diff --git a/th02/frame_delay.asm b/th02/frame_delay.asm
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..83f0ae4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/th02/frame_delay.asm
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+frame_delay	proc
+	frame_delay_macro
+frame_delay	endp
diff --git a/th02/frame_delay_.asm b/th02/frame_delay_.asm
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..271aba7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/th02/frame_delay_.asm
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+frame_delay_	proc
+	frame_delay_macro
+frame_delay_	endp
diff --git a/th02/frame_delay_macro.asm b/th02/frame_delay_macro.asm
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..703101dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/th02/frame_delay_macro.asm
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+; This needs to be in a separate file because there's a second copy of that
+; function in TH02's, TH03's and TH04's OP.EXE, and TASM requires macros to be
+; defined *before* they are invoked, even with two-pass assembly.
+
+; int __cdecl frame_delay(int frames)
+frame_delay_macro	macro
+	local	_loop
+@@frames	= word ptr (cPtrSize + 2)
+
+	push	bp
+	mov	bp, sp
+	mov	vsync_Count1, 0
+
+_loop:
+	mov	ax, vsync_Count1
+	cmp	ax, [bp+@@frames]
+	jb	short _loop
+	pop	bp
+	ret	2
+endm
diff --git a/th02/th02.asm b/th02/th02.asm
index 48783fd4..b95336ca 100644
--- a/th02/th02.asm
+++ b/th02/th02.asm
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 GAME = 2
+include th02/frame_delay_macro.asm
diff --git a/th02_main.asm b/th02_main.asm
index 3f0f54a5..dca7304b 100644
--- a/th02_main.asm
+++ b/th02_main.asm
@@ -2947,7 +2947,7 @@ loc_BCA0:
 
 loc_BCA4:
 		push	1
-		call	sub_F618
+		call	frame_delay
 		jmp	loc_BA1D
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -3802,14 +3802,14 @@ loc_C348:
 		push	0E1h
 		call	gaiji_putsa
 		push	1
-		call	sub_F618
+		call	frame_delay
 		dec	si
 
 loc_C3E5:
 		cmp	si, 0Ch
 		jge	loc_C348
 		push	1Eh
-		call	sub_F618
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	word_1FFA8, 0
 		jmp	short loc_C400
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -3895,7 +3895,7 @@ loc_C4CA:
 
 loc_C4E5:
 		push	1
-		call	sub_F618
+		call	frame_delay
 		jmp	short loc_C47A
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -7788,7 +7788,7 @@ loc_E147:
 		cmp	si, 18h
 		jl	short loc_E103
 		push	2
-		call	sub_F618
+		call	frame_delay
 		inc	[bp+var_4]
 
 loc_E156:
@@ -10122,7 +10122,7 @@ sub_F464	proc far
 		call	key_sense
 		or	si, ax
 		push	2
-		nopcall	sub_F618
+		nopcall	frame_delay
 		mov	al, byte_1E300
 		cbw
 		push	ax
@@ -10318,28 +10318,7 @@ arg_12		= word ptr  18h
 		retf	14h
 sub_F5B1	endp
 
-
-; =============== S U B	R O U T	I N E =======================================
-
-; Attributes: bp-based frame
-
-sub_F618	proc far
-
-arg_0		= word ptr  6
-
-		push	bp
-		mov	bp, sp
-		mov	vsync_Count1, 0
-
-loc_F621:
-		mov	ax, vsync_Count1
-		cmp	ax, [bp+arg_0]
-		jb	short loc_F621
-		pop	bp
-		retf	2
-sub_F618	endp
-
-; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+include th02/frame_delay.asm
 		db 0
 
 ; =============== S U B	R O U T	I N E =======================================
@@ -10926,14 +10905,14 @@ sub_F9F6	endp
 		cmp	byte_1E30A, 0
 		jnz	short loc_FA25
 		push	64h ; 'd'
-		nopcall	sub_F618
+		nopcall	frame_delay
 		pop	bp
 		retf
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 loc_FA25:
 		push	1
-		nopcall	sub_F618
+		nopcall	frame_delay
 		mov	ah, 5
 		cmp	byte_1FFAB, 1
 		jz	short loc_FA39
@@ -17524,7 +17503,7 @@ loc_12E4F:
 		mov	ax, [bp+var_4]
 		mov	[bp+var_2], ax
 		push	1
-		call	sub_F618
+		call	frame_delay
 		call	sub_12CB1
 		push	200140h
 		push	1800050h
@@ -17583,7 +17562,7 @@ loc_12EC5:
 		mov	ax, [bp+var_4]
 		mov	[bp+var_2], ax
 		push	1
-		call	sub_F618
+		call	frame_delay
 		call	sub_12CB1
 		push	200140h
 		push	1800050h
@@ -17846,7 +17825,7 @@ loc_130CF:
 loc_130DE:
 		mov	[bp+var_2], 3
 		push	1
-		call	sub_F618
+		call	frame_delay
 
 loc_130EA:
 		mov	ax, di
@@ -18394,26 +18373,26 @@ sub_13439	proc near
 		call	sub_13055
 		call	sub_13414
 		push	0Ah
-		call	sub_F618
+		call	frame_delay
 		push	69h ; 'i'
 		call	sub_13055
 		push	1Eh
-		call	sub_F618
+		call	frame_delay
 		call	sub_13414
 		push	14h
-		call	sub_F618
+		call	frame_delay
 		push	69h ; 'i'
 		call	sub_13055
 		push	14h
-		call	sub_F618
+		call	frame_delay
 		push	69h ; 'i'
 		call	sub_13055
 		call	sub_13414
 		push	14h
-		call	sub_F618
+		call	frame_delay
 		call	sub_13414
 		push	14h
-		call	sub_F618
+		call	frame_delay
 		call	sub_13414
 		push	3
 		call	palette_white_out
@@ -30083,7 +30062,7 @@ sub_199B3	proc far
 		call	sub_13328
 		mov	vsync_Count1, 0
 		push	0Ah
-		call	sub_F618
+		call	frame_delay
 		call	sub_1A529
 		push	8000C0h
 		call	super_clean
@@ -30366,7 +30345,7 @@ sub_19C8D	proc near
 		push	0Ah
 		call	palette_white_out
 		push	32h ; '2'
-		call	sub_F618
+		call	frame_delay
 		add	dword_1E598, 0C350h
 		call	sub_19C1D
 		mov	ax, 1
@@ -31387,7 +31366,7 @@ loc_1A54E:
 		push	dx
 		call	grcg_circle
 		push	1
-		call	sub_F618
+		call	frame_delay
 		push	0C00000h
 		call	grcg_setcolor
 		push	0E00090h
@@ -31473,7 +31452,7 @@ loc_1A697:
 		mov	PaletteTone, dx
 		call	far ptr	palette_show
 		push	3
-		call	sub_F618
+		call	frame_delay
 		inc	si
 
