diff --git a/Lib/test/test_pyexpat.py b/Lib/test/test_pyexpat.py
index a0ba59008ec..b2b4dea0605 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_pyexpat.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_pyexpat.py
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ def test_parse_bytes(self):
         parser = expat.ParserCreate(namespace_separator='!')
         self._hookup_callbacks(parser, out)
 
-        parser.Parse(data, 1)
+        parser.Parse(data, True)
 
         operations = out.out
         self._verify_parse_output(operations)
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ def test_parse_str(self):
         parser = expat.ParserCreate(namespace_separator='!')
         self._hookup_callbacks(parser, out)
 
-        parser.Parse(data.decode('iso-8859-1'), 1)
+        parser.Parse(data.decode('iso-8859-1'), True)
 
         operations = out.out
         self._verify_parse_output(operations)
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ def collector(name, *args):
             L.append(name)
         p.StartElementHandler = collector
         p.EndElementHandler = collector
-        p.Parse(b"<e> <e/> <e></e> </e>", 1)
+        p.Parse(b"<e> <e/> <e></e> </e>", True)
         tag = L[0]
         self.assertEqual(len(L), 6)
         for entry in L:
@@ -332,14 +332,14 @@ def __init__(self, parser):
 
             def ExternalEntityRefHandler(self, context, base, sysId, pubId):
                 external_parser = self.parser.ExternalEntityParserCreate("")
-                self.parser_result = external_parser.Parse(b"", 1)
+                self.parser_result = external_parser.Parse(b"", True)
                 return 1
 
         parser = expat.ParserCreate(namespace_separator='!')
         parser.buffer_text = 1
         out = ExternalOutputter(parser)
         parser.ExternalEntityRefHandler = out.ExternalEntityRefHandler
-        parser.Parse(data, 1)
+        parser.Parse(data, True)
         self.assertEqual(out.parser_result, 1)
 
 
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ def test_default_to_disabled(self):
     def test_buffering_enabled(self):
         # Make sure buffering is turned on
         self.assertTrue(self.parser.buffer_text)
-        self.parser.Parse(b"<a>1<b/>2<c/>3</a>", 1)
+        self.parser.Parse(b"<a>1<b/>2<c/>3</a>", True)
         self.assertEqual(self.stuff, ['123'],
                          "buffered text not properly collapsed")
 
@@ -391,39 +391,39 @@ def test1(self):
         # XXX This test exposes more detail of Expat's text chunking than we
         # XXX like, but it tests what we need to concisely.
         self.setHandlers(["StartElementHandler"])
-        self.parser.Parse(b"<a>1<b buffer-text='no'/>2\n3<c buffer-text='yes'/>4\n5</a>", 1)
+        self.parser.Parse(b"<a>1<b buffer-text='no'/>2\n3<c buffer-text='yes'/>4\n5</a>", True)
         self.assertEqual(self.stuff,
                          ["<a>", "1", "<b>", "2", "\n", "3", "<c>", "4\n5"],
                          "buffering control not reacting as expected")
 
     def test2(self):
-        self.parser.Parse(b"<a>1<b/>&lt;2&gt;<c/>&#32;\n&#x20;3</a>", 1)
+        self.parser.Parse(b"<a>1<b/>&lt;2&gt;<c/>&#32;\n&#x20;3</a>", True)
         self.assertEqual(self.stuff, ["1<2> \n 3"],
                          "buffered text not properly collapsed")
 
     def test3(self):
         self.setHandlers(["StartElementHandler"])
-        self.parser.Parse(b"<a>1<b/>2<c/>3</a>", 1)
+        self.parser.Parse(b"<a>1<b/>2<c/>3</a>", True)
         self.assertEqual(self.stuff, ["<a>", "1", "<b>", "2", "<c>", "3"],
                          "buffered text not properly split")
 
     def test4(self):
         self.setHandlers(["StartElementHandler", "EndElementHandler"])
         self.parser.CharacterDataHandler = None
-        self.parser.Parse(b"<a>1<b/>2<c/>3</a>", 1)
+        self.parser.Parse(b"<a>1<b/>2<c/>3</a>", True)
         self.assertEqual(self.stuff,
                          ["<a>", "<b>", "</b>", "<c>", "</c>", "</a>"])
 
