cpython/Lib/test/re_tests.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- mode: python -*-
# $Id$

# Re test suite and benchmark suite v1.5

# The 3 possible outcomes for each pattern
[SUCCEED, FAIL, SYNTAX_ERROR] = range(3)

# Benchmark suite (needs expansion)
#
# The benchmark suite does not test correctness, just speed.  The
# first element of each tuple is the regex pattern; the second is a 
# string to match it against.  The benchmarking code will embed the
# second string inside several sizes of padding, to test how regex 
# matching performs on large strings.

benchmarks = [
    ('Python', 'Python'),		# Simple text literal
    ('.*Python', 'Python'),		# Bad text literal
    ('.*Python.*', 'Python'),		# Worse text literal
    ('.*(Python)', 'Python'),		# Bad text literal with grouping
    
    ('(Python|Perl|Tcl', 'Perl'),	# Alternation
    ('(Python|Perl|Tcl)', 'Perl'),	# Grouped alternation
    ('(Python)\\1', 'PythonPython'),	# Backreference
    ('([0a-z][a-z]*,)+', 'a5,b7,c9,'),	# Disable the fastmap optimization
    ('([a-z][a-z0-9]*,)+', 'a5,b7,c9,') # A few sets
]

# Test suite (for verifying correctness)
#
# The test suite is a list of 5- or 3-tuples.  The 5 parts of a
# complete tuple are:
# element 0: a string containing the pattern
#         1: the string to match against the pattern
#         2: the expected result (SUCCEED, FAIL, SYNTAX_ERROR)
#         3: a string that will be eval()'ed to produce a test string.
#            This is an arbitrary Python expression; the available
#            variables are "found" (the whole match), and "g1", "g2", ...
#            up to "g99" contain the contents of each group, or the
#            string 'None' if the group wasn't given a value, or the
#            string 'Error' if the group index was out of range;
#            also "groups", the return value of m.group() (a tuple).
#         4: The expected result of evaluating the expression.
#            If the two don't match, an error is reported.
#
# If the regex isn't expected to work, the latter two elements can be omitted.

tests = [ 
    # Test ?P< and ?P= extensions
    ('(?P<foo_123', '', SYNTAX_ERROR),      # Unterminated group identifier
    ('(?P<1>a)', '', SYNTAX_ERROR),         # Begins with a digit
    ('(?P<!>a)', '', SYNTAX_ERROR),         # Begins with an illegal char
    ('(?P<foo!>a)', '', SYNTAX_ERROR),      # Begins with an illegal char

    # Same tests, for the ?P= form
    ('(?P<foo_123>a)(?P=foo_123', 'aa', SYNTAX_ERROR),
    ('(?P<foo_123>a)(?P=1)', 'aa', SYNTAX_ERROR),
    ('(?P<foo_123>a)(?P=!)', 'aa', SYNTAX_ERROR),
    ('(?P<foo_123>a)(?P=foo_124', 'aa', SYNTAX_ERROR),  # Backref to undefined group

    ('(?P<foo_123>a)', 'a', SUCCEED, 'g1', 'a'),
    ('(?P<foo_123>a)(?P=foo_123)', 'aa', SUCCEED, 'g1', 'a'),

    # Test octal escapes
    ('\\1', 'a', SYNTAX_ERROR),    # Backreference
    ('[\\1]', '\1', SUCCEED, 'found', '\1'),  # Character
    ('\\09', chr(0) + '9', SUCCEED, 'found', chr(0) + '9'),
    ('\\141', 'a', SUCCEED, 'found', 'a'),
    ('(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)(f)(g)(h)(i)(j)(k)(l)\\119', 'abcdefghijklk9', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g11', 'abcdefghijklk9-k'),

    # Test \0 is handled everywhere
    (r'\0', '\0', SUCCEED, 'found', '\0'),
    (r'[\0a]', '\0', SUCCEED, 'found', '\0'),
    (r'[a\0]', '\0', SUCCEED, 'found', '\0'),
    (r'[^a\0]', '\0', FAIL),
    
    # Test various letter escapes
    (r'\a[\b]\f\n\r\t\v', '\a\b\f\n\r\t\v', SUCCEED, 'found', '\a\b\f\n\r\t\v'),
    (r'[\a][\b][\f][\n][\r][\t][\v]', '\a\b\f\n\r\t\v', SUCCEED, 'found', '\a\b\f\n\r\t\v'),
    (r'\u', '', SYNTAX_ERROR),    # A Perl escape
    (r'\c\e\g\h\i\j\k\m\o\p\q\y\z', 'ceghijkmopqyz', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ceghijkmopqyz'),
    (r'\xff', '\377', SUCCEED, 'found', chr(255)),
    (r'\x00ffffffffffffff', '\377', SUCCEED, 'found', chr(255)),
    (r'\x00f', '\017', SUCCEED, 'found', chr(15)),
    (r'\x00fe', '\376', SUCCEED, 'found', chr(254)),

    (r"^\w+=(\\[\000-\277]|[^\n\\])*", "SRC=eval.c g.c blah blah blah \\\\\n\tapes.c", 
     SUCCEED, 'found', "SRC=eval.c g.c blah blah blah \\\\"),
     
