attrs/docs/api.rst

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.. _api:
API
===
.. currentmodule:: attr
``attrs`` works by decorating a class using :func:`attr.s` and then optionally defining attributes on the class using :func:`attr.ib`.
.. note::
When this documentation speaks about "``attrs`` attributes" it means those attributes that are defined using :func:`attr.ib` in the class body.
What follows is the API explanation, if you'd like a more hands-on introduction, have a look at :doc:`examples`.
Core
----
.. autofunction:: attr.s(add_repr=True, add_cmp=True, add_hash=True, add_init=True)
.. note::
``attrs`` also comes with a less playful alias ``attr.attributes``.
.. autofunction:: attr.ib
.. note::
``attrs`` also comes with a less playful alias ``attr.attr``.
.. autoclass:: attr.Attribute
Instances of this class are frequently used for introspection purposes like:
- Class attributes on ``attrs``-decorated classes.
- :func:`ls` returns a list of them.
- Validators get them passed as the first argument.
.. doctest::
>>> import attr
>>> @attr.s
... class C(object):
... x = attr.ib()
>>> C.x
Attribute(name='x', default_value=NOTHING, default_factory=NOTHING, validator=None)
Helpers
-------
``attrs`` comes with a bunch of helper methods that make the work with it easier:
.. autofunction:: attr.ls
For example:
.. doctest::
>>> @attr.s
... class C(object):
... x = attr.ib()
... y = attr.ib()
>>> attr.ls(C)
[Attribute(name='x', default_value=NOTHING, default_factory=NOTHING, validator=None), Attribute(name='y', default_value=NOTHING, default_factory=NOTHING, validator=None)]
.. autofunction:: attr.has
For example:
.. doctest::
>>> @attr.s
... class C(object):
... pass
>>> attr.has(C)
True
>>> attr.has(object)
False
.. autofunction:: attr.to_dict
For example:
.. doctest::
>>> @attr.s
... class C(object):
... x = attr.ib()
... y = attr.ib()
>>> attr.to_dict(C(1, C(2, 3)))
{'y': {'y': 3, 'x': 2}, 'x': 1}
.. _api_validators:
Validators
----------
``attrs`` comes with some common validators within the ``attrs.validators`` module:
.. autofunction:: attr.validators.instance_of
For example:
.. doctest::
>>> @attr.s
... class C(object):
... x = attr.ib(validator=attr.validators.instance_of(int))
>>> C(42)
C(x=42)
>>> C("42")
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
TypeError: ("'x' must be <type 'int'> (got '42' that is a <type 'str'>).", Attribute(name='x', default_value=NOTHING, default_factory=NOTHING, validator=<instance_of validator for type <type 'int'>>), <type 'int'>, '42')