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**.bat = CRLF **.bat = CRLF
# The Windows readme is likely to be read in Notepad, so make it readable
PCbuild/readme.txt = CRLF
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Quick Start Guide Quick Start Guide
----------------- -----------------
1. Install Microsoft Visual Studio 2015, any edition. 1. Install Microsoft Visual Studio 2015, any edition.
2. Install Subversion, and make sure 'svn.exe' is on your PATH. 2. Install Subversion, and make sure 'svn.exe' is on your PATH.
3. Run "build.bat -e" to build Python in 32-bit Release configuration. 3. Run "build.bat -e" to build Python in 32-bit Release configuration.
4. (Optional, but recommended) Run the test suite with "rt.bat -q". 4. (Optional, but recommended) Run the test suite with "rt.bat -q".
Building Python using Microsoft Visual C++ Building Python using Microsoft Visual C++
------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------
This directory is used to build CPython for Microsoft Windows NT version This directory is used to build CPython for Microsoft Windows NT version
6.0 or higher (Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, or later) on 32 and 64 6.0 or higher (Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, or later) on 32 and 64
bit platforms. Using this directory requires an installation of bit platforms. Using this directory requires an installation of
Microsoft Visual C++ 2015 (MSVC 14.0) of any edition. The specific Microsoft Visual C++ 2015 (MSVC 14.0) of any edition. The specific
requirements are as follows: requirements are as follows:
Visual Studio Express 2015 for Desktop Visual Studio Express 2015 for Desktop
Visual Studio Professional 2015 Visual Studio Professional 2015
Either edition is sufficient for building all configurations except Either edition is sufficient for building all configurations except
for Profile Guided Optimization. for Profile Guided Optimization.
The Python build solution pcbuild.sln makes use of Solution Folders, The Python build solution pcbuild.sln makes use of Solution Folders,
which this edition does not support. Any time pcbuild.sln is opened which this edition does not support. Any time pcbuild.sln is opened
or reloaded by Visual Studio, a warning about Solution Folders will or reloaded by Visual Studio, a warning about Solution Folders will
be displayed, which can be safely dismissed with no impact on your be displayed, which can be safely dismissed with no impact on your
ability to build Python. ability to build Python.
Required for building 64-bit Debug and Release configuration builds Required for building 64-bit Debug and Release configuration builds
Visual Studio Premium 2015 Visual Studio Premium 2015
Required for building Release configuration builds that make use of Required for building Release configuration builds that make use of
Profile Guided Optimization (PGO), on either platform. Profile Guided Optimization (PGO), on either platform.
All you need to do to build is open the solution "pcbuild.sln" in Visual All you need to do to build is open the solution "pcbuild.sln" in Visual
Studio, select the desired combination of configuration and platform, Studio, select the desired combination of configuration and platform,
then build with "Build Solution". You can also build from the command then build with "Build Solution". You can also build from the command
line using the "build.bat" script in this directory; see below for line using the "build.bat" script in this directory; see below for
details. The solution is configured to build the projects in the correct details. The solution is configured to build the projects in the correct
order. order.
The solution currently supports two platforms. The Win32 platform is The solution currently supports two platforms. The Win32 platform is
used to build standard x86-compatible 32-bit binaries, output into the used to build standard x86-compatible 32-bit binaries, output into the
win32 sub-directory. The x64 platform is used for building 64-bit AMD64 win32 sub-directory. The x64 platform is used for building 64-bit AMD64
(aka x86_64 or EM64T) binaries, output into the amd64 sub-directory. (aka x86_64 or EM64T) binaries, output into the amd64 sub-directory.
The Itanium (IA-64) platform is no longer supported. See the "Building The Itanium (IA-64) platform is no longer supported. See the "Building
for AMD64" section below for more information about 64-bit builds. for AMD64" section below for more information about 64-bit builds.
Four configuration options are supported by the solution: Four configuration options are supported by the solution:
Debug Debug
Used to build Python with extra debugging capabilities, equivalent Used to build Python with extra debugging capabilities, equivalent
to using ./configure --with-pydebug on UNIX. All binaries built to using ./configure --with-pydebug on UNIX. All binaries built
using this configuration have "_d" added to their name: using this configuration have "_d" added to their name:
python35_d.dll, python_d.exe, parser_d.pyd, and so on. Both the python35_d.dll, python_d.exe, parser_d.pyd, and so on. Both the
build and rt (run test) batch files in this directory accept a -d build and rt (run test) batch files in this directory accept a -d
option for debug builds. If you are building Python to help with option for debug builds. If you are building Python to help with
development of CPython, you will most likely use this configuration. development of CPython, you will most likely use this configuration.