 loc_1A6B2:
@@ -31512,7 +31491,7 @@ sub_1A6C5	proc near
 		call	graph_clear
 		mov	vsync_Count1, 0
 		push	1
-		call	sub_F618
+		call	frame_delay
 		push	0
 		call	graph_scrollup
 		mov	dx, 0A6h ; '¦'
@@ -31606,7 +31585,7 @@ sub_1A7D5	proc far
 		call	sub_1315B
 		mov	vsync_Count1, 0
 		push	0Ah
-		call	sub_F618
+		call	frame_delay
 		call	sub_1A529
 		push	0
 		call	sub_1310B
@@ -35951,7 +35930,7 @@ loc_1CCF7:
 
 loc_1CCFE:
 		push	1
-		call	sub_F618
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	ax, word_1FFA8
 		mov	[bp+var_A], ax
 		cmp	[bp+var_A], 0
diff --git a/th02_maine.asm b/th02_maine.asm
index 671123bd..1e91d512 100644
--- a/th02_maine.asm
+++ b/th02_maine.asm
@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ loc_96B9:
 		push	[bp+arg_0]
 
 loc_96BC:
-		call	sub_B520
+		call	frame_delay
 
 loc_96C1:
 		add	di, 2
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ loc_96E4:
 		push	2
 
 loc_96E6:
-		call	sub_B520
+		call	frame_delay
 		inc	si
 
 loc_96EC:
@@ -561,7 +561,7 @@ loc_9830:
 		cmp	si, [bp+arg_4]
 		jl	short loc_9810
 		push	0Ah
-		call	sub_B520
+		call	frame_delay
 		inc	di
 
 loc_983D:
@@ -990,7 +990,7 @@ sub_9AD4	proc near
 		push	(offset	aKkuukkuukkuukk+60h)
 		call	sub_95A3
 		push	1Eh
-		call	sub_B520
+		call	frame_delay
 		push	1
 		call	palette_white_out
 		push	600h
@@ -1029,7 +1029,7 @@ loc_9B1B:
 		call	grcg_boxfill
 		call	grcg_off
 		push	1
-		call	sub_B520
+		call	frame_delay
 		sub	si, 4
 
 loc_9B5C:
@@ -1081,7 +1081,7 @@ sub_9B64	proc near
 		push	2
 		call	palette_black_in
 		push	28h ; '('
-		call	sub_B520
+		call	frame_delay
 		push	0
 		call	sub_98B5
 		mov	byte_F02A, 2Fh ; '/'
@@ -1093,7 +1093,7 @@ sub_9B64	proc near
 		push	6
 		call	sub_9643
 		push	14h
-		call	sub_B520
+		call	frame_delay
 		push	1
 		call	palette_black_out
 		push	1
@@ -1182,7 +1182,7 @@ loc_9C91:
 		push	6
 		call	sub_9643
 		push	14h
-		call	sub_B520
+		call	frame_delay
 		push	90014Ch
 		push	2Ch ; ','
 		push	ds
@@ -1210,7 +1210,7 @@ loc_9CDE:
 		push	2
 		call	sub_99E4
 		push	1
-		call	sub_B520
+		call	frame_delay
 		inc	si
 
 loc_9D10:
@@ -1632,7 +1632,7 @@ sub_A09D	proc near
 		push	2
 		call	palette_black_in
 		push	28h ; '('
-		call	sub_B520
+		call	frame_delay
 		push	0
 		call	sub_98B5
 		mov	byte_F02A, 2Fh ; '/'
@@ -1644,7 +1644,7 @@ sub_A09D	proc near
 		push	6
 		call	sub_9643
 		push	14h
-		call	sub_B520
+		call	frame_delay
 		push	1
 		call	palette_black_out
 		mov	dx, 0A6h ; '¦'
@@ -1896,7 +1896,7 @@ loc_A353:
 		push	6
 		call	sub_9643
 		push	0Ah
-		call	sub_B520
+		call	frame_delay
 		les	bx, dword_FB02
 		cmp	byte ptr es:[bx+26h], 0
 		jnz	loc_A4EC
@@ -1907,7 +1907,7 @@ loc_A353:
 		push	6
 		call	sub_9643
 		push	1Eh
-		call	sub_B520
+		call	frame_delay
 		push	2
 		call	sub_98B5
 		mov	byte_F02A, 2Fh ; '/'
@@ -2072,7 +2072,7 @@ loc_A4EC:
 		push	6
 		call	sub_9643
 		push	1Eh
-		call	sub_B520
+		call	frame_delay
 		push	2
 		call	sub_98B5
 		mov	byte_F02A, 2Fh ; '/'
@@ -2235,7 +2235,7 @@ loc_A6B6:
 		push	6
 		call	sub_9643
 		push	1Eh
-		call	sub_B520
+		call	frame_delay
 		push	2
 		call	sub_98B5
 		mov	byte_F02A, 2Fh ; '/'
@@ -2448,7 +2448,7 @@ arg_4		= word ptr  8
 		push	[bp+arg_2]
 		call	sub_9942
 		push	4
-		call	sub_B520
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	PaletteTone, 64h ; 'd'
 		call	far ptr	palette_show
 		pop	bp
@@ -2479,7 +2479,7 @@ loc_A90C:
 		push	si
 		call	sub_A874
 		push	4
-		call	sub_B520
+		call	frame_delay
 		add	si, 5
 
 loc_A920:
@@ -2522,7 +2522,7 @@ loc_A947:
 		call	sub_B200
 		add	sp, 0Ah
 		push	1
-		call	sub_B520
+		call	frame_delay
 		add	si, 4
 
