imp.PY_SOURCE, imp.PKG_DIRECTORY]:
pathname = None
except ImportError:
pathname = None
return pathname
def getFilesForName(name):
""" Get a list of module files for a filename, a module or package name,
or a directory.
"""
import imp
if not os.path.exists(name):
# check for glob chars
if containsAny(name, "*?[]"):
import glob
files = glob.glob(name)
list = []
for file in files:
list.extend(getFilesForName(file))
return list
# try to find module or package
name = _get_modpkg_path(name)
if not name:
return []
if os.path.isdir(name):
# find all python files in directory
list = []
os.path.walk(name, _visit_pyfiles, list)
return list
elif os.path.exists(name):
# a single file
return [name]
return []
class TokenEater:
def __init__(self, options):
self.__options = options
self.__messages = {}
self.__state = self.__waiting
self.__data = []
self.__lineno = -1
self.__freshmodule = 1
self.__curfile = None
def __call__(self, ttype, tstring, stup, etup, line):
# dispatch
## import token
## print >> sys.stderr, 'ttype:', token.tok_name[ttype], \
## 'tstring:', tstring
self.__state(ttype, tstring, stup[0])
def __waiting(self, ttype, tstring, lineno):
opts = self.__options
# Do docstring extractions, if enabled
if opts.docstrings and not opts.nodocstrings.get(self.__curfile):
# module docstring?
if self.__freshmodule:
if ttype == tokenize.STRING:
self.__addentry(safe_eval(tstring), lineno, isdocstring=1)
self.__freshmodule = 0
elif ttype not in (tokenize.COMMENT, tokenize.NL):
self.__freshmodule = 0
return
# class docstring?
if ttype == tokenize.NAME and tstring in ('class', 'def'):
self.__state = self.__suiteseen
return
if ttype == tokenize.NAME and tstring in opts.keywords:
self.__state = self.__keywordseen
def __suiteseen(self, ttype, tstring, lineno):
# ignore anything until we see the colon
if ttype == tokenize.OP and tstring == ':':
self.__state = self.__suitedocstring
def __suitedocstring(self, ttype, tstring, lineno):
# ignore any intervening noise
if ttype == tokenize.STRING:
self.__addentry(safe_eval(tstring), lineno, isdocstring=1)
self.__state = self.__waiting
elif ttype not in (tokenize.NEWLINE, tokenize.INDENT,
tokenize.COMMENT):
# there was no class docstring
self.__state = self.__waiting
def __keywordseen(self, ttype, tstring, lineno):
if ttype == tokenize.OP and tstring == '(':
self.__data = []
self.__lineno = lineno
self.__state = self.__openseen
else:
self.__state = self.__waiting
def __openseen(self, ttype, tstring, lineno):
if ttype == tokenize.OP and tstring == ')':
# We've seen the last of the translatable strings. Record the
# line number of the first line of the strings and update the list
# of messages seen. Reset state for the next batch. If there
# were no strings inside _(), then just ignore this entry.
if self.__data:
self.__addentry(EMPTYSTRING.join(self.__data))
self.__state = self.__waiting
elif ttype == tokenize.STRING:
self.__data.append(safe_eval(tstring))
elif ttype not in [tokenize.COMMENT, token.INDENT, token.DEDENT,
token.NEWLINE, tokenize.NL]:
# warn if we see anything else than STRING or whitespace
print >>sys.stderr, _('*** %(file)s:%(lineno)s: Seen unexpected token "%(token)s"') % {
'token': tstring, 'file': self.__curfile, 'lineno': self.__lineno}
self.__state = self.__waiting
def __addentry(self, msg, lineno=None, isdocstring=0):
if lineno is None:
lineno = self.__lineno
if not msg in self.__options.toexclude:
entry = (self.__curfile, lineno)
self.__messages.setdefault(msg, {})[entry] = isdocstring
def set_filename(self, filename):
self.__curfile = filename
self.__freshmodule = 1
def write(self, fp):
options = self.__options
timestamp = time.ctime(time.time())
# The time stamp in the header doesn't have the same format as that
# generated by xgettext...
print >> fp, pot_header % {'time': timestamp, 'version': __version__}
# Sort the entries. First sort each particular entry's keys, then
# sort all the entries by their first item.
reverse = {}
for k, v in self.__messages.items():
keys = v.keys()
keys.sort()
reverse.setdefault(tuple(keys), []).append((k, v))
rkeys = reverse.keys()
rkeys.sort()
for rkey in rkeys:
rentries = reverse[rkey]
rentries.sort()
for k, v in rentries:
isdocstring = 0
# If the entry was gleaned out of a docstring, then add a
# comment stating so. This is to aid translators who may wish
# to skip translating some unimportant docstrings.
if reduce(operator.__add__, v.values()):
