cpython/Lib/ntpath.py

# Module 'ntpath' -- common operations on DOS pathnames

import os
import stat
import string


# Normalize the case of a pathname.
# On MS-DOS it maps the pathname to lowercase, turns slashes into
# backslashes.
# Other normalizations (such as optimizing '../' away) are not allowed
# (this is done by normpath).
# Previously, this version mapped invalid consecutive characters to a 
# single '_', but this has been removed.  This functionality should 
# possibly be added as a new function.

def normcase(s):
	res, s = splitdrive(s)
	for c in s:
		if c in '/\\':
			res = res + os.sep
		else:
			res = res + c
	return string.lower(res)

# Return wheter a path is absolute.
# Trivial in Posix, harder on the Mac or MS-DOS.
# For DOS it is absolute if it starts with a slash or backslash (current
# volume), or if a pathname after the volume letter and colon starts with
# a slash or backslash.

def isabs(s):
	s = splitdrive(s)[1]
	return s != '' and s[:1] in '/\\'


# Join two pathnames.
# Ignore the first part if the second part is absolute.
# Insert a '/' unless the first part is empty or already ends in '/'.

def join(a, b):
	if isabs(b): return b
	if a == '' or a[-1:] in '/\\': return a + b
	# Note: join('x', '') returns 'x/'; is this what we want?
	return a + os.sep + b


# Split a path in a drive specification (a drive letter followed by a
# colon) and the path specification.
# It is always true that drivespec + pathspec == p
def splitdrive(p):
	if p[1:2] == ':':
		return p[0:2], p[2:]
	return '', p


# Split a path in head (everything up to the last '/') and tail (the
# rest).  If the original path ends in '/' but is not the root, this
# '/' is stripped.  After the trailing '/' is stripped, the invariant
# join(head, tail) == p holds.
# The resulting head won't end in '/' unless it is the root.

def split(p):
	d, p = splitdrive(p)
	slashes = ''
	while p and p[-1:] in '/\\':
		slashes = slashes + p[-1]
		p = p[:-1]
	if p == '':
		p = p + slashes
	head, tail = '', ''
	for c in p:
		tail = tail + c
		if c in '/\\':
			head, tail = head + tail, ''
	slashes = ''
	while head and head[-1:] in '/\\':
		slashes = slashes + head[-1]
		head = head[:-1]
	if head == '':
		head = head + slashes
	return d + head, tail


# Split a path in root and extension.
# The extension is everything starting at the first dot in the last
# pathname component; the root is everything before that.
# It is always true that root + ext == p.

def splitext(p):
	root, ext = '', ''
	for c in p:
		if c in '/\\':
			root, ext = root + ext + c, ''
		elif c == '.' or ext:
			ext = ext + c
		else:
			root = root + c
	return root, ext


# Return the tail (basename) part of a path.

def basename(p):
	return split(p)[1]


# Return the head (dirname) part of a path.

def dirname(p):
	return split(p)[0]


# Return the longest prefix of all list elements.

def commonprefix(m):
	if not m: return ''
	prefix = m[0]
	for item in m:
		for i in range(len(prefix)):
			if prefix[:i+1] <> item[:i+1]:
				prefix = prefix[:i]
				if i == 0: return ''
				break
	return prefix


# Is a path a symbolic link?
# This will always return false on systems where posix.lstat doesn't exist.

def islink(path):
	return 0


# Does a path exist?
# This is false for dangling symbolic links.

def exists(path):
	try:
		st = os.stat(path)
	except os.error:
		return 0
	return 1


# Is a path a dos directory?
# This follows symbolic links, so both islink() and isdir() can be true
# for the same path.

def isdir(path):
	try:
		st = os.stat(path)
	except os.error:
		return 0
	return stat.S_ISDIR(st[stat.ST_MODE])


# Is a path a regular file?
# This follows symbolic links, so both islink() and isdir() can be true
# for the same path.

def isfile(path):
	try:
		st = os.stat(path)
	except os.error:
		return 0
	return stat.S_ISREG(st[stat.ST_MODE])


# Are two filenames really pointing to the same file?

def samefile(f1, f2):
	s1 = os.stat(f1)
	s2 = os.stat(f2)
	return samestat(s1, s2)


# Are two open files really referencing the same file?
# (Not necessarily the same file descriptor!)
# XXX THIS IS BROKEN UNDER DOS! ST_INO seems to indicate number of reads?

def sameopenfile(fp1, fp2):
	s1 = os.fstat(fp1.fileno())
	s2 = os.fstat(fp2.fileno())
	return samestat(s1, s2)