 loc_A992:
@@ -2797,7 +2797,7 @@ loc_A992:
 		push	4
 		call	palette_black_in
 		push	64h ; 'd'
-		call	sub_B520
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	dx, 0A6h ; '¦'
 		mov	al, 1
 		out	dx, al
@@ -2814,7 +2814,7 @@ loc_A992:
 		call	sub_97F1
 		add	sp, 6
 		push	0C8h ; 'È'
-		call	sub_B520
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	dx, 0A6h ; '¦'
 		mov	al, 1
 		out	dx, al
@@ -2834,7 +2834,7 @@ loc_A992:
 		call	sub_97F1
 		add	sp, 6
 		push	64h ; 'd'
-		call	sub_B520
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	dx, 0A6h ; '¦'
 		mov	al, 1
 		out	dx, al
@@ -2858,7 +2858,7 @@ loc_A992:
 		call	sub_97F1
 		add	sp, 6
 		push	64h ; 'd'
-		call	sub_B520
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	dx, 0A6h ; '¦'
 		mov	al, 1
 		out	dx, al
@@ -2885,7 +2885,7 @@ loc_A992:
 		call	sub_97F1
 		add	sp, 6
 		push	64h ; 'd'
-		call	sub_B520
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	dx, 0A6h ; '¦'
 		mov	al, 1
 		out	dx, al
@@ -2910,7 +2910,7 @@ loc_A992:
 		call	sub_97F1
 		add	sp, 6
 		push	64h ; 'd'
-		call	sub_B520
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	dx, 0A6h ; '¦'
 		mov	al, 1
 		out	dx, al
@@ -2935,7 +2935,7 @@ loc_A992:
 		call	sub_97F1
 		add	sp, 6
 		push	96h
-		call	sub_B520
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	dx, 0A6h ; '¦'
 		mov	al, 1
 		out	dx, al
@@ -3069,13 +3069,13 @@ loc_AF56:
 		call	sub_97F1
 		add	sp, 6
 		push	78h ; 'x'
-		call	sub_B520
+		call	frame_delay
 		push	180120h
 		push	0C0h
 		call	sub_97F1
 		add	sp, 6
 		push	0C8h ; 'È'
-		call	sub_B520
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	dx, 0A6h ; '¦'
 		mov	al, 1
 		out	dx, al
@@ -3132,7 +3132,7 @@ sub_AFE7	proc far
 		push	2
 		call	palette_black_in
 		push	96h
-		call	sub_B520
+		call	frame_delay
 		push	ds
 		push	offset aBut_pi	; "but.pi"
 		push	0
@@ -3184,7 +3184,7 @@ sub_B07F	proc far
 		push	2
 		call	palette_black_in
 		push	96h
-		call	sub_B520
+		call	frame_delay
 		push	ds
 		push	offset aExtra_pi ; "extra.pi"
 		push	0
@@ -3269,7 +3269,7 @@ loc_B189:
 		push	offset aEndft_bft ; "endft.bft"
 		call	super_entry_bfnt
 		push	64h ; 'd'
-		call	sub_B520
+		call	frame_delay
 		les	bx, dword_FB02
 		cmp	byte ptr es:[bx+16h], 4
 		jz	short loc_B1C2
@@ -3650,7 +3650,7 @@ sub_B45F	proc far
 		call	key_sense
 		or	si, ax
 		push	2
-		nopcall	sub_B520
+		nopcall	frame_delay
 		mov	al, byte_D70A
 		cbw
 		push	ax
@@ -3711,28 +3711,7 @@ sub_B4CC	proc far
 sub_B4CC	endp
 
 include th02/formats/pi_slot_load.asm
-
-; =============== S U B	R O U T	I N E =======================================
-
-; Attributes: bp-based frame
-
-sub_B520	proc far
-
-arg_0		= word ptr  6
-
-		push	bp
-		mov	bp, sp
-		mov	vsync_Count1, 0
-
-loc_B529:
-		mov	ax, vsync_Count1
-		cmp	ax, [bp+arg_0]
-		jb	short loc_B529
-		pop	bp
-		retf	2
-sub_B520	endp
-
-; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+include th02/frame_delay.asm
 		db 0
 
 ; =============== S U B	R O U T	I N E =======================================
@@ -4206,14 +4185,14 @@ arg_0		= word ptr  6
 		cmp	byte_D714, 0
 		jnz	short loc_B868
 		push	64h ; 'd'
-		nopcall	sub_B520
+		nopcall	frame_delay
 		pop	bp
 		retf
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 loc_B868:
 		push	1
-		nopcall	sub_B520
+		nopcall	frame_delay
 		mov	ah, 5
 		cmp	byte_FAF1, 1
 		jz	short loc_B87C
@@ -5138,7 +5117,7 @@ loc_BF78:
 
 loc_BF7F:
 		push	1
-		call	sub_B520
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	ax, word_FAEE
 		mov	[bp+var_A], ax
 		cmp	[bp+var_A], 0
@@ -5555,7 +5534,7 @@ loc_C29D:
 		push	[bp+var_C]
 		call	sub_C045
 		push	1
-		call	sub_B520
+		call	frame_delay
 		inc	si
 
 loc_C2AE:
diff --git a/th02_op.asm b/th02_op.asm
index 29592c3b..6d55d593 100644
--- a/th02_op.asm
+++ b/th02_op.asm
@@ -476,7 +476,7 @@ loc_9DED:
 		mov	PaletteTone, dx
 		call	far ptr	palette_show
 		push	1
-		call	sub_B2D2
+		call	frame_delay
 		inc	[bp+var_2]
 
 loc_9E0F:
@@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ loc_9E1C:
 		mov	PaletteTone, dx
 		call	far ptr	palette_show
 		push	1
-		call	sub_B2D2
+		call	frame_delay
 		inc	[bp+var_2]
 
 loc_9E39:
@@ -530,7 +530,7 @@ loc_9E7D:
 
 loc_9E97:
 		push	12h
-		call	sub_B2D2
+		call	frame_delay
 		call	sub_B2E8
 		mov	PaletteTone, 0C8h	; 'È'
 		call	far ptr	palette_show
@@ -600,7 +600,7 @@ sub_9F37	proc near
 		pop	cx
 		call	sub_B296
 		push	14h
-		call	sub_B2D2
+		call	frame_delay
 		les	bx, dword_F3DC
 		mov	al, byte_F3E1
 		mov	es:[bx+15h], al
@@ -1959,7 +1959,7 @@ loc_AAD7:
 		adc	word ptr es:[bx+1Eh], 0
 		inc	word_E8FC
 		push	1
-		call	sub_B2D2
+		call	frame_delay
 
 loc_AAF0:
 		cmp	byte_D6C2, 0
@@ -2449,27 +2449,7 @@ loc_AEAE:
 		retf	8
 sub_AE00	endp
 
-
-; =============== S U B	R O U T	I N E =======================================
-
-; Attributes: bp-based frame
-
-sub_AEBB	proc far
-
-arg_0		= word ptr  6
-
-		push	bp
-		mov	bp, sp
-		mov	vsync_Count1, 0
-
-loc_AEC4:
-		mov	ax, vsync_Count1
-		cmp	ax, [bp+arg_0]
-		jb	short loc_AEC4
-		pop	bp
-		retf	2
-sub_AEBB	endp
-
+include th02/frame_delay_.asm
 
