mirror of https://github.com/python/cpython.git
bpo-44903: Removed othergui.rst and list of GUI frameworks (GH-27762)
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Gautam Chaudhuri
GitHub
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@ -14,17 +14,8 @@ Graphic User Interface FAQ
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General GUI Questions
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=====================
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What platform-independent GUI toolkits exist for Python?
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========================================================
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Depending on what platform(s) you are aiming at, there are several. Some
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of them haven't been ported to Python 3 yet. At least `Tkinter`_ and `Qt`_
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are known to be Python 3-compatible.
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.. XXX check links
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Tkinter
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-------
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What GUI toolkits exist for Python?
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===================================
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Standard builds of Python include an object-oriented interface to the Tcl/Tk
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widget set, called :ref:`tkinter <Tkinter>`. This is probably the easiest to
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@ -34,83 +25,12 @@ For more info about Tk, including pointers to the source, see the
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`Tcl/Tk home page <https://www.tcl.tk>`_. Tcl/Tk is fully portable to the
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Mac OS X, Windows, and Unix platforms.
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wxWidgets
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---------
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wxWidgets (https://www.wxwidgets.org) is a free, portable GUI class
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library written in C++ that provides a native look and feel on a
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number of platforms, with Windows, Mac OS X, GTK, X11, all listed as
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current stable targets. Language bindings are available for a number
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of languages including Python, Perl, Ruby, etc.
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`wxPython <https://www.wxpython.org>`_ is the Python binding for
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wxwidgets. While it often lags slightly behind the official wxWidgets
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releases, it also offers a number of features via pure Python
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extensions that are not available in other language bindings. There
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is an active wxPython user and developer community.
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Both wxWidgets and wxPython are free, open source, software with
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permissive licences that allow their use in commercial products as
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well as in freeware or shareware.
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Qt
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---
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There are bindings available for the Qt toolkit (using either `PyQt
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<https://riverbankcomputing.com/software/pyqt/intro>`_ or `PySide
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<https://wiki.qt.io/PySide>`_) and for KDE (`PyKDE4 <https://techbase.kde.org/Languages/Python/Using_PyKDE_4>`__).
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PyQt is currently more mature than PySide, but you must buy a PyQt license from
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`Riverbank Computing <https://www.riverbankcomputing.com/commercial/license-faq>`_
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if you want to write proprietary applications. PySide is free for all applications.
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Qt 4.5 upwards is licensed under the LGPL license; also, commercial licenses
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are available from `The Qt Company <https://www.qt.io/licensing/>`_.
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Gtk+
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----
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The `GObject introspection bindings <https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/PyGObject>`_
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for Python allow you to write GTK+ 3 applications. There is also a
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`Python GTK+ 3 Tutorial <https://python-gtk-3-tutorial.readthedocs.io>`_.
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The older PyGtk bindings for the `Gtk+ 2 toolkit <https://www.gtk.org>`_ have
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been implemented by James Henstridge; see <http://www.pygtk.org>.
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Kivy
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----
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`Kivy <https://kivy.org/>`_ is a cross-platform GUI library supporting both
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desktop operating systems (Windows, macOS, Linux) and mobile devices (Android,
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iOS). It is written in Python and Cython, and can use a range of windowing
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backends.
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Kivy is free and open source software distributed under the MIT license.
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FLTK
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----
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Python bindings for `the FLTK toolkit <http://www.fltk.org>`_, a simple yet
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powerful and mature cross-platform windowing system, are available from `the
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PyFLTK project <https://pyfltk.sourceforge.io/>`_.
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OpenGL
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------
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For OpenGL bindings, see `PyOpenGL <http://pyopengl.sourceforge.net>`_.
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What platform-specific GUI toolkits exist for Python?
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========================================================
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By installing the `PyObjc Objective-C bridge
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<https://pypi.org/project/pyobjc/>`_, Python programs can use Mac OS X's
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Cocoa libraries.
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:ref:`Pythonwin <windows-faq>` by Mark Hammond includes an interface to the
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Microsoft Foundation Classes and a Python programming environment
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that's written mostly in Python using the MFC classes.