    # Test that . only matches \n in DOTALL mode
    ('a.b', 'acb', SUCCEED, 'found', 'acb'),
    ('a.b', 'a\nb', FAIL),
    ('a.*b', 'acc\nccb', FAIL),
    ('a.{4,5}b', 'acc\nccb', FAIL),
    ('a.b', 'a\rb', SUCCEED, 'found', 'a\rb'),
    ('a.b(?s)', 'a\nb', SUCCEED, 'found', 'a\nb'),
    ('a.*(?s)b', 'acc\nccb', SUCCEED, 'found', 'acc\nccb'),
    ('(?s)a.{4,5}b', 'acc\nccb', SUCCEED, 'found', 'acc\nccb'),
    ('(?s)a.b', 'a\nb', SUCCEED, 'found', 'a\nb'),

    (')', '', SYNTAX_ERROR),           # Unmatched right bracket
    ('', '', SUCCEED, 'found', ''),    # Empty pattern
    ('abc', 'abc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abc'),
    ('abc', 'xbc', FAIL),
    ('abc', 'axc', FAIL),
    ('abc', 'abx', FAIL),
    ('abc', 'xabcy', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abc'),
    ('abc', 'ababc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abc'),
    ('ab*c', 'abc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abc'),
    ('ab*bc', 'abc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abc'),
    ('ab*bc', 'abbc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abbc'),
    ('ab*bc', 'abbbbc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abbbbc'),
    ('ab+bc', 'abbc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abbc'),
    ('ab+bc', 'abc', FAIL),
    ('ab+bc', 'abq', FAIL),
    ('ab+bc', 'abbbbc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abbbbc'),
    ('ab?bc', 'abbc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abbc'),
    ('ab?bc', 'abc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abc'),
    ('ab?bc', 'abbbbc', FAIL),
    ('ab?c', 'abc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abc'),
    ('^abc$', 'abc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abc'),
    ('^abc$', 'abcc', FAIL),
    ('^abc', 'abcc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abc'),
    ('^abc$', 'aabc', FAIL),
    ('abc$', 'aabc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abc'),
    ('^', 'abc', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"', '-'),
    ('$', 'abc', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"', '-'),
    ('a.c', 'abc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abc'),
    ('a.c', 'axc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'axc'),
    ('a.*c', 'axyzc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'axyzc'),
    ('a.*c', 'axyzd', FAIL),
    ('a[bc]d', 'abc', FAIL),
    ('a[bc]d', 'abd', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abd'),
    ('a[b-d]e', 'abd', FAIL),
    ('a[b-d]e', 'ace', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ace'),
    ('a[b-d]', 'aac', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ac'),
    ('a[-b]', 'a-', SUCCEED, 'found', 'a-'),
    ('a[\\-b]', 'a-', SUCCEED, 'found', 'a-'),
    ('a[b-]', 'a-', SYNTAX_ERROR),
    ('a[]b', '-', SYNTAX_ERROR),
    ('a[', '-', SYNTAX_ERROR),
    ('a\\', '-', SYNTAX_ERROR),
    ('abc)', '-', SYNTAX_ERROR),
    ('(abc', '-', SYNTAX_ERROR),
    ('a]', 'a]', SUCCEED, 'found', 'a]'),
    ('a[]]b', 'a]b', SUCCEED, 'found', 'a]b'),
    ('a[\]]b', 'a]b', SUCCEED, 'found', 'a]b'),
    ('a[^bc]d', 'aed', SUCCEED, 'found', 'aed'),
    ('a[^bc]d', 'abd', FAIL),
    ('a[^-b]c', 'adc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'adc'),
    ('a[^-b]c', 'a-c', FAIL),
    ('a[^]b]c', 'a]c', FAIL),
    ('a[^]b]c', 'adc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'adc'),
    ('\\ba\\b', 'a-', SUCCEED, '"-"', '-'),
    ('\\ba\\b', '-a', SUCCEED, '"-"', '-'),
    ('\\ba\\b', '-a-', SUCCEED, '"-"', '-'),
    ('\\by\\b', 'xy', FAIL),
    ('\\by\\b', 'yz', FAIL),
    ('\\by\\b', 'xyz', FAIL),
    ('x\\b', 'xyz', FAIL),
    ('x\\B', 'xyz', SUCCEED, '"-"', '-'),
    ('\\Bz', 'xyz', SUCCEED, '"-"', '-'),
    ('z\\B', 'xyz', FAIL),
    ('\\Bx', 'xyz', FAIL),
    ('\\Ba\\B', 'a-', FAIL, '"-"', '-'),
    ('\\Ba\\B', '-a', FAIL, '"-"', '-'),
    ('\\Ba\\B', '-a-', FAIL, '"-"', '-'),
    ('\\By\\B', 'xy', FAIL),
    ('\\By\\B', 'yz', FAIL),
    ('\\By\\b', 'xy', SUCCEED, '"-"', '-'),
    ('\\by\\B', 'yz', SUCCEED, '"-"', '-'),
    ('\\By\\B', 'xyz', SUCCEED, '"-"', '-'),
    ('ab|cd', 'abc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ab'),
    ('ab|cd', 'abcd', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ab'),
    ('()ef', 'def', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'ef-'),
    ('$b', 'b', FAIL),
    ('a\\(b', 'a(b', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'a(b-Error'),
    ('a\\(*b', 'ab', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ab'),
    ('a\\(*b', 'a((b', SUCCEED, 'found', 'a((b'),
    ('a\\\\b', 'a\\b', SUCCEED, 'found', 'a\\b'),
    ('((a))', 'abc', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1+"-"+g2', 'a-a-a'),
    ('(a)b(c)', 'abc', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1+"-"+g2', 'abc-a-c'),
    ('a+b+c', 'aabbabc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abc'),
    ('(a+|b)*', 'ab', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'ab-b'),
    ('(a+|b)+', 'ab', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'ab-b'),