 ; =============== S U B	R O U T	I N E =======================================
 
@@ -2952,14 +2932,14 @@ sub_B203	endp
 		cmp	byte_DBEE, 0
 		jnz	short loc_B232
 		push	64h ; 'd'
-		nopcall	sub_AEBB
+		nopcall	frame_delay_
 		pop	bp
 		retf
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 loc_B232:
 		push	1
-		nopcall	sub_AEBB
+		nopcall	frame_delay_
 		mov	ah, 5
 		cmp	byte_F3CB, 1
 		jz	short loc_B246
@@ -3060,26 +3040,7 @@ locret_B2D1:
 		retf
 sub_B296	endp
 
-
-; =============== S U B	R O U T	I N E =======================================
-
-; Attributes: bp-based frame
-
-sub_B2D2	proc far
-
-arg_0		= word ptr  6
-
-		push	bp
-		mov	bp, sp
-		mov	vsync_Count1, 0
-
-loc_B2DB:
-		mov	ax, vsync_Count1
-		cmp	ax, [bp+arg_0]
-		jb	short loc_B2DB
-		pop	bp
-		retf	2
-sub_B2D2	endp
+include th02/frame_delay.asm
 
 seg002		ends
 
@@ -3168,7 +3129,7 @@ loc_B363:
 
 loc_B368:
 		push	1
-		call	sub_B2D2
+		call	frame_delay
 		inc	si
 
 loc_B370:
@@ -3842,7 +3803,7 @@ loc_B81D:
 loc_B829:
 		call	sub_B6BB
 		push	1
-		call	sub_B2D2
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	dx, 0A6h ; '¦'
 		mov	al, [bp+var_1]
 		out	dx, al
@@ -3858,7 +3819,7 @@ loc_B829:
 loc_B84F:
 		mov	word_F3C8, 0
 		push	14h
-		call	sub_B2D2
+		call	frame_delay
 		push	0
 		push	0
 		push	27Fh
@@ -4540,7 +4501,7 @@ loc_BD6A:
 		call	sub_BA20
 		add	sp, 4
 		push	1
-		call	sub_B2D2
+		call	frame_delay
 		push	0
 		mov	al, byte_DD20
 		cbw
@@ -4548,7 +4509,7 @@ loc_BD6A:
 		call	sub_B90D
 		add	sp, 4
 		push	1
-		call	sub_B2D2
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	al, byte_DD20
 		cbw
 		push	ax
@@ -4573,7 +4534,7 @@ loc_BD6A:
 		call	sub_B17D
 		add	sp, 6
 		push	1
-		call	sub_B2D2
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	al, byte_DD20
 		cbw
 		add	ax, ax
@@ -4601,7 +4562,7 @@ loc_BD6A:
 
 loc_BE0F:
 		push	1
-		call	sub_B2D2
+		call	frame_delay
 		push	1
 		mov	al, byte_DD20
 		cbw
@@ -4609,7 +4570,7 @@ loc_BE0F:
 		call	sub_B90D
 		add	sp, 4
 		push	1
-		call	sub_B2D2
+		call	frame_delay
 		push	0Ch
 		mov	al, byte_DD20
 		cbw
@@ -4617,7 +4578,7 @@ loc_BE0F:
 		call	sub_BA20
 		add	sp, 4
 		push	1
-		call	sub_B2D2
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	al, byte_DD20
 		cbw
 		push	ax
@@ -4652,7 +4613,7 @@ loc_BE77:
 		call	sub_B90D
 		add	sp, 4
 		push	1
-		call	sub_B2D2
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	al, byte_DD20
 		cbw
 		push	ax
@@ -4677,7 +4638,7 @@ loc_BE77:
 		call	sub_B17D
 		add	sp, 6
 		push	1
-		call	sub_B2D2
+		call	frame_delay
 		push	7
 		mov	al, byte_DD20
 		cbw
@@ -4685,7 +4646,7 @@ loc_BE77:
 		call	sub_BA20
 		add	sp, 4
 		push	1
-		call	sub_B2D2
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	al, byte_DD20
 		cbw
 		add	ax, ax
@@ -4713,7 +4674,7 @@ loc_BE77:
 
 loc_BF1C:
 		push	1
-		call	sub_B2D2
+		call	frame_delay
 		push	1
 		mov	al, byte_DD20
 		cbw
@@ -4721,7 +4682,7 @@ loc_BF1C:
 		call	sub_B90D
 		add	sp, 4
 		push	1
-		call	sub_B2D2
+		call	frame_delay
 		push	0Ch
 		mov	al, byte_DD20
 		cbw
@@ -4729,7 +4690,7 @@ loc_BF1C:
 		call	sub_BA20
 		add	sp, 4
 		push	1
-		call	sub_B2D2
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	al, byte_DD20
 		cbw
 		push	ax
@@ -4765,7 +4726,7 @@ loc_BF88:
 
 loc_BF95:
 		push	1
-		call	sub_B2D2
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	si, word_F3C8
 		or	si, si
 		jz	short loc_BFB2
@@ -5313,7 +5274,7 @@ sub_C3AC	proc near
 		mov	dx, 0A6h ; '¦'
 		out	dx, al
 		push	1
-		call	sub_B2D2
+		call	frame_delay
 		pop	bp
 		retn
 sub_C3AC	endp
diff --git a/th03/th03.asm b/th03/th03.asm
index c5daf647..ddeb4f11 100644
--- a/th03/th03.asm
+++ b/th03/th03.asm
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 GAME = 3
+include th02/frame_delay_macro.asm
diff --git a/th03_main.asm b/th03_main.asm
index 4410b058..b795d363 100644
--- a/th03_main.asm
+++ b/th03_main.asm
@@ -5326,7 +5326,7 @@ loc_C7C8:
 loc_C7DB:
 		call	sub_EA8C
 		push	1
-		call	sub_EA77
+		call	frame_delay
 
 loc_C7E7:
 		cmp	word ptr unk_1EFFA, 0
@@ -5339,14 +5339,14 @@ loc_C7EE:
 		test	byte_1EFFB, 10h
 		jnz	short loc_C816
 		push	1
-		call	sub_EA77
+		call	frame_delay
 		jmp	short loc_C7EE
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 loc_C80A:
 		call	sub_EA8C
 		push	1
-		call	sub_EA77
+		call	frame_delay
 
 loc_C816:
 		cmp	word ptr unk_1EFFA, 0
@@ -5705,7 +5705,7 @@ loc_CA99:
 
 loc_CAA8:
 		push	1
-		call	sub_EA77
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	ax, si
 		and	ax, 1
 		imul	ax, 32h
@@ -9867,27 +9867,7 @@ arg_4		= word ptr  0Ah
 		retf
 sub_EA5D	endp
 
-
-; =============== S U B	R O U T	I N E =======================================
-
-; Attributes: bp-based frame
-
-sub_EA77	proc far
-
-arg_0		= word ptr  6
-
-		push	bp
-		mov	bp, sp
-		mov	vsync_Count1, 0
-
-loc_EA80:
-		mov	ax, vsync_Count1
-		cmp	ax, [bp+arg_0]
-		jb	short loc_EA80
-		pop	bp
-		retf	2
-sub_EA77	endp
-
+include th02/frame_delay.asm
 
