attrs/attr/_make.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function

import hashlib
import linecache

from ._compat import exec_


class _Nothing(object):
    """
    Sentinel class to indicate the lack of a value when ``None`` is ambiguous.

    All instances of `_Nothing` are equal.
    """
    def __copy__(self):
        return self

    def __deepcopy__(self, _):
        return self

    def __eq__(self, other):
        return self.__class__ == _Nothing

    def __ne__(self, other):
        return not self == other

    def __repr__(self):
        return "NOTHING"


NOTHING = _Nothing()
"""
Sentinel to indicate the lack of a value when ``None`` is ambiguous.
"""


def attr(default=NOTHING, validator=None, no_repr=False, no_cmp=False,
         no_hash=False, no_init=False):
    """
    Create a new attribute on a class.

    .. warning::

        Does nothing unless the class is also decorated with :func:`attr.s`!

    :param default: Value that is used if an ``attrs``-generated
        ``__init__`` is used and no value is passed while instantiating.
    :type default: Any value.

    :param validator: :func:`callable` that is called whenever this attribute
        is assigned a new value (therefore also in ``attrs``-generated
        ``__init__`` methods).   They receive the :class:`Attribute` as
        the first parameter and the passed value as the second parameter.

        The return value is *not* inspected so the validator has to throw an
        exception itself.
    :type validator: callable

    :param no_repr: Exclude this attribute when generating a ``__repr__``.
    :type no_repr: bool

    :param no_cmp: Exclude this attribute when generating comparison methods
        (``__eq__`` et al).
    :type no_cmp: bool

    :param no_hash: Exclude this attribute when generating a ``__hash__``.
    :type no_hash: bool

    :param no_init: Exclude this attribute when generating a ``__init__``.
    :type no_init: bool
    """
    return _CountingAttr(
        default=default,
        validator=validator,
        no_repr=no_repr,
        no_cmp=no_cmp,
        no_hash=no_hash,
        no_init=no_init,
    )


def _transform_attrs(cl):
    """
    Transforms all `_CountingAttr`s on a class into `Attribute`s and saves the
    list in `__attrs_attrs__`.
    """
    cl.__attrs_attrs__ = []
    had_default = False
    for attr_name, ca in sorted(
            ((name, attr) for name, attr
             in cl.__dict__.items()
             if isinstance(attr, _CountingAttr)),
            key=lambda e: e[1].counter
    ):
        a = Attribute.from_counting_attr(name=attr_name, ca=ca)
        if had_default is True and a.default is NOTHING:
            raise ValueError(
                "No mandatory attributes allowed after an atribute with a "
                "default value or factory.  Attribute in question: {a!r}"
                .format(a=a)
            )
        elif had_default is False and a.default is not NOTHING:
            had_default = True
        cl.__attrs_attrs__.append(a)
        setattr(cl, attr_name, a)


def _add_setattr(cl):
    """
    Adds an adequate __setattr__ method.

    E.g. for validations.
    """
    name_to_attr = dict((attr.name, attr) for attr in cl.__attrs_attrs__)
    original_setattr = cl.__setattr__

    def set_attr(self, name, value):
        """
        __setattr__ guard auto-generated by attrs.
        """
        a = name_to_attr.get(name, None)
        if a is None:
            original_setattr(self, name, value)
            return

        if a.validator is not None:
            a.validator(a, value)

        original_setattr(self, name, value)

    cl.__setattr__ = set_attr
    return cl


def attributes(maybe_cl=None, add_repr=True, add_cmp=True, add_hash=True,
               add_init=True):
    """
    A class decorator that adds `dunder
    <https://wiki.python.org/moin/DunderAlias>`_\ -methods according to the
    specified attributes using :func:`attr.ib`.

    :param add_repr: Create a ``__repr__`` method with a human readable
        represantation of ``attrs`` attributes..
    :type add_repr: bool

    :param add_cmp: Create ``__eq__``, ``__ne__``, ``__lt__``, ``__le__``,
        ``__gt__``, and ``__ge__`` methods that compare the class as if it were
        a tuple of its ``attrs`` attributes.  But the attributes are *only*
        compared, if the type of both classes is *identical*!
    :type add_cmp: bool

    :param add_hash: Add a ``__hash__`` method that returns the :func:`hash` of
        a tuple of all ``attrs`` attribute values.
    :type add_hash: bool

    :param add_init: Add a ``__init__`` method that initialiazes the ``attrs``
        attributes.  Leading underscores are stripped for the argument name:.