    ('(a+|b)?', 'ab', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'a-a'),
    (')(', '-', SYNTAX_ERROR),
    ('[^ab]*', 'cde', SUCCEED, 'found', 'cde'),
    ('abc', '', FAIL),
    ('a*', '', SUCCEED, 'found', ''),
    ('a|b|c|d|e', 'e', SUCCEED, 'found', 'e'),
    ('(a|b|c|d|e)f', 'ef', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'ef-e'),
    ('abcd*efg', 'abcdefg', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abcdefg'),
    ('ab*', 'xabyabbbz', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ab'),
    ('ab*', 'xayabbbz', SUCCEED, 'found', 'a'),
    ('(ab|cd)e', 'abcde', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'cde-cd'),
    ('[abhgefdc]ij', 'hij', SUCCEED, 'found', 'hij'),
    ('^(ab|cd)e', 'abcde', FAIL, 'xg1y', 'xy'),
    ('(abc|)ef', 'abcdef', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'ef-'),
    ('(a|b)c*d', 'abcd', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'bcd-b'),
    ('(ab|ab*)bc', 'abc', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'abc-a'),
    ('a([bc]*)c*', 'abc', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'abc-bc'),
    ('a([bc]*)(c*d)', 'abcd', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1+"-"+g2', 'abcd-bc-d'),
    ('a([bc]+)(c*d)', 'abcd', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1+"-"+g2', 'abcd-bc-d'),
    ('a([bc]*)(c+d)', 'abcd', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1+"-"+g2', 'abcd-b-cd'),
    ('a[bcd]*dcdcde', 'adcdcde', SUCCEED, 'found', 'adcdcde'),
    ('a[bcd]+dcdcde', 'adcdcde', FAIL),
    ('(ab|a)b*c', 'abc', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'abc-ab'),
    ('((a)(b)c)(d)', 'abcd', SUCCEED, 'g1+"-"+g2+"-"+g3+"-"+g4', 'abc-a-b-d'),
    ('[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*', 'alpha', SUCCEED, 'found', 'alpha'),
    ('^a(bc+|b[eh])g|.h$', 'abh', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'bh-None'),
    ('(bc+d$|ef*g.|h?i(j|k))', 'effgz', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1+"-"+g2', 'effgz-effgz-None'),
    ('(bc+d$|ef*g.|h?i(j|k))', 'ij', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1+"-"+g2', 'ij-ij-j'),
    ('(bc+d$|ef*g.|h?i(j|k))', 'effg', FAIL),
    ('(bc+d$|ef*g.|h?i(j|k))', 'bcdd', FAIL),
    ('(bc+d$|ef*g.|h?i(j|k))', 'reffgz', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1+"-"+g2', 'effgz-effgz-None'),
    ('(((((((((a)))))))))', 'a', SUCCEED, 'found', 'a'),
    ('multiple words of text', 'uh-uh', FAIL),
    ('multiple words', 'multiple words, yeah', SUCCEED, 'found', 'multiple words'),
    ('(.*)c(.*)', 'abcde', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1+"-"+g2', 'abcde-ab-de'),
    ('\\((.*), (.*)\\)', '(a, b)', SUCCEED, 'g2+"-"+g1', 'b-a'),
    ('[k]', 'ab', FAIL),
    ('a[-]?c', 'ac', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ac'),
    ('(abc)\\1', 'abcabc', SUCCEED, 'g1', 'abc'),
    ('([a-c]*)\\1', 'abcabc', SUCCEED, 'g1', 'abc'),
    ('^(.+)?B', 'AB', SUCCEED, 'g1', 'A'),
    ('(a+).\\1$', 'aaaaa', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'aaaaa-aa'),
    ('^(a+).\\1$', 'aaaa', FAIL),
    ('(abc)\\1', 'abcabc', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'abcabc-abc'),
    ('([a-c]+)\\1', 'abcabc', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'abcabc-abc'),
    ('(a)\\1', 'aa', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'aa-a'),
    ('(a+)\\1', 'aa', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'aa-a'),
    ('(a+)+\\1', 'aa', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'aa-a'),
    ('(a).+\\1', 'aba', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'aba-a'),
    ('(a)ba*\\1', 'aba', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'aba-a'),
    ('(aa|a)a\\1$', 'aaa', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'aaa-a'),
    ('(a|aa)a\\1$', 'aaa', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'aaa-a'),
    ('(a+)a\\1$', 'aaa', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'aaa-a'),
    ('([abc]*)\\1', 'abcabc', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'abcabc-abc'),
    ('(a)(b)c|ab', 'ab', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1+"-"+g2', 'ab-None-None'),
    ('(a)+x', 'aaax', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'aaax-a'),
    ('([ac])+x', 'aacx', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'aacx-c'),
    ('([^/]*/)*sub1/', 'd:msgs/tdir/sub1/trial/away.cpp', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'd:msgs/tdir/sub1/-tdir/'),
    ('([^.]*)\\.([^:]*):[T ]+(.*)', 'track1.title:TBlah blah blah', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1+"-"+g2+"-"+g3', 'track1.title:TBlah blah blah-track1-title-Blah blah blah'),
    ('([^N]*N)+', 'abNNxyzN', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'abNNxyzN-xyzN'),
    ('([^N]*N)+', 'abNNxyz', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'abNN-N'),
    ('([abc]*)x', 'abcx', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'abcx-abc'),
    ('([abc]*)x', 'abc', FAIL),
    ('([xyz]*)x', 'abcx', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'x-'),
    ('(a)+b|aac', 'aac', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'aac-None'),