 ; =============== S U B	R O U T	I N E =======================================
 
@@ -10409,7 +10389,7 @@ loc_EE81:
 		cmp	word ptr unk_1EFFA, 0
 		jz	short loc_EE95
 		push	1
-		nopcall	sub_EA77
+		nopcall	frame_delay
 		jmp	short loc_EE81
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -10426,7 +10406,7 @@ loc_EE9E:
 		jnz	short loc_EEBD
 		inc	di
 		push	1
-		nopcall	sub_EA77
+		nopcall	frame_delay
 		cmp	si, 270Fh
 		jnz	short loc_EEB9
 		xor	di, di
diff --git a/th03_mainl.asm b/th03_mainl.asm
index b0bdd4e3..d5fa840f 100644
--- a/th03_mainl.asm
+++ b/th03_mainl.asm
@@ -665,7 +665,7 @@ loc_97E8:
 		push	si
 		call	sub_D712
 		push	6
-		call	sub_CB52
+		call	frame_delay
 		inc	si
 
 loc_97FC:
@@ -691,7 +691,7 @@ loc_97FC:
 		push	1
 		call	palette_white_in
 		push	8
-		call	sub_CB52
+		call	frame_delay
 		call	sub_973E
 		call	sub_9887
 		or	ax, ax
@@ -703,7 +703,7 @@ loc_9868:
 		cmp	word_100FC, 0
 		jnz	short loc_987D
 		push	1
-		call	sub_CB52
+		call	frame_delay
 		jmp	short loc_9868
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -1607,7 +1607,7 @@ loc_A0B0:
 
 loc_A0BB:
 		push	1
-		call	sub_CB52
+		call	frame_delay
 		jmp	loc_A00B
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -2487,7 +2487,7 @@ loc_A7A2:
 		cmp	[bp+arg_0], 6Bh	; 'k'
 		jz	short loc_A7C4
 		push	[bp+var_2]
-		call	sub_CB52
+		call	frame_delay
 		jmp	loc_AB90
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -2568,7 +2568,7 @@ loc_A85F:
 		cmp	byte_105CE, 0
 		jnz	short loc_A87B
 		push	1
-		call	sub_CB52
+		call	frame_delay
 
 loc_A87B:
 		mov	ax, [bp+var_2]
@@ -2649,7 +2649,7 @@ loc_A91D:
 		cmp	byte_105CE, 0
 		jnz	short loc_A930
 		push	1
-		call	sub_CB52
+		call	frame_delay
 
 loc_A930:
 		inc	[bp+var_4]
@@ -2868,7 +2868,7 @@ loc_AB16:
 		cmp	byte_105CE, 0
 		jnz	short loc_AB32
 		push	[bp+var_4]
-		call	sub_CB52
+		call	frame_delay
 
 loc_AB32:
 		inc	si
@@ -3120,7 +3120,7 @@ loc_ACFB:
 		cmp	word_100FC, 0
 		jnz	short loc_AD7A
 		push	word_105D4
-		call	sub_CB52
+		call	frame_delay
 		jmp	loc_ACA3
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -3142,7 +3142,7 @@ loc_AD8F:
 
 loc_AD94:
 		push	si
-		call	sub_CB52
+		call	frame_delay
 
 loc_AD9A:
 		inc	[bp+var_2]
@@ -4508,7 +4508,7 @@ loc_B738:
 
 loc_B73C:
 		push	1
-		call	sub_CB52
+		call	frame_delay
 
 loc_B743:
 		cmp	[bp+var_B], 0
@@ -4819,7 +4819,7 @@ loc_B9DD:
 		mov	PaletteTone, 0
 		call	far ptr	palette_show
 		push	60h
-		call	sub_CB52
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	dx, 0A6h ; '¦'
 		mov	al, 0
 		out	dx, al
@@ -6301,7 +6301,7 @@ loc_C4D8:
 		mov	byte_10BB6, 1
 		mov	byte_10BB5, 1
 		push	1
-		call	sub_CB52
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	vsync_Count1, 0
 
 loc_C657:
@@ -6942,27 +6942,7 @@ sub_CA88	endp
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 		nop
 
-; =============== S U B	R O U T	I N E =======================================
-
-; Attributes: bp-based frame
-
-sub_CB52	proc far
-
-arg_0		= word ptr  6
-
-		push	bp
-		mov	bp, sp
-		mov	vsync_Count1, 0
-
-loc_CB5B:
-		mov	ax, vsync_Count1
-		cmp	ax, [bp+arg_0]
-		jb	short loc_CB5B
-		pop	bp
-		retf	2
-sub_CB52	endp
-
-; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+include th02/frame_delay.asm
 		db 0
 
 ; =============== S U B	R O U T	I N E =======================================
@@ -8069,7 +8049,7 @@ arg_2		= word ptr  8
 		cmp	byte_EC70, 0
 		jnz	short loc_D412
 		push	[bp+arg_0]
-		nopcall	sub_CB52
+		nopcall	frame_delay
 		pop	bp
 		retf	4
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -8424,7 +8404,7 @@ loc_D6CF:
 		cmp	word_100FC, 0
 		jz	short loc_D6E3
 		push	1
-		nopcall	sub_CB52
+		nopcall	frame_delay
 		jmp	short loc_D6CF
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -8441,7 +8421,7 @@ loc_D6EC:
 		jnz	short loc_D70B
 		inc	di
 		push	1
-		nopcall	sub_CB52
+		nopcall	frame_delay
 		cmp	si, 270Fh
 		jnz	short loc_D707
 		xor	di, di
diff --git a/th03_op.asm b/th03_op.asm
index a5a7d2a2..ca1eb54f 100644
--- a/th03_op.asm
+++ b/th03_op.asm
@@ -711,7 +711,7 @@ loc_9C70:
 loc_9C7E:
 		mov	si, word_F296
 		push	1
-		call	sub_C19E
+		call	frame_delay
 		jmp	short loc_9C1B
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -912,7 +912,7 @@ loc_9E24:
 
 loc_9E3C:
 		push	1
-		call	sub_C19E
+		call	frame_delay
 
 loc_9E43:
 		cmp	word_F296, 0
@@ -931,7 +931,7 @@ loc_9E5C:
 		push	1000002h
 		call	super_put
 		push	1
-		call	sub_C19E
+		call	frame_delay
 		add	si, 8
 
 loc_9E76:
@@ -1779,7 +1779,7 @@ loc_A4EE:
 		les	bx, dword_FC54
 		inc	dword ptr es:[bx+10h]
 		push	1
-		call	sub_C19E
+		call	frame_delay
 
