cpython/Lib/shelve.py

"""Manage shelves of pickled objects.

A "shelf" is a persistent, dictionary-like object.  The difference
with dbm databases is that the values (not the keys!) in a shelf can
be essentially arbitrary Python objects -- anything that the "pickle"
module can handle.  This includes most class instances, recursive data
types, and objects containing lots of shared sub-objects.  The keys
are ordinary strings.

To summarize the interface (key is a string, data is an arbitrary
object):

	import shelve
	d = shelve.open(filename) # open, with (g)dbm filename -- no suffix

	d[key] = data	# store data at key (overwrites old data if
			# using an existing key)
	data = d[key]	# retrieve data at key (raise KeyError if no
			# such key)
	del d[key]	# delete data stored at key (raises KeyError
			# if no such key)
	flag = d.has_key(key)	# true if the key exists
	list = d.keys()	# a list of all existing keys (slow!)

	d.close()	# close it

Dependent on the implementation, closing a persistent dictionary may
or may not be necessary to flush changes to disk.
"""

# Try using cPickle and cStringIO if available.

try:
	from cPickle import Pickler, Unpickler
except ImportError:
	from pickle import Pickler, Unpickler

try:
	from cStringIO import StringIO
except ImportError:
	from StringIO import StringIO


class Shelf:
	"""Base class for shelf implementations.

	This is initialized with a dictionary-like object.
	See the module's __doc__ string for an overview of the interface.
	"""

	def __init__(self, dict):
		self.dict = dict
	
	def keys(self):
		return self.dict.keys()
	
	def __len__(self):
		return len(self.dict)
	
	def has_key(self, key):
		return self.dict.has_key(key)

	def get(self, key, default=None):
	        if self.dict.has_key(key):
			return self[key]
		return default
	
	def __getitem__(self, key):
		f = StringIO(self.dict[key])
		return Unpickler(f).load()
	
	def __setitem__(self, key, value):
		f = StringIO()
		p = Pickler(f)
		p.dump(value)
		self.dict[key] = f.getvalue()
	
	def __delitem__(self, key):
		del self.dict[key]
	
	def close(self):
		try:
			self.dict.close()
		except:
			pass
		self.dict = 0

	def __del__(self):
		self.close()

	def sync(self):
		if hasattr(self.dict, 'sync'):
			self.dict.sync()
	    

class BsdDbShelf(Shelf):
	"""Shelf implementation using the "BSD" db interface.

	This adds methods first(), next(), previous(), last() and
	set_location() that have no counterpart in [g]dbm databases.

	The actual database must be opened using one of the "bsddb"
	modules "open" routines (i.e. bsddb.hashopen, bsddb.btopen or
	bsddb.rnopen) and passed to the constructor.

	See the module's __doc__ string for an overview of the interface.
	"""

	def __init__(self, dict):
	    Shelf.__init__(self, dict)

	def set_location(self, key):
	     (key, value) = self.dict.set_location(key)
	     f = StringIO(value)
	     return (key, Unpickler(f).load())

	def next(self):
	     (key, value) = self.dict.next()
	     f = StringIO(value)
	     return (key, Unpickler(f).load())

	def previous(self):
	     (key, value) = self.dict.previous()
	     f = StringIO(value)
	     return (key, Unpickler(f).load())

	def first(self):
	     (key, value) = self.dict.first()
	     f = StringIO(value)
	     return (key, Unpickler(f).load())

	def last(self):
	     (key, value) = self.dict.last()
	     f = StringIO(value)
	     return (key, Unpickler(f).load())


class DbfilenameShelf(Shelf):
	"""Shelf implementation using the "anydbm" generic dbm interface.

	This is initialized with the filename for the dbm database.
	See the module's __doc__ string for an overview of the interface.
	"""
	
	def __init__(self, filename, flag='c'):
		import anydbm
		Shelf.__init__(self, anydbm.open(filename, flag))


def open(filename, flag='c'):
	"""Open a persistent dictionary for reading and writing.

	Argument is the filename for the dbm database.
	See the module's __doc__ string for an overview of the interface.
	"""
	
	return DbfilenameShelf(filename, flag)