    # Test symbolic groups

    ('(?P<i d>aaa)a', 'aaaa', SYNTAX_ERROR),
    ('(?P<id>aaa)a', 'aaaa', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+id', 'aaaa-aaa'),
    ('(?P<id>aa)(?P=id)', 'aaaa', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+id', 'aaaa-aa'),
    ('(?P<id>aa)(?P=xd)', 'aaaa', SYNTAX_ERROR),

    # Test octal escapes/memory references

    ('\\1', 'a', SYNTAX_ERROR),
    ('\\09', chr(0) + '9', SUCCEED, 'found', chr(0) + '9'),
    ('\\141', 'a', SUCCEED, 'found', 'a'),
    ('(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)(f)(g)(h)(i)(j)(k)(l)\\119', 'abcdefghijklk9', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g11', 'abcdefghijklk9-k'),
    
    # All tests from Perl

    ('abc', 'abc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abc'),
    ('abc', 'xbc', FAIL),
    ('abc', 'axc', FAIL),
    ('abc', 'abx', FAIL),
    ('abc', 'xabcy', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abc'),
    ('abc', 'ababc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abc'),
    ('ab*c', 'abc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abc'),
    ('ab*bc', 'abc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abc'),
    ('ab*bc', 'abbc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abbc'),
    ('ab*bc', 'abbbbc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abbbbc'),
    ('ab{0,}bc', 'abbbbc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abbbbc'),
    ('ab+bc', 'abbc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abbc'),
    ('ab+bc', 'abc', FAIL),
    ('ab+bc', 'abq', FAIL),
    ('ab{1,}bc', 'abq', FAIL),
    ('ab+bc', 'abbbbc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abbbbc'),
    ('ab{1,}bc', 'abbbbc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abbbbc'),
    ('ab{1,3}bc', 'abbbbc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abbbbc'),
    ('ab{3,4}bc', 'abbbbc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abbbbc'),
    ('ab{4,5}bc', 'abbbbc', FAIL),
    ('ab?bc', 'abbc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abbc'),
    ('ab?bc', 'abc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abc'),
    ('ab{0,1}bc', 'abc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abc'),
    ('ab?bc', 'abbbbc', FAIL),
    ('ab?c', 'abc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abc'),
    ('ab{0,1}c', 'abc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abc'),
    ('^abc$', 'abc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abc'),
    ('^abc$', 'abcc', FAIL),
    ('^abc', 'abcc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abc'),
    ('^abc$', 'aabc', FAIL),
    ('abc$', 'aabc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abc'),
    ('^', 'abc', SUCCEED, 'found', ''),
    ('$', 'abc', SUCCEED, 'found', ''),
    ('a.c', 'abc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abc'),
    ('a.c', 'axc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'axc'),
    ('a.*c', 'axyzc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'axyzc'),
    ('a.*c', 'axyzd', FAIL),
    ('a[bc]d', 'abc', FAIL),
    ('a[bc]d', 'abd', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abd'),
    ('a[b-d]e', 'abd', FAIL),
    ('a[b-d]e', 'ace', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ace'),
    ('a[b-d]', 'aac', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ac'),
    ('a[-b]', 'a-', SUCCEED, 'found', 'a-'),
    ('a[b-]', 'a-', SUCCEED, 'found', 'a-'),
    ('a[b-a]', '-', SYNTAX_ERROR),
    ('a[]b', '-', SYNTAX_ERROR),
    ('a[', '-', SYNTAX_ERROR),
    ('a]', 'a]', SUCCEED, 'found', 'a]'),
    ('a[]]b', 'a]b', SUCCEED, 'found', 'a]b'),
    ('a[^bc]d', 'aed', SUCCEED, 'found', 'aed'),
    ('a[^bc]d', 'abd', FAIL),
    ('a[^-b]c', 'adc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'adc'),
    ('a[^-b]c', 'a-c', FAIL),
    ('a[^]b]c', 'a]c', FAIL),
    ('a[^]b]c', 'adc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'adc'),
    ('ab|cd', 'abc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ab'),
    ('ab|cd', 'abcd', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ab'),
    ('()ef', 'def', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'ef-'),
    ('*a', '-', SYNTAX_ERROR),
    ('(*)b', '-', SYNTAX_ERROR),
    ('$b', 'b', FAIL),
    ('a\\', '-', SYNTAX_ERROR),
    ('a\\(b', 'a(b', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'a(b-Error'),
    ('a\\(*b', 'ab', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ab'),
    ('a\\(*b', 'a((b', SUCCEED, 'found', 'a((b'),
    ('a\\\\b', 'a\\b', SUCCEED, 'found', 'a\\b'),
    ('abc)', '-', SYNTAX_ERROR),
    ('(abc', '-', SYNTAX_ERROR),
    ('((a))', 'abc', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1+"-"+g2', 'a-a-a'),