 loc_A4FE:
 		cmp	byte_D952, 0
@@ -2260,7 +2260,7 @@ sub_A899	proc near
 		mov	dx, 0A6h ; '¦'
 		out	dx, al
 		push	1
-		call	sub_CB86
+		call	frame_delay_
 		pop	bp
 		retn
 sub_A899	endp
@@ -2929,7 +2929,7 @@ var_2		= word ptr -2
 
 loc_AEA0:
 		push	1
-		call	sub_C19E
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	al, byte ptr [bp+var_2]
 		mov	Palettes+45, al
 		mov	Palettes+46, al
@@ -2978,7 +2978,7 @@ loc_AF09:
 		call	far ptr	palette_show
 		add	[bp+var_2], 2
 		push	1
-		call	sub_C19E
+		call	frame_delay
 
 loc_AF25:
 		cmp	[bp+var_2], 0FFh
@@ -2997,11 +2997,11 @@ loc_AF40:
 		mov	PaletteTone, 0C8h	; 'È'
 		call	far ptr	palette_show
 		push	1
-		call	sub_C19E
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	PaletteTone, 64h ; 'd'
 		call	far ptr	palette_show
 		push	1
-		call	sub_C19E
+		call	frame_delay
 		inc	si
 
 loc_AF65:
@@ -3022,11 +3022,11 @@ loc_AF65:
 		push	0
 		call	sub_C37B
 		push	1
-		call	sub_C19E
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	PaletteTone, 64h ; 'd'
 		call	far ptr	palette_show
 		push	1
-		call	sub_C19E
+		call	frame_delay
 		xor	si, si
 		jmp	short loc_AFD9
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -3035,11 +3035,11 @@ loc_AFB4:
 		mov	PaletteTone, 0C8h	; 'È'
 		call	far ptr	palette_show
 		push	1
-		call	sub_C19E
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	PaletteTone, 64h ; 'd'
 		call	far ptr	palette_show
 		push	1
-		call	sub_C19E
+		call	frame_delay
 		inc	si
 
 loc_AFD9:
@@ -3119,7 +3119,7 @@ loc_B094:
 		mov	PaletteTone, si
 		call	far ptr	palette_show
 		push	1
-		call	sub_C19E
+		call	frame_delay
 		add	si, 4
 
 loc_B0A7:
@@ -3150,7 +3150,7 @@ loc_B0B8:
 		push	1000002h
 		call	super_put
 		push	1
-		call	sub_C19E
+		call	frame_delay
 		add	si, 8
 
 loc_B0D2:
@@ -3182,7 +3182,7 @@ loc_B0E4:
 		push	1000002h
 		call	super_put
 		push	1
-		call	sub_C19E
+		call	frame_delay
 		sub	si, 8
 
 loc_B101:
@@ -4574,7 +4574,7 @@ loc_BAED:
 
 loc_BAF9:
 		push	10h
-		call	sub_C19E
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	word_FC62, 0
 
 loc_BB06:
@@ -5412,27 +5412,7 @@ sub_C0D4	endp
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 		nop
 
-; =============== S U B	R O U T	I N E =======================================
-
-; Attributes: bp-based frame
-
-sub_C19E	proc far
-
-arg_0		= word ptr  6
-
-		push	bp
-		mov	bp, sp
-		mov	vsync_Count1, 0
-
-loc_C1A7:
-		mov	ax, vsync_Count1
-		cmp	ax, [bp+arg_0]
-		jb	short loc_C1A7
-		pop	bp
-		retf	2
-sub_C19E	endp
-
-; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+include th02/frame_delay.asm
 		db 0
 
 ; =============== S U B	R O U T	I N E =======================================
@@ -6564,7 +6544,7 @@ loc_CAB3:
 		cmp	word_F296, 0
 		jz	short loc_CAC7
 		push	1
-		nopcall	sub_C19E
+		nopcall	frame_delay
 		jmp	short loc_CAB3
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -6581,7 +6561,7 @@ loc_CAD0:
 		jnz	short loc_CAEF
 		inc	di
 		push	1
-		nopcall	sub_C19E
+		nopcall	frame_delay
 		cmp	si, 270Fh
 		jnz	short loc_CAEB
 		xor	di, di
@@ -6700,26 +6680,7 @@ loc_CB7D:
 		retf
 sub_CB68	endp
 
-
-; =============== S U B	R O U T	I N E =======================================
-
-; Attributes: bp-based frame
-
-sub_CB86	proc far
-
-arg_0		= word ptr  6
-
-		push	bp
-		mov	bp, sp
-		mov	vsync_Count1, 0
-
-loc_CB8F:
-		mov	ax, vsync_Count1
-		cmp	ax, [bp+arg_0]
-		jb	short loc_CB8F
-		pop	bp
-		retf	2
-sub_CB86	endp
+include th02/frame_delay_.asm
 
 seg002		ends
 
diff --git a/th04/th04.asm b/th04/th04.asm
index 160d66b2..8114ea8c 100644
--- a/th04/th04.asm
+++ b/th04/th04.asm
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 GAME = 4
+include th02/frame_delay_macro.asm
diff --git a/th04_main.asm b/th04_main.asm
index 7308e9e3..a1e0af6e 100644
--- a/th04_main.asm
+++ b/th04_main.asm
@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ sub_AB88	proc near
 		push	si
 		mov	word_266D0, 1
 		push	1
-		call	sub_131B7
+		call	frame_delay
 		call	far ptr	sub_1379C
 
 loc_AB9E:
@@ -5605,7 +5605,7 @@ loc_D0A6:
 		push	si
 		call	sub_CFBE
 		push	0Ch
-		call	sub_131B7
+		call	frame_delay
 		inc	si
 
 loc_D0C2:
@@ -5801,7 +5801,7 @@ loc_D20A:
 		push	ax
 		call	sub_D0CA
 		push	1
-		call	sub_131B7
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	ax, [bp+var_2]
 		mov	PaletteTone, ax
 		call	far ptr	palette_show
@@ -5892,7 +5892,7 @@ loc_D2DF:
 loc_D2E2:
 		call	graph_scrollup
 		push	1
-		call	sub_131B7
+		call	frame_delay
 		inc	si
 
 loc_D2EF:
@@ -5945,7 +5945,7 @@ loc_D350:
 		push	ax
 		call	sub_D0CA
 		push	1
-		call	sub_131B7
+		call	frame_delay
 		cmp	word_255D4, 0
 		jnz	short loc_D38A
 		push	2000F0h
@@ -5986,7 +5986,7 @@ loc_D3B0:
 		push	ax
 		call	sub_D193
 		push	1
-		call	sub_131B7
+		call	frame_delay
 		push	[bp+var_4]
 		push	[bp+var_6]
 		push	[bp+var_2]
@@ -6348,7 +6348,7 @@ loc_D6D2:
 		push	1
 