PGInstrument, PGUpdate PGInstrument, PGUpdate
Used to build Python in Release configuration using PGO, which Used to build Python in Release configuration using PGO, which
requires Premium Edition of Visual Studio. See the "Profile requires Premium Edition of Visual Studio. See the "Profile
Guided Optimization" section below for more information. Build Guided Optimization" section below for more information. Build
output from each of these configurations lands in its own output from each of these configurations lands in its own
sub-directory of this directory. The official Python releases may sub-directory of this directory. The official Python releases may
be built using these configurations. be built using these configurations.
Release Release
Used to build Python as it is meant to be used in production Used to build Python as it is meant to be used in production
settings, though without PGO. settings, though without PGO.
Building Python using the build.bat script Building Python using the build.bat script
---------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------
In this directory you can find build.bat, a script designed to make In this directory you can find build.bat, a script designed to make
building Python on Windows simpler. This script will use the env.bat building Python on Windows simpler. This script will use the env.bat
script to detect one of Visual Studio 2015, 2013, 2012, or 2010, any of script to detect one of Visual Studio 2015, 2013, 2012, or 2010, any of
which may be used to build Python, though only Visual Studio 2015 is which may be used to build Python, though only Visual Studio 2015 is
officially supported. officially supported.
By default, build.bat will build Python in Release configuration for By default, build.bat will build Python in Release configuration for
the 32-bit Win32 platform. It accepts several arguments to change the 32-bit Win32 platform. It accepts several arguments to change
this behavior: this behavior:
-c <configuration> Set the configuration (see above) -c <configuration> Set the configuration (see above)
-d Shortcut for "-c Debug" -d Shortcut for "-c Debug"
-p <platform> Set the platform to build for ("Win32" or "x64") -p <platform> Set the platform to build for ("Win32" or "x64")
-r Rebuild instead of just building -r Rebuild instead of just building
-t <target> Set the target (Build, Rebuild, Clean or CleanAll) -t <target> Set the target (Build, Rebuild, Clean or CleanAll)
-e Use get_externals.bat to fetch external sources -e Use get_externals.bat to fetch external sources
-M Don't build in parallel -M Don't build in parallel
-v Increased output messages -v Increased output messages
Up to 9 MSBuild switches can also be passed, though they must be passed Up to 9 MSBuild switches can also be passed, though they must be passed
after specifying any of the above switches. For example, use: after specifying any of the above switches. For example, use:
build.bat -e -d /fl build.bat -e -d /fl
to do a debug build with externals fetched as needed and write detailed to do a debug build with externals fetched as needed and write detailed
build logs to a file. If the MSBuild switch requires an equal sign build logs to a file. If the MSBuild switch requires an equal sign
("="), the entire switch must be quoted: ("="), the entire switch must be quoted:
build.bat -e -d "/p:ExternalsDir=P:\cpython-externals" build.bat -e -d "/p:ExternalsDir=P:\cpython-externals"
There may also be other situations where quotes are necessary. There may also be other situations where quotes are necessary.
C Runtime C Runtime
--------- ---------
Visual Studio 2015 uses version 14 of the C runtime (MSVCRT14). The Visual Studio 2015 uses version 14 of the C runtime (MSVCRT14). The
executables no longer use the "Side by Side" assemblies used in previous executables no longer use the "Side by Side" assemblies used in previous
versions of the compiler. This simplifies distribution of applications. versions of the compiler. This simplifies distribution of applications.
The run time libraries are available under the VC/Redist folder of your The run time libraries are available under the VC/Redist folder of your
Visual Studio distribution. For more info, see the Readme in the Visual Studio distribution. For more info, see the Readme in the
VC/Redist folder. VC/Redist folder.