     def test5(self):
         self.setHandlers(["StartElementHandler", "EndElementHandler"])
-        self.parser.Parse(b"<a>1<b></b>2<c/>3</a>", 1)
+        self.parser.Parse(b"<a>1<b></b>2<c/>3</a>", True)
         self.assertEqual(self.stuff,
             ["<a>", "1", "<b>", "</b>", "2", "<c>", "</c>", "3", "</a>"])
 
     def test6(self):
         self.setHandlers(["CommentHandler", "EndElementHandler",
                     "StartElementHandler"])
-        self.parser.Parse(b"<a>1<b/>2<c></c>345</a> ", 1)
+        self.parser.Parse(b"<a>1<b/>2<c></c>345</a> ", True)
         self.assertEqual(self.stuff,
             ["<a>", "1", "<b>", "</b>", "2", "<c>", "</c>", "345", "</a>"],
             "buffered text not properly split")
@@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ def test6(self):
     def test7(self):
         self.setHandlers(["CommentHandler", "EndElementHandler",
                     "StartElementHandler"])
-        self.parser.Parse(b"<a>1<b/>2<c></c>3<!--abc-->4<!--def-->5</a> ", 1)
+        self.parser.Parse(b"<a>1<b/>2<c></c>3<!--abc-->4<!--def-->5</a> ", True)
         self.assertEqual(self.stuff,
                          ["<a>", "1", "<b>", "</b>", "2", "<c>", "</c>", "3",
                           "<!--abc-->", "4", "<!--def-->", "5", "</a>"],
@@ -451,7 +451,7 @@ def test_exception(self):
         parser = expat.ParserCreate()
         parser.StartElementHandler = self.StartElementHandler
         try:
-            parser.Parse(b"<a><b><c/></b></a>", 1)
+            parser.Parse(b"<a><b><c/></b></a>", True)
             self.fail()
         except RuntimeError as e:
             self.assertEqual(e.args[0], 'a',
@@ -499,7 +499,7 @@ def test(self):
                               ('e', 15, 3, 6), ('e', 17, 4, 1), ('e', 22, 5, 0)]
 
         xml = b'<a>\n <b>\n  <c/>\n </b>\n</a>'
-        self.parser.Parse(xml, 1)
+        self.parser.Parse(xml, True)
 
 
 class sf1296433Test(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ def test_disabling_buffer(self):
 
         # Parse one chunk of XML
         self.n = 0
-        parser.Parse(xml1, 0)
+        parser.Parse(xml1, False)
         self.assertEqual(parser.buffer_size, 1024)
         self.assertEqual(self.n, 1)
 
@@ -588,13 +588,13 @@ def test_disabling_buffer(self):
         self.assertFalse(parser.buffer_text)
         self.assertEqual(parser.buffer_size, 1024)
         for i in range(10):
-            parser.Parse(xml2, 0)
+            parser.Parse(xml2, False)
         self.assertEqual(self.n, 11)
 
         parser.buffer_text = 1
         self.assertTrue(parser.buffer_text)
         self.assertEqual(parser.buffer_size, 1024)
-        parser.Parse(xml3, 1)
+        parser.Parse(xml3, True)
         self.assertEqual(self.n, 12)
 
     def counting_handler(self, text):
@@ -621,10 +621,10 @@ def test_change_size_1(self):
         self.assertEqual(parser.buffer_size, 1024)
 
         self.n = 0
-        parser.Parse(xml1, 0)
+        parser.Parse(xml1, False)
         parser.buffer_size *= 2
         self.assertEqual(parser.buffer_size, 2048)
-        parser.Parse(xml2, 1)
+        parser.Parse(xml2, True)
         self.assertEqual(self.n, 2)
 
     def test_change_size_2(self):
@@ -637,10 +637,10 @@ def test_change_size_2(self):
         self.assertEqual(parser.buffer_size, 2048)
 
         self.n=0
-        parser.Parse(xml1, 0)
+        parser.Parse(xml1, False)
         parser.buffer_size = parser.buffer_size // 2
         self.assertEqual(parser.buffer_size, 1024)
-        parser.Parse(xml2, 1)
+        parser.Parse(xml2, True)
         self.assertEqual(self.n, 4)
 