    ('(a)b(c)', 'abc', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1+"-"+g2', 'abc-a-c'),
    ('a+b+c', 'aabbabc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abc'),
    ('a{1,}b{1,}c', 'aabbabc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abc'),
    ('a**', '-', SYNTAX_ERROR),
    ('a.+?c', 'abcabc', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abc'),
    ('(a+|b)*', 'ab', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'ab-b'),
    ('(a+|b){0,}', 'ab', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'ab-b'),
    ('(a+|b)+', 'ab', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'ab-b'),
    ('(a+|b){1,}', 'ab', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'ab-b'),
    ('(a+|b)?', 'ab', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'a-a'),
    ('(a+|b){0,1}', 'ab', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'a-a'),
    (')(', '-', SYNTAX_ERROR),
    ('[^ab]*', 'cde', SUCCEED, 'found', 'cde'),
    ('abc', '', FAIL),
    ('a*', '', SUCCEED, 'found', ''),
    ('([abc])*d', 'abbbcd', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'abbbcd-c'),
    ('([abc])*bcd', 'abcd', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'abcd-a'),
    ('a|b|c|d|e', 'e', SUCCEED, 'found', 'e'),
    ('(a|b|c|d|e)f', 'ef', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'ef-e'),
    ('abcd*efg', 'abcdefg', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abcdefg'),
    ('ab*', 'xabyabbbz', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ab'),
    ('ab*', 'xayabbbz', SUCCEED, 'found', 'a'),
    ('(ab|cd)e', 'abcde', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'cde-cd'),
    ('[abhgefdc]ij', 'hij', SUCCEED, 'found', 'hij'),
    ('^(ab|cd)e', 'abcde', FAIL),
    ('(abc|)ef', 'abcdef', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'ef-'),
    ('(a|b)c*d', 'abcd', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'bcd-b'),
    ('(ab|ab*)bc', 'abc', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'abc-a'),
    ('a([bc]*)c*', 'abc', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'abc-bc'),
    ('a([bc]*)(c*d)', 'abcd', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1+"-"+g2', 'abcd-bc-d'),
    ('a([bc]+)(c*d)', 'abcd', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1+"-"+g2', 'abcd-bc-d'),
    ('a([bc]*)(c+d)', 'abcd', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1+"-"+g2', 'abcd-b-cd'),
    ('a[bcd]*dcdcde', 'adcdcde', SUCCEED, 'found', 'adcdcde'),
    ('a[bcd]+dcdcde', 'adcdcde', FAIL),
    ('(ab|a)b*c', 'abc', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'abc-ab'),
    ('((a)(b)c)(d)', 'abcd', SUCCEED, 'g1+"-"+g2+"-"+g3+"-"+g4', 'abc-a-b-d'),
    ('[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*', 'alpha', SUCCEED, 'found', 'alpha'),
    ('^a(bc+|b[eh])g|.h$', 'abh', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'bh-None'),
    ('(bc+d$|ef*g.|h?i(j|k))', 'effgz', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1+"-"+g2', 'effgz-effgz-None'),
    ('(bc+d$|ef*g.|h?i(j|k))', 'ij', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1+"-"+g2', 'ij-ij-j'),
    ('(bc+d$|ef*g.|h?i(j|k))', 'effg', FAIL),
    ('(bc+d$|ef*g.|h?i(j|k))', 'bcdd', FAIL),
    ('(bc+d$|ef*g.|h?i(j|k))', 'reffgz', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1+"-"+g2', 'effgz-effgz-None'),
    ('((((((((((a))))))))))', 'a', SUCCEED, 'g10', 'a'),
    ('((((((((((a))))))))))\\10', 'aa', SUCCEED, 'found', 'aa'),
# Python does not have the same rules for \\41 so this is a syntax error
#    ('((((((((((a))))))))))\\41', 'aa', FAIL),
#    ('((((((((((a))))))))))\\41', 'a!', SUCCEED, 'found', 'a!'),
    ('((((((((((a))))))))))\\41', '', SYNTAX_ERROR),
    ('(?i)((((((((((a))))))))))\\41', '', SYNTAX_ERROR),
    ('(((((((((a)))))))))', 'a', SUCCEED, 'found', 'a'),
    ('multiple words of text', 'uh-uh', FAIL),
    ('multiple words', 'multiple words, yeah', SUCCEED, 'found', 'multiple words'),
    ('(.*)c(.*)', 'abcde', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1+"-"+g2', 'abcde-ab-de'),
    ('\\((.*), (.*)\\)', '(a, b)', SUCCEED, 'g2+"-"+g1', 'b-a'),
    ('[k]', 'ab', FAIL),
    ('a[-]?c', 'ac', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ac'),
    ('(abc)\\1', 'abcabc', SUCCEED, 'g1', 'abc'),
    ('([a-c]*)\\1', 'abcabc', SUCCEED, 'g1', 'abc'),
    ('(?i)abc', 'ABC', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ABC'),
    ('(?i)abc', 'XBC', FAIL),
    ('(?i)abc', 'AXC', FAIL),
    ('(?i)abc', 'ABX', FAIL),
    ('(?i)abc', 'XABCY', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ABC'),
    ('(?i)abc', 'ABABC', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ABC'),
