cpython/Lib/base64.py

360 lines
11 KiB
Python
Executable File
Raw Blame History

This file contains invisible Unicode characters

This file contains invisible Unicode characters that are indistinguishable to humans but may be processed differently by a computer. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

#! /usr/bin/env python
"""RFC 3548: Base16, Base32, Base64 Data Encodings"""
# Modified 04-Oct-1995 by Jack Jansen to use binascii module
# Modified 30-Dec-2003 by Barry Warsaw to add full RFC 3548 support
import re
import struct
import binascii
__all__ = [
# Legacy interface exports traditional RFC 1521 Base64 encodings
'encode', 'decode', 'encodestring', 'decodestring',
# Generalized interface for other encodings
'b64encode', 'b64decode', 'b32encode', 'b32decode',
'b16encode', 'b16decode',
# Standard Base64 encoding
'standard_b64encode', 'standard_b64decode',
# Some common Base64 alternatives. As referenced by RFC 3458, see thread
# starting at:
#
# http://zgp.org/pipermail/p2p-hackers/2001-September/000316.html
'urlsafe_b64encode', 'urlsafe_b64decode',
]
_translation = [chr(_x) for _x in range(256)]
EMPTYSTRING = ''
def _translate(s, altchars):
translation = _translation[:]
for k, v in altchars.items():
translation[ord(k)] = v
return s.translate(''.join(translation))
# Base64 encoding/decoding uses binascii
def b64encode(s, altchars=None):
"""Encode a string using Base64.
s is the string to encode. Optional altchars must be a string of at least
length 2 (additional characters are ignored) which specifies an
alternative alphabet for the '+' and '/' characters. This allows an
application to e.g. generate url or filesystem safe Base64 strings.
The encoded string is returned.
"""
# Strip off the trailing newline
encoded = binascii.b2a_base64(s)[:-1]
if altchars is not None:
return _translate(encoded, {'+': altchars[0], '/': altchars[1]})
return encoded
def b64decode(s, altchars=None):
"""Decode a Base64 encoded string.
s is the string to decode. Optional altchars must be a string of at least
length 2 (additional characters are ignored) which specifies the
alternative alphabet used instead of the '+' and '/' characters.
The decoded string is returned. A TypeError is raised if s were
incorrectly padded or if there are non-alphabet characters present in the
string.
"""
if altchars is not None:
s = _translate(s, {altchars[0]: '+', altchars[1]: '/'})
try:
return binascii.a2b_base64(s)
except binascii.Error as msg:
# Transform this exception for consistency
raise TypeError(msg)
def standard_b64encode(s):
"""Encode a string using the standard Base64 alphabet.
s is the string to encode. The encoded string is returned.
"""
return b64encode(s)
def standard_b64decode(s):
"""Decode a string encoded with the standard Base64 alphabet.
s is the string to decode. The decoded string is returned. A TypeError
is raised if the string is incorrectly padded or if there are non-alphabet
characters present in the string.
"""
return b64decode(s)
def urlsafe_b64encode(s):
"""Encode a string using a url-safe Base64 alphabet.
s is the string to encode. The encoded string is returned. The alphabet
uses '-' instead of '+' and '_' instead of '/'.
"""
return b64encode(s, '-_')
def urlsafe_b64decode(s):
"""Decode a string encoded with the standard Base64 alphabet.
s is the string to decode. The decoded string is returned. A TypeError
is raised if the string is incorrectly padded or if there are non-alphabet
characters present in the string.
The alphabet uses '-' instead of '+' and '_' instead of '/'.
"""
return b64decode(s, '-_')
# Base32 encoding/decoding must be done in Python
_b32alphabet = {
0: 'A', 9: 'J', 18: 'S', 27: '3',
1: 'B', 10: 'K', 19: 'T', 28: '4',
2: 'C', 11: 'L', 20: 'U', 29: '5',
3: 'D', 12: 'M', 21: 'V', 30: '6',
4: 'E', 13: 'N', 22: 'W', 31: '7',
5: 'F', 14: 'O', 23: 'X',
6: 'G', 15: 'P', 24: 'Y',
7: 'H', 16: 'Q', 25: 'Z',
8: 'I', 17: 'R', 26: '2',
}
_b32tab = _b32alphabet.items()
_b32tab.sort()
_b32tab = [v for k, v in _b32tab]
_b32rev = dict([(v, int(k)) for k, v in _b32alphabet.items()])
def b32encode(s):
"""Encode a string using Base32.
s is the string to encode. The encoded string is returned.
"""
parts = []
quanta, leftover = divmod(len(s), 5)
# Pad the last quantum with zero bits if necessary
if leftover:
s += ('\0' * (5 - leftover))
quanta += 1
for i in range(quanta):
# c1 and c2 are 16 bits wide, c3 is 8 bits wide. The intent of this
# code is to process the 40 bits in units of 5 bits. So we take the 1
# leftover bit of c1 and tack it onto c2. Then we take the 2 leftover
# bits of c2 and tack them onto c3. The shifts and masks are intended
# to give us values of exactly 5 bits in width.
c1, c2, c3 = struct.unpack('!HHB', s[i*5:(i+1)*5])
c2 += (c1 & 1) << 16 # 17 bits wide
c3 += (c2 & 3) << 8 # 10 bits wide
parts.extend([_b32tab[c1 >> 11], # bits 1 - 5
_b32tab[(c1 >> 6) & 0x1f], # bits 6 - 10
_b32tab[(c1 >> 1) & 0x1f], # bits 11 - 15
_b32tab[c2 >> 12], # bits 16 - 20 (1 - 5)
_b32tab[(c2 >> 7) & 0x1f], # bits 21 - 25 (6 - 10)