# Are two stat buffers (obtained from stat, fstat or lstat)
# describing the same file?

def samestat(s1, s2):
	return s1[stat.ST_INO] == s2[stat.ST_INO] and \
		s1[stat.ST_DEV] == s2[stat.ST_DEV]


# Is a path a mount point?
# XXX This degenerates in: 'is this the root?' on DOS

def ismount(path):
	return isabs(splitdrive(path)[1])


# Directory tree walk.
# For each directory under top (including top itself, but excluding
# '.' and '..'), func(arg, dirname, filenames) is called, where
# dirname is the name of the directory and filenames is the list
# files files (and subdirectories etc.) in the directory.
# The func may modify the filenames list, to implement a filter,
# or to impose a different order of visiting.

def walk(top, func, arg):
	try:
		names = os.listdir(top)
	except os.error:
		return
	func(arg, top, names)
	exceptions = ('.', '..')
	for name in names:
		if name not in exceptions:
			name = join(top, name)
			if isdir(name):
				walk(name, func, arg)


# Expand paths beginning with '~' or '~user'.
# '~' means $HOME; '~user' means that user's home directory.
# If the path doesn't begin with '~', or if the user or $HOME is unknown,
# the path is returned unchanged (leaving error reporting to whatever
# function is called with the expanded path as argument).
# See also module 'glob' for expansion of *, ? and [...] in pathnames.
# (A function should also be defined to do full *sh-style environment
# variable expansion.)

def expanduser(path):
	if path[:1] <> '~':
		return path
	i, n = 1, len(path)
	while i < n and path[i] not in '/\\':
		i = i+1
	if i == 1:
		try:
			drive=os.environ['HOMEDRIVE']
		except KeyError:
			drive = ''
		if not os.environ.has_key('HOMEPATH'):
			return path
		userhome = join(drive, os.environ['HOMEPATH'])
	else:
		return path
	return userhome + path[i:]


# Expand paths containing shell variable substitutions.
# The following rules apply:
#	- no expansion within single quotes
#	- no escape character, except for '$$' which is translated into '$'
#	- ${varname} is accepted.
#	- varnames can be made out of letters, digits and the character '_'
# XXX With COMMAND.COM you can use any characters in a variable name,
# XXX except '^|<>='.

varchars = string.letters + string.digits + '_-'

def expandvars(path):
	if '$' not in path:
		return path
	res = ''
	index = 0
	pathlen = len(path)
	while index < pathlen:
		c = path[index]
		if c == '\'':	# no expansion within single quotes
			path = path[index + 1:]
			pathlen = len(path)
			try:
				index = string.index(path, '\'')
				res = res + '\'' + path[:index + 1]
			except string.index_error:
				res = res + path
				index = pathlen -1
		elif c == '$':	# variable or '$$'
			if path[index + 1:index + 2] == '$':
				res = res + c
				index = index + 1
			elif path[index + 1:index + 2] == '{':
				path = path[index+2:]
				pathlen = len(path)
				try:
					index = string.index(path, '}')
					var = path[:index]
					if os.environ.has_key(var):
						res = res + os.environ[var]
				except string.index_error:
					res = res + path
					index = pathlen - 1
			else:
				var = ''
				index = index + 1
				c = path[index:index + 1]
				while c != '' and c in varchars:
					var = var + c
					index = index + 1
					c = path[index:index + 1]
				if os.environ.has_key(var):
					res = res + os.environ[var]
				if c != '':
					res = res + c
		else:
			res = res + c
		index = index + 1
	return res


# Normalize a path, e.g. A//B, A/./B and A/foo/../B all become A/B.
# Previously, this function also truncated pathnames to 8+3 format,
# but as this module is called "ntpath", that's obviously wrong!

def normpath(path):
	path = normcase(path)
	prefix, path = splitdrive(path)
	while path[:1] == os.sep:
		prefix = prefix + os.sep
		path = path[1:]
	comps = string.splitfields(path, os.sep)
	i = 0
	while i < len(comps):
		if comps[i] == '.':
			del comps[i]
		elif comps[i] == '..' and i > 0 and \
					  comps[i-1] not in ('', '..'):
			del comps[i-1:i+1]
			i = i-1
		elif comps[i] == '' and i > 0 and comps[i-1] <> '':
			del comps[i]
		else:
			i = i+1
	# If the path is now empty, substitute '.'
	if not prefix and not comps:
		comps.append('.')
	return prefix + string.joinfields(comps, os.sep)