    ('(?i)ab*c', 'ABC', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ABC'),
    ('(?i)ab*bc', 'ABC', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ABC'),
    ('(?i)ab*bc', 'ABBC', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ABBC'),
    ('(?i)ab*?bc', 'ABBBBC', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ABBBBC'),
    ('(?i)ab{0,}?bc', 'ABBBBC', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ABBBBC'),
    ('(?i)ab+?bc', 'ABBC', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ABBC'),
    ('(?i)ab+bc', 'ABC', FAIL),
    ('(?i)ab+bc', 'ABQ', FAIL),
    ('(?i)ab{1,}bc', 'ABQ', FAIL),
    ('(?i)ab+bc', 'ABBBBC', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ABBBBC'),
    ('(?i)ab{1,}?bc', 'ABBBBC', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ABBBBC'),
    ('(?i)ab{1,3}?bc', 'ABBBBC', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ABBBBC'),
    ('(?i)ab{3,4}?bc', 'ABBBBC', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ABBBBC'),
    ('(?i)ab{4,5}?bc', 'ABBBBC', FAIL),
    ('(?i)ab??bc', 'ABBC', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ABBC'),
    ('(?i)ab??bc', 'ABC', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ABC'),
    ('(?i)ab{0,1}?bc', 'ABC', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ABC'),
    ('(?i)ab??bc', 'ABBBBC', FAIL),
    ('(?i)ab??c', 'ABC', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ABC'),
    ('(?i)ab{0,1}?c', 'ABC', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ABC'),
    ('(?i)^abc$', 'ABC', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ABC'),
    ('(?i)^abc$', 'ABCC', FAIL),
    ('(?i)^abc', 'ABCC', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ABC'),
    ('(?i)^abc$', 'AABC', FAIL),
    ('(?i)abc$', 'AABC', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ABC'),
    ('(?i)^', 'ABC', SUCCEED, 'found', ''),
    ('(?i)$', 'ABC', SUCCEED, 'found', ''),
    ('(?i)a.c', 'ABC', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ABC'),
    ('(?i)a.c', 'AXC', SUCCEED, 'found', 'AXC'),
    ('(?i)a.*?c', 'AXYZC', SUCCEED, 'found', 'AXYZC'),
    ('(?i)a.*c', 'AXYZD', FAIL),
    ('(?i)a[bc]d', 'ABC', FAIL),
    ('(?i)a[bc]d', 'ABD', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ABD'),
    ('(?i)a[b-d]e', 'ABD', FAIL),
    ('(?i)a[b-d]e', 'ACE', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ACE'),
    ('(?i)a[b-d]', 'AAC', SUCCEED, 'found', 'AC'),
    ('(?i)a[-b]', 'A-', SUCCEED, 'found', 'A-'),
    ('(?i)a[b-]', 'A-', SUCCEED, 'found', 'A-'),
    ('(?i)a[b-a]', '-', SYNTAX_ERROR),
    ('(?i)a[]b', '-', SYNTAX_ERROR),
    ('(?i)a[', '-', SYNTAX_ERROR),
    ('(?i)a]', 'A]', SUCCEED, 'found', 'A]'),
    ('(?i)a[]]b', 'A]B', SUCCEED, 'found', 'A]B'),
    ('(?i)a[^bc]d', 'AED', SUCCEED, 'found', 'AED'),
    ('(?i)a[^bc]d', 'ABD', FAIL),
    ('(?i)a[^-b]c', 'ADC', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ADC'),
    ('(?i)a[^-b]c', 'A-C', FAIL),
    ('(?i)a[^]b]c', 'A]C', FAIL),
    ('(?i)a[^]b]c', 'ADC', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ADC'),
    ('(?i)ab|cd', 'ABC', SUCCEED, 'found', 'AB'),
    ('(?i)ab|cd', 'ABCD', SUCCEED, 'found', 'AB'),
    ('(?i)()ef', 'DEF', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'EF-'),
    ('(?i)*a', '-', SYNTAX_ERROR),
    ('(?i)(*)b', '-', SYNTAX_ERROR),
    ('(?i)$b', 'B', FAIL),
    ('(?i)a\\', '-', SYNTAX_ERROR),
    ('(?i)a\\(b', 'A(B', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'A(B-Error'),
    ('(?i)a\\(*b', 'AB', SUCCEED, 'found', 'AB'),
    ('(?i)a\\(*b', 'A((B', SUCCEED, 'found', 'A((B'),
    ('(?i)a\\\\b', 'A\\B', SUCCEED, 'found', 'A\\B'),
    ('(?i)abc)', '-', SYNTAX_ERROR),
    ('(?i)(abc', '-', SYNTAX_ERROR),
    ('(?i)((a))', 'ABC', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1+"-"+g2', 'A-A-A'),
    ('(?i)(a)b(c)', 'ABC', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1+"-"+g2', 'ABC-A-C'),
    ('(?i)a+b+c', 'AABBABC', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ABC'),
    ('(?i)a{1,}b{1,}c', 'AABBABC', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ABC'),
    ('(?i)a**', '-', SYNTAX_ERROR),
    ('(?i)a.+?c', 'ABCABC', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ABC'),
    ('(?i)a.*?c', 'ABCABC', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ABC'),
    ('(?i)a.{0,5}?c', 'ABCABC', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ABC'),
    ('(?i)(a+|b)*', 'AB', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'AB-B'),
    ('(?i)(a+|b){0,}', 'AB', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'AB-B'),
    ('(?i)(a+|b)+', 'AB', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'AB-B'),