Sub-Projects Sub-Projects
------------ ------------
The CPython project is split up into several smaller sub-projects which The CPython project is split up into several smaller sub-projects which
are managed by the pcbuild.sln solution file. Each sub-project is are managed by the pcbuild.sln solution file. Each sub-project is
represented by a .vcxproj and a .vcxproj.filters file starting with the represented by a .vcxproj and a .vcxproj.filters file starting with the
name of the sub-project. These sub-projects fall into a few general name of the sub-project. These sub-projects fall into a few general
categories: categories:
The following sub-projects represent the bare minimum required to build The following sub-projects represent the bare minimum required to build
a functioning CPython interpreter. If nothing else builds but these, a functioning CPython interpreter. If nothing else builds but these,
you'll have a very limited but usable python.exe: you'll have a very limited but usable python.exe:
pythoncore pythoncore
.dll and .lib .dll and .lib
python python
.exe .exe
make_buildinfo, make_versioninfo make_buildinfo, make_versioninfo
helpers to provide necessary information to the build process helpers to provide necessary information to the build process
These sub-projects provide extra executables that are useful for running These sub-projects provide extra executables that are useful for running
CPython in different ways: CPython in different ways:
pythonw pythonw
pythonw.exe, a variant of python.exe that doesn't open a Command pythonw.exe, a variant of python.exe that doesn't open a Command
Prompt window Prompt window
pylauncher pylauncher
py.exe, the Python Launcher for Windows, see py.exe, the Python Launcher for Windows, see
http://docs.python.org/3/using/windows.html#launcher http://docs.python.org/3/using/windows.html#launcher
pywlauncher pywlauncher
pyw.exe, a variant of py.exe that doesn't open a Command Prompt pyw.exe, a variant of py.exe that doesn't open a Command Prompt
window window
_testembed _testembed
_testembed.exe, a small program that embeds Python for testing _testembed.exe, a small program that embeds Python for testing
purposes, used by test_capi.py purposes, used by test_capi.py
These are miscellaneous sub-projects that don't really fit the other These are miscellaneous sub-projects that don't really fit the other
categories: categories:
_freeze_importlib _freeze_importlib
_freeze_importlib.exe, used to regenerate Python\importlib.h after _freeze_importlib.exe, used to regenerate Python\importlib.h after
changes have been made to Lib\importlib\_bootstrap.py changes have been made to Lib\importlib\_bootstrap.py
bdist_wininst bdist_wininst
..\Lib\distutils\command\wininst-14.0[-amd64].exe, the base ..\Lib\distutils\command\wininst-14.0[-amd64].exe, the base
executable used by the distutils bdist_wininst command executable used by the distutils bdist_wininst command
python3dll python3dll
python3.dll, the PEP 384 Stable ABI dll python3.dll, the PEP 384 Stable ABI dll
xxlimited xxlimited
builds an example module that makes use of the PEP 384 Stable ABI, builds an example module that makes use of the PEP 384 Stable ABI,
see Modules\xxlimited.c see Modules\xxlimited.c
The following sub-projects are for individual modules of the standard The following sub-projects are for individual modules of the standard
library which are implemented in C; each one builds a DLL (renamed to library which are implemented in C; each one builds a DLL (renamed to
.pyd) of the same name as the project: .pyd) of the same name as the project:
_ctypes _ctypes
_ctypes_test _ctypes_test
_decimal _decimal
_elementtree _elementtree
_hashlib _hashlib
_msi _msi
_multiprocessing _multiprocessing
_overlapped _overlapped
_socket _socket
_testcapi _testcapi
_testbuffer _testbuffer
_testimportmultiple _testimportmultiple
pyexpat pyexpat
select select
unicodedata unicodedata
winsound winsound
The following Python-controlled sub-projects wrap external projects. The following Python-controlled sub-projects wrap external projects.
Note that these external libraries are not necessary for a working Note that these external libraries are not necessary for a working
interpreter, but they do implement several major features. See the interpreter, but they do implement several major features. See the
"Getting External Sources" section below for additional information "Getting External Sources" section below for additional information
about getting the source for building these libraries. The sub-projects about getting the source for building these libraries. The sub-projects
are: are:
_bz2 _bz2
Python wrapper for version 1.0.6 of the libbzip2 compression library Python wrapper for version 1.0.6 of the libbzip2 compression library
Homepage: Homepage:
http://www.bzip.org/ http://www.bzip.org/
_lzma _lzma
Python wrapper for the liblzma compression library, using pre-built Python wrapper for the liblzma compression library, using pre-built
binaries of XZ Utils version 5.0.5 binaries of XZ Utils version 5.0.5
Homepage: Homepage:
http://tukaani.org/xz/ http://tukaani.org/xz/
_ssl _ssl
Python wrapper for version 1.0.1j of the OpenSSL secure sockets Python wrapper for version 1.0.1j of the OpenSSL secure sockets
library, which is built by ssl.vcxproj library, which is built by ssl.vcxproj
Homepage: Homepage:
http://www.openssl.org/ http://www.openssl.org/
Building OpenSSL requires nasm.exe (the Netwide Assembler), version Building OpenSSL requires nasm.exe (the Netwide Assembler), version
2.10 or newer from 2.10 or newer from
http://www.nasm.us/ http://www.nasm.us/
to be somewhere on your PATH. More recent versions of OpenSSL may to be somewhere on your PATH. More recent versions of OpenSSL may
need a later version of NASM. If OpenSSL's self tests don't pass, need a later version of NASM. If OpenSSL's self tests don't pass,
you should first try to update NASM and do a full rebuild of you should first try to update NASM and do a full rebuild of
OpenSSL. get_externals.py also downloads a snapshot of NASM, and the OpenSSL. get_externals.py also downloads a snapshot of NASM, and the
libeay and ssleay sub-projects use that version of nasm.exe. libeay and ssleay sub-projects use that version of nasm.exe.