        .. doctest::

            >>> import attr
            >>> @attr.s
            ... class C(object):
            ...     _private = attr.ib()
            >>> C(private=42)
            C(_private=42)
    :type add_init: bool
    """
    def wrap(cl):
        _transform_attrs(cl)
        if add_repr is True:
            cl = _add_repr(cl)
        if add_cmp is True:
            cl = _add_cmp(cl)
        if add_hash is True:
            cl = _add_hash(cl)
        if add_init is True:
            cl = _add_init(cl)
        return _add_setattr(cl)

    # attrs_or class type depends on the usage of the decorator.  It's a class
    # if it's used as `@attributes` but ``None`` (or a value passed) if used
    # as `@attributes()`.
    if isinstance(maybe_cl, type):
        return wrap(maybe_cl)
    else:
        return wrap


def _attrs_to_tuple(obj, attrs):
    """
    Create a tuple of all values of *obj*'s *attrs*.
    """
    return tuple(getattr(obj, a.name) for a in attrs)


def _add_hash(cl, attrs=None):
    if attrs is None:
        attrs = [a for a in cl.__attrs_attrs__ if not a.no_hash]

    def hash_(self):
        """
        Automatically created by attrs.
        """
        return hash(_attrs_to_tuple(self, attrs))

    cl.__hash__ = hash_
    return cl


def _add_cmp(cl, attrs=None):
    if attrs is None:
        attrs = [a for a in cl.__attrs_attrs__ if not a.no_cmp]

    def attrs_to_tuple(obj):
        """
        Save us some typing.
        """
        return _attrs_to_tuple(obj, attrs)

    def eq(self, other):
        """
        Automatically created by attrs.
        """
        if isinstance(other, self.__class__):
            return attrs_to_tuple(self) == attrs_to_tuple(other)
        else:
            return NotImplemented

    def ne(self, other):
        """
        Automatically created by attrs.
        """
        result = eq(self, other)
        if result is NotImplemented:
            return NotImplemented
        else:
            return not result

    def lt(self, other):
        """
        Automatically created by attrs.
        """
        if isinstance(other, self.__class__):
            return attrs_to_tuple(self) < attrs_to_tuple(other)
        else:
            return NotImplemented

    def le(self, other):
        """
        Automatically created by attrs.
        """
        if isinstance(other, self.__class__):
            return attrs_to_tuple(self) <= attrs_to_tuple(other)
        else:
            return NotImplemented

    def gt(self, other):
        """
        Automatically created by attrs.
        """
        if isinstance(other, self.__class__):
            return attrs_to_tuple(self) > attrs_to_tuple(other)
        else:
            return NotImplemented

    def ge(self, other):
        """
        Automatically created by attrs.
        """
        if isinstance(other, self.__class__):
            return attrs_to_tuple(self) >= attrs_to_tuple(other)
        else:
            return NotImplemented

    cl.__eq__ = eq
    cl.__ne__ = ne
    cl.__lt__ = lt
    cl.__le__ = le
    cl.__gt__ = gt
    cl.__ge__ = ge

    return cl


def _add_repr(cl, attrs=None):
    if attrs is None:
        attrs = [a for a in cl.__attrs_attrs__ if not a.no_repr]

    def repr_(self):
        """
        Automatically created by attrs.
        """
        return "{0}({1})".format(
            self.__class__.__name__,
            ", ".join(a.name + "=" + repr(getattr(self, a.name))
                      for a in attrs)
        )
    cl.__repr__ = repr_
    return cl


def _add_init(cl):
    attrs = [a for a in cl.__attrs_attrs__ if not a.no_init]

    # We cache the generated init methods for the same kinds of attributes.
    sha1 = hashlib.sha1()
    sha1.update(repr(attrs).encode("utf-8"))
    unique_filename = "<attrs generated init {0}>".format(
        sha1.hexdigest()
    )

    script = _attrs_to_script(attrs)
    locs = {}
    bytecode = compile(script, unique_filename, "exec")
    attr_dict = dict((a.name, a) for a in attrs)
    exec_(bytecode, {"NOTHING": NOTHING, "attr_dict": attr_dict}, locs)
    init = locs["__init__"]