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Depending on what platform(s) you are aiming at, there are also several
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alternatives. A `list of cross-platform
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<https://wiki.python.org/moin/GuiProgramming#Cross-Platform_Frameworks>`_ and
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`platform-specific
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<https://wiki.python.org/moin/GuiProgramming#Platform-specific_Frameworks>`_ GUI
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frameworks can be found on the python wiki.
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Tkinter questions
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=================
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@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
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.. _other-gui-packages:
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Other Graphical User Interface Packages
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=======================================
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Major cross-platform (Windows, macOS, Unix-like) GUI toolkits are
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available for Python:
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.. seealso::
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`PyGObject <https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/PyGObject>`_
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PyGObject provides introspection bindings for C libraries using
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`GObject <https://developer.gnome.org/gobject/stable/>`_. One of
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these libraries is the `GTK+ 3 <https://www.gtk.org/>`_ widget set.
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GTK+ comes with many more widgets than Tkinter provides. An online
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`Python GTK+ 3 Tutorial <https://python-gtk-3-tutorial.readthedocs.io/>`_
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is available.
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`PyGTK <http://www.pygtk.org/>`_
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PyGTK provides bindings for an older version
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of the library, GTK+ 2. It provides an object oriented interface that
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is slightly higher level than the C one. There are also bindings to
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`GNOME <https://www.gnome.org/>`_. An online `tutorial
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<http://www.pygtk.org/pygtk2tutorial/index.html>`_ is available.
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`PyQt <https://riverbankcomputing.com/software/pyqt/intro>`_
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PyQt is a :program:`sip`\ -wrapped binding to the Qt toolkit. Qt is an
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extensive C++ GUI application development framework that is
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available for Unix, Windows and macOS. :program:`sip` is a tool
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for generating bindings for C++ libraries as Python classes, and
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is specifically designed for Python.
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`PySide2 <https://doc.qt.io/qtforpython/>`_
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Also known as the Qt for Python project, PySide2 is a newer binding to the
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Qt toolkit. It is provided by The Qt Company and aims to provide a
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complete port of PySide to Qt 5. Compared to PyQt, its licensing scheme is
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friendlier to non-open source applications.
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`wxPython <https://www.wxpython.org>`_
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wxPython is a cross-platform GUI toolkit for Python that is built around
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the popular `wxWidgets <https://www.wxwidgets.org/>`_ (formerly wxWindows)
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C++ toolkit. It provides a native look and feel for applications on
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Windows, macOS, and Unix systems by using each platform's native
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widgets where ever possible, (GTK+ on Unix-like systems). In addition to
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an extensive set of widgets, wxPython provides classes for online
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documentation and context sensitive help, printing, HTML viewing,
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low-level device context drawing, drag and drop, system clipboard access,
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an XML-based resource format and more, including an ever growing library
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of user-contributed modules.
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PyGTK, PyQt, PySide2, and wxPython, all have a modern look and feel and more
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widgets than Tkinter. In addition, there are many other GUI toolkits for
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Python, both cross-platform, and platform-specific. See the `GUI Programming
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<https://wiki.python.org/moin/GuiProgramming>`_ page in the Python Wiki for a
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much more complete list, and also for links to documents where the
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different GUI toolkits are compared.
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@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ bundled with Python. Although its standard documentation is weak, good
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material is available, which includes: references, tutorials, a book and
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others. :mod:`tkinter` is also famous for having an outdated look and feel,
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which has been vastly improved in Tk 8.5. Nevertheless, there are many other
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GUI libraries that you could be interested in. For more information about
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alternatives, see the :ref:`other-gui-packages` section.
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GUI libraries that you could be interested in. The Python wiki lists several
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alternative `GUI frameworks and tools <https://wiki.python.org/moin/GuiProgramming>`_.
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.. toctree::
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@ -41,7 +41,6 @@ alternatives, see the :ref:`other-gui-packages` section.
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tkinter.ttk.rst
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tkinter.tix.rst
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idle.rst
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othergui.rst
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.. Other sections I have in mind are
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Tkinter internals
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@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
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Removed the othergui.rst file, any references to it, and the list of GUI
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frameworks in the FAQ. In their place I've added links to the Python Wiki
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`page on GUI frameworks <https://wiki.python.org/moin/GuiProgramming>`.
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