The libeay/ssleay sub-projects expect your OpenSSL sources to have The libeay/ssleay sub-projects expect your OpenSSL sources to have
already been configured and be ready to build. If you get your sources already been configured and be ready to build. If you get your sources
from svn.python.org as suggested in the "Getting External Sources" from svn.python.org as suggested in the "Getting External Sources"
section below, the OpenSSL source will already be ready to go. If section below, the OpenSSL source will already be ready to go. If
you want to build a different version, you will need to run you want to build a different version, you will need to run
PCbuild\prepare_ssl.py path\to\openssl-source-dir PCbuild\prepare_ssl.py path\to\openssl-source-dir
That script will prepare your OpenSSL sources in the same way that That script will prepare your OpenSSL sources in the same way that
those available on svn.python.org have been prepared. Note that those available on svn.python.org have been prepared. Note that
Perl must be installed and available on your PATH to configure Perl must be installed and available on your PATH to configure
OpenSSL. ActivePerl is recommended and is available from OpenSSL. ActivePerl is recommended and is available from
http://www.activestate.com/activeperl/ http://www.activestate.com/activeperl/
The libeay and ssleay sub-projects will build the modules of OpenSSL The libeay and ssleay sub-projects will build the modules of OpenSSL
required by _ssl and _hashlib and may need to be manually updated when required by _ssl and _hashlib and may need to be manually updated when
upgrading to a newer version of OpenSSL or when adding new upgrading to a newer version of OpenSSL or when adding new
functionality to _ssl or _hashlib. They will not clean up their output functionality to _ssl or _hashlib. They will not clean up their output
with the normal Clean target; CleanAll should be used instead. with the normal Clean target; CleanAll should be used instead.
_sqlite3 _sqlite3
Wraps SQLite 3.8.3.1, which is itself built by sqlite3.vcxproj Wraps SQLite 3.8.3.1, which is itself built by sqlite3.vcxproj
Homepage: Homepage:
http://www.sqlite.org/ http://www.sqlite.org/
_tkinter _tkinter
Wraps version 8.6.1 of the Tk windowing system. Wraps version 8.6.1 of the Tk windowing system.
Homepage: Homepage:
http://www.tcl.tk/ http://www.tcl.tk/
Tkinter's dependencies are built by the tcl.vcxproj and tk.vcxproj Tkinter's dependencies are built by the tcl.vcxproj and tk.vcxproj
projects. The tix.vcxproj project also builds the Tix extended projects. The tix.vcxproj project also builds the Tix extended
widget set for use with Tkinter. widget set for use with Tkinter.
Those three projects install their respective components in a Those three projects install their respective components in a
directory alongside the source directories called "tcltk" on directory alongside the source directories called "tcltk" on
Win32 and "tcltk64" on x64. They also copy the Tcl and Tk DLLs Win32 and "tcltk64" on x64. They also copy the Tcl and Tk DLLs
into the current output directory, which should ensure that Tkinter into the current output directory, which should ensure that Tkinter
is able to load Tcl/Tk without having to change your PATH. is able to load Tcl/Tk without having to change your PATH.
The tcl, tk, and tix sub-projects do not clean their builds with The tcl, tk, and tix sub-projects do not clean their builds with
the normal Clean target; if you need to rebuild, you should use the the normal Clean target; if you need to rebuild, you should use the
CleanAll target or manually delete their builds. CleanAll target or manually delete their builds.
Getting External Sources Getting External Sources
------------------------ ------------------------
The last category of sub-projects listed above wrap external projects The last category of sub-projects listed above wrap external projects
Python doesn't control, and as such a little more work is required in Python doesn't control, and as such a little more work is required in
order to download the relevant source files for each project before they order to download the relevant source files for each project before they
can be built. However, a simple script is provided to make this as can be built. However, a simple script is provided to make this as
painless as possible, called "get_externals.bat" and located in this painless as possible, called "get_externals.bat" and located in this
directory. This script extracts all the external sub-projects from directory. This script extracts all the external sub-projects from
http://svn.python.org/projects/external http://svn.python.org/projects/external
via Subversion (so you'll need svn.exe on your PATH) and places them via Subversion (so you'll need svn.exe on your PATH) and places them
in ..\externals (relative to this directory). in ..\externals (relative to this directory).