    # In order of debuggers like PDB being able to step through the code,
    # we add a fake linecache entry.
    linecache.cache[unique_filename] = (
        len(script),
        None,
        script.splitlines(True),
        unique_filename
    )
    cl.__init__ = init
    return cl


def _attrs_to_script(attrs):
    """
    Return a valid Python script of an initializer for *attrs*.
    """
    lines = []
    args = []
    for a in attrs:
        attr_name = a.name
        arg_name = a.name.lstrip("_")
        if a.default is not NOTHING and not isinstance(a.default, Factory):
            args.append(
                "{arg_name}=attr_dict['{attr_name}'].default".format(
                    arg_name=arg_name,
                    attr_name=attr_name,
                )
            )
            lines.append("self.{attr_name} = {arg_name}".format(
                arg_name=arg_name,
                attr_name=attr_name,
            ))
        elif a.default is not NOTHING and isinstance(a.default, Factory):
            args.append("{arg_name}=NOTHING".format(arg_name=arg_name))
            lines.extend("""\
if {arg_name} is not NOTHING:
    self.{attr_name} = {arg_name}
else:
    self.{attr_name} = attr_dict["{attr_name}"].default.factory()"""
                         .format(attr_name=attr_name,
                                 arg_name=arg_name)
                         .split("\n"))
        else:
            args.append(arg_name)
            lines.append("self.{attr_name} = {arg_name}".format(
                attr_name=attr_name,
                arg_name=arg_name,
            ))

    return """\
def __init__(self, {args}):
    '''
    Attribute initializer automatically created by attrs.
    '''
    {setters}
""".format(
        args=", ".join(args),
        setters="\n    ".join(lines),
    )


class Attribute(object):
    """
    *Read-only* representation of an attribute.

    :attribute name: The name of the attribute.
    :attribute default: see :func:`attr.ib`
    :attribute validator: see :func:`attr.ib`
    """
    _attributes = [
        "name", "default", "validator", "no_repr", "no_cmp", "no_hash",
        "no_init",
    ]  # we can't use ``attrs`` so we have to cheat a little.

    def __init__(self, **kw):
        if len(kw) > len(Attribute._attributes):
            raise TypeError("Too many arguments.")
        try:
            for a in Attribute._attributes:
                setattr(self, a, kw[a])
        except KeyError:
            raise TypeError("Missing argument '{arg}'.".format(arg=a))

    @classmethod
    def from_counting_attr(cl, name, ca):
        return cl(name=name,
                  **dict((k, getattr(ca, k))
                         for k
                         in Attribute._attributes
                         if k != "name"))


_a = [Attribute(name=name, default=NOTHING, validator=None, no_repr=False,
                no_cmp=False, no_hash=False, no_init=False)
      for name in Attribute._attributes]
Attribute = _add_hash(
    _add_cmp(_add_repr(Attribute, attrs=_a), attrs=_a), attrs=_a
)


class _CountingAttr(object):
    __attrs_attrs__ = [
        Attribute(name=name, default=NOTHING, validator=None, no_repr=False,
                  no_cmp=False, no_hash=False, no_init=False)
        for name
        in ("counter", "default", "no_repr", "no_cmp", "no_hash", "no_init",)
    ]
    counter = 0

    def __init__(self, default, validator, no_repr, no_cmp, no_hash, no_init):
        _CountingAttr.counter += 1
        self.counter = _CountingAttr.counter
        self.default = default
        self.validator = validator
        self.no_repr = no_repr
        self.no_cmp = no_cmp
        self.no_hash = no_hash
        self.no_init = no_init


_CountingAttr = _add_cmp(_add_repr(_CountingAttr))


@attributes
class Factory(object):
    """
    Stores a factory callable.

    If passed as the default value to :func:`attr.ib`, the factory is used to
    generate a new value.
    """
    factory = attr()


def make_class(name, attrs, **attributes_arguments):
    """
    A quick way to create a new class called *name* with *attrs*.

    :param name: The name for the new class.
    :type name: str

    :param attrs: A list of names or a dictionary of mappings of names to
        attributes.
    :type attrs: :class:`list` or :class:`dict`

    :param attributes_arguments: Passed unmodified to :func:`attr.s`.

    :return: A new class with *attrs*.
    :rtype: type
    """
    if isinstance(attrs, dict):
        cl_dict = attrs
    elif isinstance(attrs, (list, tuple)):
        cl_dict = dict((a, attr()) for a in attrs)
    else:
        raise TypeError("attrs argument must be a dict or a list.")

    return attributes(**attributes_arguments)(type(name, (object,), cl_dict))