cpython/Doc/lib/libzipfile.tex

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\section{\module{zipfile} ---
Work with ZIP archives}
\declaremodule{standard}{zipfile}
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\modulesynopsis{Read and write ZIP-format archive files.}
\moduleauthor{James C. Ahlstrom}{jim@interet.com}
\sectionauthor{James C. Ahlstrom}{jim@interet.com}
% LaTeX markup by Fred L. Drake, Jr. <fdrake@acm.org>
\versionadded{1.6}
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The ZIP file format is a common archive and compression standard.
This module provides tools to create, read, write, append, and list a
ZIP file. Any advanced use of this module will require an
understanding of the format, as defined in
\citetitle[http://www.pkware.com/appnote.html]{PKZIP Application
Note}.
This module does not currently handle ZIP files which have appended
comments, or multi-disk ZIP files.
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The available attributes of this module are:
\begin{excdesc}{error}
The error raised for bad ZIP files.
\end{excdesc}
\begin{classdesc}{ZipFile}{\unspecified}
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The class for reading and writing ZIP files. See
``\citetitle{ZipFile Objects}'' (section \ref{zipfile-objects}) for
constructor details.
\end{classdesc}
\begin{classdesc}{PyZipFile}{\unspecified}
Class for creating ZIP archives containing Python libraries.
\end{classdesc}
\begin{classdesc}{ZipInfo}{\optional{filename\optional{, date_time}}}
Class used the represent infomation about a member of an archive.
Instances of this class are returned by the \method{getinfo()} and
\method{infolist()} methods of \class{ZipFile} objects. Most users
of the \module{zipfile} module will not need to create these, but
only use those created by this module.
\var{filename} should be the full name of the archive member, and
\var{date_time} should be a tuple containing six fields which
describe the time of the last modification to the file; the fields
are described in section \ref{zipinfo-objects}, ``ZipInfo Objects.''
\end{classdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{is_zipfile}{filename}
Returns true if \var{filename} is a valid ZIP file based on its magic
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number, otherwise returns false. This module does not currently
handle ZIP files which have appended comments.
\end{funcdesc}
\begin{datadesc}{ZIP_STORED}
The numeric constant for an uncompressed archive member.
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\end{datadesc}
\begin{datadesc}{ZIP_DEFLATED}
The numeric constant for the usual ZIP compression method. This
requires the zlib module. No other compression methods are
currently supported.
\end{datadesc}
\begin{seealso}
\seetitle[http://www.pkware.com/appnote.html]{PKZIP Application
Note}{Documentation on the ZIP file format by Phil
Katz, the creator of the format and algorithms used.}
\seetitle[http://www.info-zip.org/pub/infozip/]{Info-ZIP Home Page}{
Information about the Info-ZIP project's ZIP archive
programs and development libraries.}
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\end{seealso}
\subsection{ZipFile Objects \label{zipfile-objects}}
\begin{classdesc}{ZipFile}{filename\optional{, mode\optional{, compression}}}
Open a ZIP file named \var{filename}. The \var{mode} parameter
should be \code{'r'} to read an existing file, \code{'w'} to
truncate and write a new file, or \code{'a'} to append to an
existing file. For \var{mode} is \code{'a'} and \var{filename}
refers to an existing ZIP file, then additional files are added to
it. If \var{filename} does not refer to a ZIP file, then a new ZIP
archive is appended to the file. This is meant for adding a ZIP
archive to another file, such as \file{python.exe}. Using
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\begin{verbatim}
cat myzip.zip >> python.exe
\end{verbatim}
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also works, and at least \program{WinZip} can read such files.
\var{compression} is the ZIP compression method to use when writing
the archive, and should be \constant{ZIP_STORED} or
\constant{ZIP_DEFLATED}; unrecognized values will cause
\exception{RuntimeError} to be raised. If \constant{ZIP_DEFLATED}
is specified but the \refmodule{zlib} module is not avaialble,
\exception{RuntimeError} is also raised. The default is
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\constant{ZIP_STORED}.
\end{classdesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{close}{}
Close the archive file. You must call \method{close()} before
exiting your program or essential records will not be written.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{getinfo}{name}
Return a \class{ZipInfo} object with information about the archive
member \var{name}.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{infolist}{}
Return a list containing a \class{ZipInfo} object for each member of
the archive. The objects are in the same order as their entries in
the actual ZIP file on disk if an existing archive was opened.
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\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{namelist}{}
Return a list of archive members by name.
\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{printdir}{}
Print a table of contents for the archive to \code{sys.stdout}.