It is also possible to download sources from each project's homepage, It is also possible to download sources from each project's homepage,
though you may have to change folder names or pass the names to MSBuild though you may have to change folder names or pass the names to MSBuild
as the values of certain properties in order for the build solution to as the values of certain properties in order for the build solution to
find them. This is an advanced topic and not necessarily fully find them. This is an advanced topic and not necessarily fully
supported. supported.
Building for AMD64 Building for AMD64
------------------ ------------------
The build process for AMD64 / x64 is very similar to standard builds, The build process for AMD64 / x64 is very similar to standard builds,
you just have to set x64 as platform. In addition, the HOST_PYTHON you just have to set x64 as platform. In addition, the HOST_PYTHON
environment variable must point to a Python interpreter (at least 2.4), environment variable must point to a Python interpreter (at least 2.4),
to support cross-compilation from Win32. to support cross-compilation from Win32.
Profile Guided Optimization Profile Guided Optimization
--------------------------- ---------------------------
The solution has two configurations for PGO. The PGInstrument The solution has two configurations for PGO. The PGInstrument
configuration must be built first. The PGInstrument binaries are linked configuration must be built first. The PGInstrument binaries are linked
against a profiling library and contain extra debug information. The against a profiling library and contain extra debug information. The
PGUpdate configuration takes the profiling data and generates optimized PGUpdate configuration takes the profiling data and generates optimized
binaries. binaries.
The build_pgo.bat script automates the creation of optimized binaries. The build_pgo.bat script automates the creation of optimized binaries.
It creates the PGI files, runs the unit test suite or PyBench with the It creates the PGI files, runs the unit test suite or PyBench with the
PGI python, and finally creates the optimized files. PGI python, and finally creates the optimized files.
See See
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/e7k32f4k(VS.100).aspx http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/e7k32f4k(VS.100).aspx
for more on this topic. for more on this topic.
Static library Static library
-------------- --------------
The solution has no configuration for static libraries. However it is The solution has no configuration for static libraries. However it is
easy to build a static library instead of a DLL. You simply have to set easy to build a static library instead of a DLL. You simply have to set
the "Configuration Type" to "Static Library (.lib)" and alter the the "Configuration Type" to "Static Library (.lib)" and alter the
preprocessor macro "Py_ENABLE_SHARED" to "Py_NO_ENABLE_SHARED". You may preprocessor macro "Py_ENABLE_SHARED" to "Py_NO_ENABLE_SHARED". You may
also have to change the "Runtime Library" from "Multi-threaded DLL also have to change the "Runtime Library" from "Multi-threaded DLL
(/MD)" to "Multi-threaded (/MT)". (/MD)" to "Multi-threaded (/MT)".
Visual Studio properties Visual Studio properties
------------------------ ------------------------
The PCbuild solution makes use of Visual Studio property files (*.props) The PCbuild solution makes use of Visual Studio property files (*.props)
to simplify each project. The properties can be viewed in the Property to simplify each project. The properties can be viewed in the Property
Manager (View -> Other Windows -> Property Manager) but should be Manager (View -> Other Windows -> Property Manager) but should be
carefully modified by hand. carefully modified by hand.
The property files used are: The property files used are:
* python (versions, directories and build names) * python (versions, directories and build names)
* pyproject (base settings for all projects) * pyproject (base settings for all projects)
* openssl (used by libeay and ssleay projects) * openssl (used by libeay and ssleay projects)
* tcltk (used by _tkinter, tcl, tk and tix projects) * tcltk (used by _tkinter, tcl, tk and tix projects)
The pyproject property file defines all of the build settings for each The pyproject property file defines all of the build settings for each
project, with some projects overriding certain specific values. The GUI project, with some projects overriding certain specific values. The GUI
doesn't always reflect the correct settings and may confuse the user doesn't always reflect the correct settings and may confuse the user
with false information, especially for settings that automatically adapt with false information, especially for settings that automatically adapt
for diffirent configurations. for diffirent configurations.
Your Own Extension DLLs Your Own Extension DLLs
----------------------- -----------------------
If you want to create your own extension module DLL (.pyd), there's an If you want to create your own extension module DLL (.pyd), there's an
example with easy-to-follow instructions in ..\PC\example\; read the example with easy-to-follow instructions in ..\PC\example\; read the
file readme.txt there first. file readme.txt there first.