    ('(?i)(a+|b){1,}', 'AB', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'AB-B'),
    ('(?i)(a+|b)?', 'AB', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'A-A'),
    ('(?i)(a+|b){0,1}', 'AB', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'A-A'),
    ('(?i)(a+|b){0,1}?', 'AB', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', '-None'),
    ('(?i))(', '-', SYNTAX_ERROR),
    ('(?i)[^ab]*', 'CDE', SUCCEED, 'found', 'CDE'),
    ('(?i)abc', '', FAIL),
    ('(?i)a*', '', SUCCEED, 'found', ''),
    ('(?i)([abc])*d', 'ABBBCD', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'ABBBCD-C'),
    ('(?i)([abc])*bcd', 'ABCD', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'ABCD-A'),
    ('(?i)a|b|c|d|e', 'E', SUCCEED, 'found', 'E'),
    ('(?i)(a|b|c|d|e)f', 'EF', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'EF-E'),
    ('(?i)abcd*efg', 'ABCDEFG', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ABCDEFG'),
    ('(?i)ab*', 'XABYABBBZ', SUCCEED, 'found', 'AB'),
    ('(?i)ab*', 'XAYABBBZ', SUCCEED, 'found', 'A'),
    ('(?i)(ab|cd)e', 'ABCDE', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'CDE-CD'),
    ('(?i)[abhgefdc]ij', 'HIJ', SUCCEED, 'found', 'HIJ'),
    ('(?i)^(ab|cd)e', 'ABCDE', FAIL),
    ('(?i)(abc|)ef', 'ABCDEF', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'EF-'),
    ('(?i)(a|b)c*d', 'ABCD', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'BCD-B'),
    ('(?i)(ab|ab*)bc', 'ABC', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'ABC-A'),
    ('(?i)a([bc]*)c*', 'ABC', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'ABC-BC'),
    ('(?i)a([bc]*)(c*d)', 'ABCD', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1+"-"+g2', 'ABCD-BC-D'),
    ('(?i)a([bc]+)(c*d)', 'ABCD', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1+"-"+g2', 'ABCD-BC-D'),
    ('(?i)a([bc]*)(c+d)', 'ABCD', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1+"-"+g2', 'ABCD-B-CD'),
    ('(?i)a[bcd]*dcdcde', 'ADCDCDE', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ADCDCDE'),
    ('(?i)a[bcd]+dcdcde', 'ADCDCDE', FAIL),
    ('(?i)(ab|a)b*c', 'ABC', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'ABC-AB'),
    ('(?i)((a)(b)c)(d)', 'ABCD', SUCCEED, 'g1+"-"+g2+"-"+g3+"-"+g4', 'ABC-A-B-D'),
    ('(?i)[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*', 'ALPHA', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ALPHA'),
    ('(?i)^a(bc+|b[eh])g|.h$', 'ABH', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1', 'BH-None'),
    ('(?i)(bc+d$|ef*g.|h?i(j|k))', 'EFFGZ', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1+"-"+g2', 'EFFGZ-EFFGZ-None'),
    ('(?i)(bc+d$|ef*g.|h?i(j|k))', 'IJ', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1+"-"+g2', 'IJ-IJ-J'),
    ('(?i)(bc+d$|ef*g.|h?i(j|k))', 'EFFG', FAIL),
    ('(?i)(bc+d$|ef*g.|h?i(j|k))', 'BCDD', FAIL),
    ('(?i)(bc+d$|ef*g.|h?i(j|k))', 'REFFGZ', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1+"-"+g2', 'EFFGZ-EFFGZ-None'),
    ('(?i)((((((((((a))))))))))', 'A', SUCCEED, 'g10', 'A'),
    ('(?i)((((((((((a))))))))))\\10', 'AA', SUCCEED, 'found', 'AA'),
    #('(?i)((((((((((a))))))))))\\41', 'AA', FAIL),
    #('(?i)((((((((((a))))))))))\\41', 'A!', SUCCEED, 'found', 'A!'),
    ('(?i)(((((((((a)))))))))', 'A', SUCCEED, 'found', 'A'),
    ('(?i)(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:(a))))))))))', 'A', SUCCEED, 'g1', 'A'),
    ('(?i)(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:(a|b|c))))))))))', 'C', SUCCEED, 'g1', 'C'),
    ('(?i)multiple words of text', 'UH-UH', FAIL),
    ('(?i)multiple words', 'MULTIPLE WORDS, YEAH', SUCCEED, 'found', 'MULTIPLE WORDS'),
    ('(?i)(.*)c(.*)', 'ABCDE', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+g1+"-"+g2', 'ABCDE-AB-DE'),
    ('(?i)\\((.*), (.*)\\)', '(A, B)', SUCCEED, 'g2+"-"+g1', 'B-A'),
    ('(?i)[k]', 'AB', FAIL),
#    ('(?i)abcd', 'ABCD', SUCCEED, 'found+"-"+\\found+"-"+\\\\found', 'ABCD-$&-\\ABCD'),
#    ('(?i)a(bc)d', 'ABCD', SUCCEED, 'g1+"-"+\\g1+"-"+\\\\g1', 'BC-$1-\\BC'),
    ('(?i)a[-]?c', 'AC', SUCCEED, 'found', 'AC'),
    ('(?i)(abc)\\1', 'ABCABC', SUCCEED, 'g1', 'ABC'),
    ('(?i)([a-c]*)\\1', 'ABCABC', SUCCEED, 'g1', 'ABC'),
    ('a(?!b).', 'abad', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ad'),
    ('a(?=d).', 'abad', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ad'),
    ('a(?=c|d).', 'abad', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ad'),
    ('a(?:b|c|d)(.)', 'ace', SUCCEED, 'g1', 'e'),
    ('a(?:b|c|d)*(.)', 'ace', SUCCEED, 'g1', 'e'),
    ('a(?:b|c|d)+?(.)', 'ace', SUCCEED, 'g1', 'e'),
    ('a(?:b|(c|e){1,2}?|d)+?(.)', 'ace', SUCCEED, 'g1 + g2', 'ce'),
    ('^(.+)?B', 'AB', SUCCEED, 'g1', 'A'),

    # Comments using the (?#...) syntax

    ('w(?# comment', 'w', SYNTAX_ERROR),
    ('w(?# comment 1)xy(?# comment 2)z', 'wxyz', SUCCEED, 'found', 'wxyz'),

    # Check odd placement of embedded pattern modifiers

    ('w(?i)', 'W', SYNTAX_ERROR),
    
    # Comments using the x embedded pattern modifier

    ("""(?x)w# comment 1
        x y
	# comment 2
	z""", 'wxyz', SUCCEED, 'found', 'wxyz'),

    # using the m embedded pattern modifier

    ('^abc', """jkl
abc
xyz""", FAIL),
    ('(?m)^abc', """jkl
abc
xyz""", SUCCEED, 'found', 'abc'),

    ('(?m)abc$', """jkl
xyzabc
123""", SUCCEED, 'found', 'abc'),
    
    # using the s embedded pattern modifier

    ('a.b', 'a\nb', FAIL),
    ('(?s)a.b', 'a\nb', SUCCEED, 'found', 'a\nb'),

    # test \w, etc. both inside and outside character classes

    ('\\w+', '--ab_cd0123--', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ab_cd0123'),
    ('[\\w]+', '--ab_cd0123--', SUCCEED, 'found', 'ab_cd0123'),
    ('\\D+', '1234abc5678', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abc'),
    ('[\\D]+', '1234abc5678', SUCCEED, 'found', 'abc'),
    ('[\\da-fA-F]+', '123abc', SUCCEED, 'found', '123abc'),
    ('[\\d-x]', '-', SYNTAX_ERROR),
    (r'([\s]*)([\S]*)([\s]*)', ' testing!1972', SUCCEED, 'g3+g2+g1', 'testing!1972 '),
    (r'(\s*)(\S*)(\s*)', ' testing!1972', SUCCEED, 'g3+g2+g1', 'testing!1972 '),

    (r'\xff', '\377', SUCCEED, 'found', chr(255)),
    (r'\x00ff', '\377', SUCCEED, 'found', chr(255)),
    (r'\t\n\v\r\f\a\g', '\t\n\v\r\f\ag', SUCCEED, 'found', '\t\n\v\r\f\ag'),
    ('\t\n\v\r\f\a\g', '\t\n\v\r\f\ag', SUCCEED, 'found', '\t\n\v\r\f\ag'),
    (r'\t\n\v\r\f\a', '\t\n\v\r\f\a', SUCCEED, 'found', chr(9)+chr(10)+chr(11)+chr(13)+chr(12)+chr(7)),
    (r'[\t][\n][\v][\r][\f][\b]', '\t\n\v\r\f\b', SUCCEED, 'found', '\t\n\v\r\f\b'),
]