isdocstring = 1
# k is the message string, v is a dictionary-set of (filename,
# lineno) tuples. We want to sort the entries in v first by
# file name and then by line number.
v = v.keys()
v.sort()
if not options.writelocations:
pass
# location comments are different b/w Solaris and GNU:
elif options.locationstyle == options.SOLARIS:
for filename, lineno in v:
d = {'filename': filename, 'lineno': lineno}
print >>fp, _(
'# File: %(filename)s, line: %(lineno)d') % d
elif options.locationstyle == options.GNU:
# fit as many locations on one line, as long as the
# resulting line length doesn't exceeds 'options.width'
locline = '#:'
for filename, lineno in v:
d = {'filename': filename, 'lineno': lineno}
s = _(' %(filename)s:%(lineno)d') % d
if len(locline) + len(s) <= options.width:
locline = locline + s
else:
print >> fp, locline
locline = "#:" + s
if len(locline) > 2:
print >> fp, locline
if isdocstring:
print >> fp, '#, docstring'
print >> fp, 'msgid', normalize(k)
print >> fp, 'msgstr ""\n'
def main():
global default_keywords
try:
opts, args = getopt.getopt(
sys.argv[1:],
'ad:DEhk:Kno:p:S:Vvw:x:X:',
['extract-all', 'default-domain=', 'escape', 'help',
'keyword=', 'no-default-keywords',
'add-location', 'no-location', 'output=', 'output-dir=',
'style=', 'verbose', 'version', 'width=', 'exclude-file=',
'docstrings', 'no-docstrings',
])
except getopt.error, msg:
usage(1, msg)
# for holding option values
class Options:
# constants
GNU = 1
SOLARIS = 2
# defaults
extractall = 0 # FIXME: currently this option has no effect at all.
escape = 0
keywords = []
outpath = ''
outfile = 'messages.pot'
writelocations = 1
locationstyle = GNU
verbose = 0
width = 78
excludefilename = ''
docstrings = 0
nodocstrings = {}
options = Options()
locations = {'gnu' : options.GNU,
'solaris' : options.SOLARIS,
}
# parse options
for opt, arg in opts:
if opt in ('-h', '--help'):
usage(0)
elif opt in ('-a', '--extract-all'):
options.extractall = 1
elif opt in ('-d', '--default-domain'):
options.outfile = arg + '.pot'
elif opt in ('-E', '--escape'):
options.escape = 1
elif opt in ('-D', '--docstrings'):
options.docstrings = 1
elif opt in ('-k', '--keyword'):
options.keywords.append(arg)
elif opt in ('-K', '--no-default-keywords'):
default_keywords = []
elif opt in ('-n', '--add-location'):
options.writelocations = 1
elif opt in ('--no-location',):
options.writelocations = 0
elif opt in ('-S', '--style'):
options.locationstyle = locations.get(arg.lower())
if options.locationstyle is None:
usage(1, _('Invalid value for --style: %s') % arg)
elif opt in ('-o', '--output'):
options.outfile = arg
elif opt in ('-p', '--output-dir'):
options.outpath = arg
elif opt in ('-v', '--verbose'):
options.verbose = 1
elif opt in ('-V', '--version'):
print _('pygettext.py (xgettext for Python) %s') % __version__
sys.exit(0)
elif opt in ('-w', '--width'):
try:
options.width = int(arg)
except ValueError:
usage(1, _('--width argument must be an integer: %s') % arg)
elif opt in ('-x', '--exclude-file'):
options.excludefilename = arg
elif opt in ('-X', '--no-docstrings'):
fp = open(arg)
try:
while 1:
line = fp.readline()
if not line:
break
options.nodocstrings[line[:-1]] = 1
finally:
fp.close()
# calculate escapes
make_escapes(options.escape)
# calculate all keywords
options.keywords.extend(default_keywords)
# initialize list of strings to exclude
if options.excludefilename:
try:
fp = open(options.excludefilename)
options.toexclude = fp.readlines()
fp.close()
except IOError:
print >> sys.stderr, _(
"Can't read --exclude-file: %s") % options.excludefilename
sys.exit(1)
else:
options.toexclude = []
# resolve args to module lists
expanded = []
for arg in args:
if arg == '-':
expanded.append(arg)
else:
expanded.extend(getFilesForName(arg))
args = expanded
# slurp through all the files
eater = TokenEater(options)
for filename in args:
if filename == '-':
if options.verbose:
print _('Reading standard input')
fp = sys.stdin
closep = 0
else:
if options.verbose:
print _('Working on %s') % filename
fp = open(filename)
closep = 1
try:
eater.set_filename(filename)
try:
tokenize.tokenize(fp.readline, eater)
except tokenize.TokenError, e:
print >> sys.stderr, '%s: %s, line %d, column %d' % (
e[0], filename, e[1][0], e[1][1])
finally:
if closep:
fp.close()
# write the output
if options.outfile == '-':
fp = sys.stdout
closep = 0
else:
if options.outpath:
options.outfile = os.path.join(options.outpath, options.outfile)
fp = open(options.outfile, 'w')
closep = 1
try:
eater.write(fp)
finally:
if closep:
fp.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
# some more test strings
_(u'a unicode string')
_('*** Seen unexpected token "%(token)s"' % {'token': 'test'}) # this one creates a warning
_('more' 'than' 'one' 'string')
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