 class MalformedInputTest(unittest.TestCase):
diff --git a/Lib/xml/dom/expatbuilder.py b/Lib/xml/dom/expatbuilder.py
index 2bd835b0359..199c22d0af3 100644
--- a/Lib/xml/dom/expatbuilder.py
+++ b/Lib/xml/dom/expatbuilder.py
@@ -204,11 +204,11 @@ def parseFile(self, file):
                 buffer = file.read(16*1024)
                 if not buffer:
                     break
-                parser.Parse(buffer, 0)
+                parser.Parse(buffer, False)
                 if first_buffer and self.document.documentElement:
                     self._setup_subset(buffer)
                 first_buffer = False
-            parser.Parse("", True)
+            parser.Parse(b"", True)
         except ParseEscape:
             pass
         doc = self.document
@@ -637,7 +637,7 @@ def parseString(self, string):
         nsattrs = self._getNSattrs() # get ns decls from node's ancestors
         document = _FRAGMENT_BUILDER_TEMPLATE % (ident, subset, nsattrs)
         try:
-            parser.Parse(document, 1)
+            parser.Parse(document, True)
         except:
             self.reset()
             raise
@@ -697,7 +697,7 @@ def external_entity_ref_handler(self, context, base, systemId, publicId):
             self.fragment = self.document.createDocumentFragment()
             self.curNode = self.fragment
             try:
-                parser.Parse(self._source, 1)
+                parser.Parse(self._source, True)
             finally:
                 self.curNode = old_cur_node
                 self.document = old_document
diff --git a/Lib/xml/etree/ElementTree.py b/Lib/xml/etree/ElementTree.py
index beb2d68803a..e75200a1b8a 100644
--- a/Lib/xml/etree/ElementTree.py
+++ b/Lib/xml/etree/ElementTree.py
@@ -1710,14 +1710,14 @@ def _default(self, text):
     def feed(self, data):
         """Feed encoded data to parser."""
         try:
-            self.parser.Parse(data, 0)
+            self.parser.Parse(data, False)
         except self._error as v:
             self._raiseerror(v)
 
     def close(self):
         """Finish feeding data to parser and return element structure."""
         try:
-            self.parser.Parse("", 1) # end of data
+            self.parser.Parse(b"", True) # end of data
         except self._error as v:
             self._raiseerror(v)
         try:
diff --git a/Lib/xml/sax/expatreader.py b/Lib/xml/sax/expatreader.py
index 5066ffc2fa5..e334ac9fea0 100644
--- a/Lib/xml/sax/expatreader.py
+++ b/Lib/xml/sax/expatreader.py
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ def __init__(self, namespaceHandling=0, bufsize=2**16-20):
         self._parser = None
         self._namespaces = namespaceHandling
         self._lex_handler_prop = None
-        self._parsing = 0
+        self._parsing = False
         self._entity_stack = []
         self._external_ges = 0
         self._interning = None
@@ -203,10 +203,10 @@ def setProperty(self, name, value):
 
     # IncrementalParser methods
 
-    def feed(self, data, isFinal = 0):
+    def feed(self, data, isFinal=False):
         if not self._parsing:
             self.reset()
-            self._parsing = 1
+            self._parsing = True
             self._cont_handler.startDocument()
 
         try:
@@ -237,13 +237,13 @@ def close(self):
             # If we are completing an external entity, do nothing here
             return
         try:
-            self.feed("", isFinal = 1)
+            self.feed(b"", isFinal=True)
             self._cont_handler.endDocument()
-            self._parsing = 0
+            self._parsing = False
             # break cycle created by expat handlers pointing to our methods
             self._parser = None
         finally:
-            self._parsing = 0
+            self._parsing = False
             if self._parser is not None:
                 # Keep ErrorColumnNumber and ErrorLineNumber after closing.
                 parser = _ClosedParser()
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ def reset(self):
         self._parser.SetParamEntityParsing(
             expat.XML_PARAM_ENTITY_PARSING_UNLESS_STANDALONE)
 
-        self._parsing = 0
+        self._parsing = False
         self._entity_stack = []
 
     # Locator methods
diff --git a/Lib/xmlrpc/client.py b/Lib/xmlrpc/client.py
index 246ef27ffc2..b4b2941ea5b 100644
--- a/Lib/xmlrpc/client.py
+++ b/Lib/xmlrpc/client.py
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ def __init__(self, target):
         target.xml(encoding, None)
 
     def feed(self, data):
-        self._parser.Parse(data, 0)
+        self._parser.Parse(data, False)
 
     def close(self):
         try: