mirror of https://github.com/python/cpython.git
221 lines
8.9 KiB
TeX
221 lines
8.9 KiB
TeX
\section{\module{sgmllib} ---
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Simple SGML parser}
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\declaremodule{standard}{sgmllib}
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\modulesynopsis{Only as much of an SGML parser as needed to parse HTML.}
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\index{SGML}
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This module defines a class \class{SGMLParser} which serves as the
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basis for parsing text files formatted in SGML (Standard Generalized
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Mark-up Language). In fact, it does not provide a full SGML parser
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--- it only parses SGML insofar as it is used by HTML, and the module
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only exists as a base for the \refmodule{htmllib} module. Another
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HTML parser which supports XHTML and offers a somewhat different
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interface is available in the \refmodule{HTMLParser} module.
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\begin{classdesc}{SGMLParser}{}
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The \class{SGMLParser} class is instantiated without arguments.
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The parser is hardcoded to recognize the following
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constructs:
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\begin{itemize}
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\item
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Opening and closing tags of the form
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\samp{<\var{tag} \var{attr}="\var{value}" ...>} and
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\samp{</\var{tag}>}, respectively.
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\item
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Numeric character references of the form \samp{\&\#\var{name};}.
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\item
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Entity references of the form \samp{\&\var{name};}.
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\item
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SGML comments of the form \samp{<!--\var{text}-->}. Note that
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spaces, tabs, and newlines are allowed between the trailing
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\samp{>} and the immediately preceding \samp{--}.
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\end{itemize}
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\end{classdesc}
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\class{SGMLParser} instances have the following interface methods:
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\begin{methoddesc}{reset}{}
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Reset the instance. Loses all unprocessed data. This is called
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implicitly at instantiation time.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{setnomoretags}{}
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Stop processing tags. Treat all following input as literal input
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(CDATA). (This is only provided so the HTML tag
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\code{<PLAINTEXT>} can be implemented.)
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{setliteral}{}
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Enter literal mode (CDATA mode).
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{feed}{data}
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Feed some text to the parser. It is processed insofar as it consists
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of complete elements; incomplete data is buffered until more data is
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fed or \method{close()} is called.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{close}{}
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Force processing of all buffered data as if it were followed by an
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end-of-file mark. This method may be redefined by a derived class to
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define additional processing at the end of the input, but the
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redefined version should always call \method{close()}.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{get_starttag_text}{}
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Return the text of the most recently opened start tag. This should
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not normally be needed for structured processing, but may be useful in
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dealing with HTML ``as deployed'' or for re-generating input with
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minimal changes (whitespace between attributes can be preserved,
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etc.).
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{handle_starttag}{tag, method, attributes}
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This method is called to handle start tags for which either a
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\method{start_\var{tag}()} or \method{do_\var{tag}()} method has been
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defined. The \var{tag} argument is the name of the tag converted to
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lower case, and the \var{method} argument is the bound method which
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should be used to support semantic interpretation of the start tag.
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The \var{attributes} argument is a list of \code{(\var{name},
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\var{value})} pairs containing the attributes found inside the tag's
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\code{<>} brackets. The \var{name} has been translated to lower case
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and double quotes and backslashes in the \var{value} have been interpreted.
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For instance, for the tag \code{<A HREF="http://www.cwi.nl/">}, this
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method would be called as \samp{unknown_starttag('a', [('href',
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'http://www.cwi.nl/')])}. The base implementation simply calls
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\var{method} with \var{attributes} as the only argument.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{handle_endtag}{tag, method}
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This method is called to handle endtags for which an
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\method{end_\var{tag}()} method has been defined. The
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\var{tag} argument is the name of the tag converted to lower case, and
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the \var{method} argument is the bound method which should be used to
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support semantic interpretation of the end tag. If no
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\method{end_\var{tag}()} method is defined for the closing element,
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this handler is not called. The base implementation simply calls
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\var{method}.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{handle_data}{data}
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This method is called to process arbitrary data. It is intended to be
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overridden by a derived class; the base class implementation does
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nothing.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{handle_charref}{ref}
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This method is called to process a character reference of the form
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\samp{\&\#\var{ref};}. In the base implementation, \var{ref} must
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be a decimal number in the
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range 0-255. It translates the character to \ASCII{} and calls the
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method \method{handle_data()} with the character as argument. If
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\var{ref} is invalid or out of range, the method
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\code{unknown_charref(\var{ref})} is called to handle the error. A
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subclass must override this method to provide support for named
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character entities.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{handle_entityref}{ref}
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This method is called to process a general entity reference of the
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form \samp{\&\var{ref};} where \var{ref} is an general entity
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reference. It looks for \var{ref} in the instance (or class)
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variable \member{entitydefs} which should be a mapping from entity
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names to corresponding translations. If a translation is found, it
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calls the method \method{handle_data()} with the translation;
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otherwise, it calls the method \code{unknown_entityref(\var{ref})}.
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The default \member{entitydefs} defines translations for
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\code{\&}, \code{\&apos}, \code{\>}, \code{\<}, and
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\code{\"}.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{handle_comment}{comment}
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This method is called when a comment is encountered. The
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\var{comment} argument is a string containing the text between the
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\samp{<!--} and \samp{-->} delimiters, but not the delimiters
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themselves. For example, the comment \samp{<!--text-->} will
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cause this method to be called with the argument \code{'text'}. The
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default method does nothing.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{handle_decl}{data}
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Method called when an SGML declaration is read by the parser. In
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practice, the \code{DOCTYPE} declaration is the only thing observed in
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HTML, but the parser does not discriminate among different (or broken)
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declarations. Internal subsets in a \code{DOCTYPE} declaration are
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not supported. The \var{data} parameter will be the entire contents
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of the declaration inside the \code{<!}...\code{>} markup. The
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default implementation does nothing.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{report_unbalanced}{tag}
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This method is called when an end tag is found which does not
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correspond to any open element.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{unknown_starttag}{tag, attributes}
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This method is called to process an unknown start tag. It is intended
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to be overridden by a derived class; the base class implementation
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does nothing.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{unknown_endtag}{tag}
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This method is called to process an unknown end tag. It is intended
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to be overridden by a derived class; the base class implementation
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does nothing.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{unknown_charref}{ref}
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This method is called to process unresolvable numeric character
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references. Refer to \method{handle_charref()} to determine what is
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handled by default. It is intended to be overridden by a derived
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class; the base class implementation does nothing.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{unknown_entityref}{ref}
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This method is called to process an unknown entity reference. It is
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intended to be overridden by a derived class; the base class
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implementation does nothing.
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\end{methoddesc}
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Apart from overriding or extending the methods listed above, derived
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classes may also define methods of the following form to define
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processing of specific tags. Tag names in the input stream are case
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independent; the \var{tag} occurring in method names must be in lower
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case:
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\begin{methoddescni}{start_\var{tag}}{attributes}
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This method is called to process an opening tag \var{tag}. It has
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preference over \method{do_\var{tag}()}. The
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\var{attributes} argument has the same meaning as described for
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\method{handle_starttag()} above.
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\end{methoddescni}
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\begin{methoddescni}{do_\var{tag}}{attributes}
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This method is called to process an opening tag \var{tag} that does
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not come with a matching closing tag. The \var{attributes} argument
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has the same meaning as described for \method{handle_starttag()} above.
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\end{methoddescni}
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\begin{methoddescni}{end_\var{tag}}{}
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This method is called to process a closing tag \var{tag}.
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\end{methoddescni}
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Note that the parser maintains a stack of open elements for which no
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end tag has been found yet. Only tags processed by
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\method{start_\var{tag}()} are pushed on this stack. Definition of an
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\method{end_\var{tag}()} method is optional for these tags. For tags
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processed by \method{do_\var{tag}()} or by \method{unknown_tag()}, no
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\method{end_\var{tag}()} method must be defined; if defined, it will
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not be used. If both \method{start_\var{tag}()} and
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\method{do_\var{tag}()} methods exist for a tag, the
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\method{start_\var{tag}()} method takes precedence.
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