 loc_D6DC:
-		call	sub_131B7
+		call	frame_delay
 		jmp	loc_D63F
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -6385,7 +6385,7 @@ sub_D6EB	proc far
 		mov	al, byte_25A3C
 		out	dx, al
 		push	1
-		call	sub_131B7
+		call	frame_delay
 		pop	bp
 		retf
 sub_D6EB	endp
@@ -8355,7 +8355,7 @@ loc_E556:
 		or	al, al
 		jnz	short loc_E566
 		push	1
-		call	sub_131B7
+		call	frame_delay
 		jmp	short loc_E556
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -8368,7 +8368,7 @@ loc_E571:
 		or	al, al
 		jnz	short loc_E581
 		push	1
-		call	sub_131B7
+		call	frame_delay
 		jmp	short loc_E571
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -8383,7 +8383,7 @@ loc_E588:
 		push	0E1h
 		call	gaiji_putca
 		push	1
-		call	sub_131B7
+		call	frame_delay
 		push	[bp+var_2]
 		push	0Ch
 		push	ds
@@ -8405,7 +8405,7 @@ loc_E5C2:
 		push	0E1h
 		call	gaiji_putca
 		push	1
-		call	sub_131B7
+		call	frame_delay
 		push	[bp+var_2]
 		push	0Ch
 		push	ds
@@ -8435,7 +8435,7 @@ loc_E61E:
 		or	al, al
 		jnz	short loc_E62E
 		push	1
-		call	sub_131B7
+		call	frame_delay
 		jmp	short loc_E61E
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -8450,7 +8450,7 @@ loc_E63F:
 		or	al, al
 		jnz	short loc_E64F
 		push	1
-		call	sub_131B7
+		call	frame_delay
 		jmp	short loc_E63F
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -8598,7 +8598,7 @@ loc_E783:
 loc_E787:
 		call	far ptr	sub_1379C
 		push	1
-		call	sub_131B7
+		call	frame_delay
 		jmp	loc_E703
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -18307,25 +18307,7 @@ sub_13117	endp
 		pop	bp
 		retf	14h
 
-; =============== S U B	R O U T	I N E =======================================
-
-; Attributes: bp-based frame
-
-sub_131B7	proc far
-
-arg_0		= word ptr  6
-
-		push	bp
-		mov	bp, sp
-		mov	vsync_Count1, 0
-
-loc_131C0:
-		mov	ax, vsync_Count1
-		cmp	ax, [bp+arg_0]
-		jb	short loc_131C0
-		pop	bp
-		retf	2
-sub_131B7	endp
+include th02/frame_delay.asm
 
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 		push	di
@@ -18400,7 +18382,7 @@ loc_1321D:
 		push	cs
 		call	sub_1379C
 		push	1
-		nopcall	sub_131B7
+		nopcall	frame_delay
 
 loc_13229:
 		nopcall	sub_137A4
@@ -18417,7 +18399,7 @@ loc_1323E:
 		push	cs
 		call	sub_1379C
 		push	1
-		nopcall	sub_131B7
+		nopcall	frame_delay
 		nopcall	sub_137A4
 		cmp	word_24CB4, 0
 		jnz	short loc_13263
diff --git a/th04_main_seg3+4.inc b/th04_main_seg3+4.inc
index cfa51836..ecd95756 100644
--- a/th04_main_seg3+4.inc
+++ b/th04_main_seg3+4.inc
@@ -20938,7 +20938,7 @@ loc_1E8E5:
 		inc	byte ptr es:[bx+13h]
 		mov	byte_266D2, 2
 		push	1
-		call	sub_131B7
+		call	frame_delay
 
 loc_1E905:
 		inc	word_2671A
diff --git a/th04_maine.asm b/th04_maine.asm
index 5e380ae1..6c2b7148 100644
--- a/th04_maine.asm
+++ b/th04_maine.asm
@@ -581,7 +581,7 @@ loc_A1E9:
 		push	204h
 		call	sub_CF8C
 		push	64h ; 'd'
-		call	sub_CCA3
+		call	frame_delay
 		call	sub_C814
 		jmp	loc_A281
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -591,7 +591,7 @@ loc_A1FE:
 		cmp	byte ptr es:[bx+30h], 0FDh
 		jnz	short loc_A274
 		push	64h ; 'd'
-		call	sub_CCA3
+		call	frame_delay
 		call	sub_C814
 		les	bx, [bp+var_4]
 		mov	byte ptr es:[bx+5], 34h	; '4'
@@ -622,7 +622,7 @@ loc_A1FE:
 
 loc_A274:
 		push	64h ; 'd'
-		call	sub_CCA3
+		call	frame_delay
 		call	sub_C814
 
 loc_A27E:
@@ -1393,7 +1393,7 @@ loc_A827:
 		push	si
 		call	sub_A78F
 		push	word_124C0
-		call	sub_CCA3
+		call	frame_delay
 		inc	si
 
 loc_A835:
@@ -1561,7 +1561,7 @@ loc_A978:
 		cmp	byte_1247E, 0
 		jnz	loc_ADB5	; default
 		push	[bp+var_2]
-		call	sub_CCA3
+		call	frame_delay
 		jmp	loc_AD2B
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -1627,7 +1627,7 @@ loc_AA0E:
 		cmp	byte_1247E, 0
 		jnz	short loc_AA2A
 		push	1
-		call	sub_CCA3
+		call	frame_delay
 
 loc_AA2A:
 		mov	ax, [bp+var_2]
@@ -1708,7 +1708,7 @@ loc_AACA:
 		cmp	byte_1247E, 0
 		jnz	short loc_AADD
 		push	1
-		call	sub_CCA3
+		call	frame_delay
 
 loc_AADD:
 		inc	[bp+var_4]
@@ -1918,7 +1918,7 @@ loc_ACB2:
 		cmp	byte_1247E, 0
 		jnz	short loc_ACCE
 		push	[bp+var_4]
-		call	sub_CCA3
+		call	frame_delay
 
 loc_ACCE:
 		inc	si
@@ -4013,7 +4013,7 @@ loc_C084:
 		mov	byte_124EF, 0
 		call	file_close
 		push	40h
-		call	sub_CCA3
+		call	frame_delay
 		push	400168h
 		push	0Fh
 		push	ds
@@ -5493,7 +5493,7 @@ loc_CB67:
 loc_CB6B:
 		call	far ptr	sub_D48A
 		push	1
-		call	sub_CCA3
+		call	frame_delay
 		jmp	loc_C9F6
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -5676,27 +5676,7 @@ sub_CC7A	proc far
 		retf
 sub_CC7A	endp
 