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\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{read}{name}
Return the bytes of the file in the archive. The archive must be
open for read or append.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{testzip}{}
Read all the files in the archive and check their CRC's. Return the
name of the first bad file, or else return \code{None}.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{write}{filename\optional{, arcname\optional{,
compress_type}}}
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Write the file named \var{filename} to the archive, giving it the
archive name \var{arcname} (by default, this will be the same as
\var{filename}). If given, \var{compress_type} overrides the value
given for the \var{compression} parameter to the constructor for
the new entry. The archive must be open with mode \code{'w'} or
\code{'a'}.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{writestr}{zinfo, bytes}
Write the string \var{bytes} to the archive; meta-information is
given as the \class{ZipInfo} instance \var{zinfo}. At least the
filename, date, and time must be given by \var{zinfo}. The archive
must be opened with mode \code{'w'} or \code{'a'}.
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\end{methoddesc}
The following data attribute is also available:
\begin{memberdesc}{debug}
The level of debug output to use. This may be set from \code{0}
(the default, no output) to \code{3} (the most output). Debugging
information is written to \code{sys.stdout}.
\end{memberdesc}
\subsection{PyZipFile Objects \label{pyzipfile-objects}}
The \class{PyZipFile} constructor takes the same parameters as the
\class{ZipFile} constructor. Instances have one method in addition to
those of \class{ZipFile} objects.
\begin{methoddesc}[PyZipFile]{writepy}{pathname\optional{, basename}}
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Search for files \file{*.py} and add the corresponding file to the
archive. The corresponding file is a \file{*.pyo} file if
available, else a \file{*.pyc} file, compiling if necessary. If the
pathname is a file, the filename must end with \file{.py}, and just
the (corresponding \file{*.py[co]}) file is added at the top level
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(no path information). If it is a directory, and the directory is
not a package directory, then all the files \file{*.py[co]} are
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added at the top level. If the directory is a package directory,
then all \file{*.py[oc]} are added under the package name as a file
path, and if any subdirectories are package directories, all of
these are added recursively. \var{basename} is intended for
internal use only. The \method{writepy()} method makes archives
with file names like this:
\begin{verbatim}
string.pyc # Top level name
test/__init__.pyc # Package directory
test/testall.pyc # Module test.testall
test/bogus/__init__.pyc # Subpackage directory
test/bogus/myfile.pyc # Submodule test.bogus.myfile
\end{verbatim}
\end{methoddesc}
\subsection{ZipInfo Objects \label{zipinfo-objects}}
Instances of the \class{ZipInfo} class are returned by the
\method{getinfo()} and \method{infolist()} methods of
\class{ZipFile} objects. Each object stores information about a
single member of the ZIP archive.
Instances have the following attributes:
\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{filename}
Name of the file in the archive.
\end{memberdesc}
\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{date_time}
The time and date of the last modification to to the archive
member. This is a tuple of six values:
\begin{tableii}{c|l}{code}{Index}{Value}
\lineii{0}{Year}
\lineii{1}{Month (one-based)}
\lineii{2}{Day of month (one-based)}
\lineii{3}{Hours (zero-based)}
\lineii{4}{Minutes (zero-based)}
\lineii{5}{Seconds (zero-based)}
\end{tableii}
\end{memberdesc}
\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{compress_type}
Type of compression for the archive member.
\end{memberdesc}
\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{comment}
Comment for the individual archive member.
\end{memberdesc}
\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{extra}
Expansion field data. The
\citetitle[http://www.pkware.com/appnote.html]{PKZIP Application
Note} contains some comments on the internal structure of the data
contained in this string.
\end{memberdesc}
\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{create_system}
System which created ZIP archive.
\end{memberdesc}
\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{create_version}
PKZIP version which created ZIP archive.
\end{memberdesc}
\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{extract_version}
PKZIP version needed to extract archive.
\end{memberdesc}
\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{reserved}
Must be zero.
\end{memberdesc}
\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{flag_bits}
ZIP flag bits.
\end{memberdesc}
\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{volume}
Volume number of file header.
\end{memberdesc}
\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{internal_attr}
Internal attributes.
\end{memberdesc}
\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{external_attr}
External file attributes.
\end{memberdesc}
\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{header_offset}
Byte offset to the file header.
\end{memberdesc}
\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{file_offset}
Byte offset to the start of the file data.
\end{memberdesc}
\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{CRC}
CRC-32 of the uncompressed file.
\end{memberdesc}
\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{compress_size}
Size of the compressed data.
\end{memberdesc}
\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{file_size}
Size of the uncompressed file.
\end{memberdesc}