_b32tab[(c2 >> 2) & 0x1f], # bits 26 - 30 (11 - 15)
_b32tab[c3 >> 5], # bits 31 - 35 (1 - 5)
_b32tab[c3 & 0x1f], # bits 36 - 40 (1 - 5)
])
encoded = EMPTYSTRING.join(parts)
# Adjust for any leftover partial quanta
if leftover == 1:
return encoded[:-6] + '======'
elif leftover == 2:
return encoded[:-4] + '===='
elif leftover == 3:
return encoded[:-3] + '==='
elif leftover == 4:
return encoded[:-1] + '='
return encoded
def b32decode(s, casefold=False, map01=None):
"""Decode a Base32 encoded string.
s is the string to decode. Optional casefold is a flag specifying whether
a lowercase alphabet is acceptable as input. For security purposes, the
default is False.
RFC 3548 allows for optional mapping of the digit 0 (zero) to the letter O
(oh), and for optional mapping of the digit 1 (one) to either the letter I
(eye) or letter L (el). The optional argument map01 when not None,
specifies which letter the digit 1 should be mapped to (when map01 is not
None, the digit 0 is always mapped to the letter O). For security
purposes the default is None, so that 0 and 1 are not allowed in the
input.
The decoded string is returned. A TypeError is raised if s were
incorrectly padded or if there are non-alphabet characters present in the
string.
"""
quanta, leftover = divmod(len(s), 8)
if leftover:
raise TypeError('Incorrect padding')
# Handle section 2.4 zero and one mapping. The flag map01 will be either
# False, or the character to map the digit 1 (one) to. It should be
# either L (el) or I (eye).
if map01:
s = _translate(s, {'0': 'O', '1': map01})
if casefold:
s = s.upper()
# Strip off pad characters from the right. We need to count the pad
# characters because this will tell us how many null bytes to remove from
# the end of the decoded string.
padchars = 0
mo = re.search('(?P<pad>[=]*)$', s)
if mo:
padchars = len(mo.group('pad'))
if padchars > 0:
s = s[:-padchars]
# Now decode the full quanta
parts = []
acc = 0
shift = 35
for c in s:
val = _b32rev.get(c)
if val is None:
raise TypeError('Non-base32 digit found')
acc += _b32rev[c] << shift
shift -= 5
if shift < 0:
parts.append(binascii.unhexlify('%010x' % acc))
acc = 0
shift = 35
# Process the last, partial quanta
last = binascii.unhexlify('%010x' % acc)
if padchars == 0:
last = '' # No characters
elif padchars == 1:
last = last[:-1]
elif padchars == 3:
last = last[:-2]
elif padchars == 4:
last = last[:-3]
elif padchars == 6:
last = last[:-4]
else:
raise TypeError('Incorrect padding')
parts.append(last)
return EMPTYSTRING.join(parts)
# RFC 3548, Base 16 Alphabet specifies uppercase, but hexlify() returns
# lowercase. The RFC also recommends against accepting input case
# insensitively.
def b16encode(s):
"""Encode a string using Base16.
s is the string to encode. The encoded string is returned.
"""
return binascii.hexlify(s).upper()
def b16decode(s, casefold=False):
"""Decode a Base16 encoded string.
s is the string to decode. Optional casefold is a flag specifying whether
a lowercase alphabet is acceptable as input. For security purposes, the
default is False.
The decoded string is returned. A TypeError is raised if s were
incorrectly padded or if there are non-alphabet characters present in the
string.
"""
if casefold:
s = s.upper()
if re.search('[^0-9A-F]', s):
raise TypeError('Non-base16 digit found')
return binascii.unhexlify(s)
# Legacy interface. This code could be cleaned up since I don't believe
# binascii has any line length limitations. It just doesn't seem worth it
# though.
MAXLINESIZE = 76 # Excluding the CRLF
MAXBINSIZE = (MAXLINESIZE//4)*3
def encode(input, output):
"""Encode a file."""
while True:
s = input.read(MAXBINSIZE)
if not s:
break
while len(s) < MAXBINSIZE:
ns = input.read(MAXBINSIZE-len(s))
if not ns:
break
s += ns
line = binascii.b2a_base64(s)
output.write(line)
def decode(input, output):
"""Decode a file."""
while True:
line = input.readline()
if not line:
break
s = binascii.a2b_base64(line)
output.write(s)
def encodestring(s):
"""Encode a string into multiple lines of base-64 data."""
pieces = []
for i in range(0, len(s), MAXBINSIZE):
chunk = s[i : i + MAXBINSIZE]
pieces.append(binascii.b2a_base64(chunk))
return "".join(pieces)
def decodestring(s):
"""Decode a string."""
return binascii.a2b_base64(s)
# Useable as a script...
def test():
"""Small test program"""
import sys, getopt
try:
opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'deut')
except getopt.error as msg:
sys.stdout = sys.stderr
print msg
print """usage: %s [-d|-e|-u|-t] [file|-]
-d, -u: decode
-e: encode (default)
-t: encode and decode string 'Aladdin:open sesame'"""%sys.argv[0]
sys.exit(2)
func = encode
for o, a in opts:
if o == '-e': func = encode
if o == '-d': func = decode
if o == '-u': func = decode
if o == '-t': test1(); return
if args and args[0] != '-':
func(open(args[0], 'rb'), sys.stdout)
else:
func(sys.stdin, sys.stdout)
def test1():
s0 = "Aladdin:open sesame"
s1 = encodestring(s0)
s2 = decodestring(s1)
print s0, repr(s1), s2
if __name__ == '__main__':
test()