-
-; =============== S U B	R O U T	I N E =======================================
-
-; Attributes: bp-based frame
-
-sub_CCA3	proc far
-
-arg_0		= word ptr  6
-
-		push	bp
-		mov	bp, sp
-		mov	vsync_Count1, 0
-
-loc_CCAC:
-		mov	ax, vsync_Count1
-		cmp	ax, [bp+arg_0]
-		jb	short loc_CCAC
-		pop	bp
-		retf	2
-sub_CCA3	endp
-
+include th02/frame_delay.asm
 include th02/formats/pi_slot_palette_apply.asm
 
 ; =============== S U B	R O U T	I N E =======================================
@@ -5904,7 +5884,7 @@ loc_CE84:
 		push	cs
 		call	sub_D48A
 		push	1
-		nopcall	sub_CCA3
+		nopcall	frame_delay
 		nopcall	sub_D492
 		cmp	word_10072, 0
 		jnz	short loc_CE84
@@ -5919,7 +5899,7 @@ loc_CEA5:
 		push	cs
 		call	sub_D48A
 		push	1
-		nopcall	sub_CCA3
+		nopcall	frame_delay
 		nopcall	sub_D492
 		cmp	word_10072, 0
 		jnz	short loc_CECA
@@ -6178,7 +6158,7 @@ arg_2		= word ptr  8
 		cmp	byte_EAD1, 0
 		jnz	short loc_D05C
 		push	[bp+arg_0]
-		nopcall	sub_CCA3
+		nopcall	frame_delay
 		pop	bp
 		retf	4
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/th04_op.asm b/th04_op.asm
index a5434141..8560032a 100644
--- a/th04_op.asm
+++ b/th04_op.asm
@@ -1750,7 +1750,7 @@ loc_B46B:
 		les	bx, dword_10DA4
 		inc	dword ptr es:[bx+14h]
 		push	1
-		call	sub_DA3B
+		call	frame_delay
 
 loc_B47B:
 		cmp	byte_F3DC, 0
@@ -1945,7 +1945,7 @@ loc_B5BE:
 		push	si
 		call	sub_B49F
 		push	1
-		call	sub_DA3B
+		call	frame_delay
 		inc	di
 		add	si, 8
 
@@ -2059,7 +2059,7 @@ loc_B674:
 		push	si
 		call	sub_B519
 		push	1
-		call	sub_DA3B
+		call	frame_delay
 		inc	di
 		sub	si, 8
 
@@ -2303,7 +2303,7 @@ loc_B80E:
 		push	0
 		call	sub_DB62
 		push	1
-		call	sub_DA3B
+		call	frame_delay
 		test	byte ptr word_11A50+1, 20h
 		jnz	short loc_B87A
 		test	byte ptr word_11A50, 20h
@@ -2421,7 +2421,7 @@ loc_B92B:
 		push	0
 		call	sub_DB62
 		push	1
-		call	sub_DA3B
+		call	frame_delay
 		test	byte ptr word_11A50+1, 20h
 		jnz	short loc_B997
 		test	byte ptr word_11A50, 20h
@@ -2515,7 +2515,7 @@ sub_B9CE	proc near
 		call	palette_black_in
 		call	sub_B794
 		push	1
-		call	sub_DA3B
+		call	frame_delay
 		push	0
 		call	graph_copy_page
 		call	sub_B8B1
@@ -3564,7 +3564,7 @@ sub_C244	proc near
 		mov	dx, 0A6h ; '¦'
 		out	dx, al
 		push	1
-		call	sub_E6DE
+		call	frame_delay_
 		pop	bp
 		retn
 sub_C244	endp
@@ -4648,7 +4648,7 @@ loc_CADA:
 loc_CAE4:
 		call	far ptr	sub_E1DC
 		push	1
-		call	sub_DA3B
+		call	frame_delay
 		test	byte ptr word_11A50+1, 20h
 		jnz	short loc_CB58
 		test	byte ptr word_11A50, 20h
@@ -4708,7 +4708,7 @@ loc_CB58:
 loc_CBB3:
 		call	far ptr	sub_E1DC
 		push	1
-		call	sub_DA3B
+		call	frame_delay
 		cmp	word_11A50, 0
 		jnz	short loc_CBB3
 		push	100h
@@ -4944,7 +4944,7 @@ loc_CDB0:
 		call	far ptr	palette_show
 		add	di, 2
 		push	1
-		call	sub_DA3B
+		call	frame_delay
 		inc	si
 
 loc_CDC4:
@@ -5023,7 +5023,7 @@ loc_CEC7:
 		mov	Palettes+2, al
 		call	far ptr	palette_show
 		push	1
-		call	sub_DA3B
+		call	frame_delay
 		inc	si
 		mov	al, [bp+var_3]
 		add	al, 0F0h
@@ -5076,7 +5076,7 @@ loc_CF34:
 		jl	short loc_CEFA
 		call	far ptr	palette_show
 		push	1
-		call	sub_DA3B
+		call	frame_delay
 		inc	si
 		mov	al, [bp+var_3]
 		add	al, 0FCh
@@ -6166,7 +6166,7 @@ loc_D816:
 		call	sub_D3A2
 		mov	vsync_Count1, 0
 		push	1
-		call	sub_DA3B
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	dx, 0A4h ; '¤'
 		mov	al, 1
 		out	dx, al
@@ -6174,7 +6174,7 @@ loc_D816:
 		call	graph_copy_page
 		mov	vsync_Count1, 0
 		push	1
-		call	sub_DA3B
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	dx, 0A4h ; '¤'
 		mov	al, 0
 		out	dx, al
@@ -6247,7 +6247,7 @@ loc_D8DF:
 
 loc_D8EA:
 		push	1
-		call	sub_DA3B
+		call	frame_delay
 		jmp	loc_D7BB
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -6287,7 +6287,7 @@ loc_D939:
 		call	sub_D465
 		mov	vsync_Count1, 0
 		push	1
-		call	sub_DA3B
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	dx, 0A4h ; '¤'
 		mov	al, 1
 		out	dx, al
@@ -6295,7 +6295,7 @@ loc_D939:
 		call	graph_copy_page
 		mov	vsync_Count1, 0
 		push	1
-		call	sub_DA3B
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	dx, 0A4h ; '¤'
 		mov	al, 0
 		out	dx, al
@@ -6350,7 +6350,7 @@ loc_D9F8:
 
 loc_DA03:
 		push	1
-		call	sub_DA3B
+		call	frame_delay
 		jmp	loc_D8B0
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -6387,27 +6387,7 @@ sub_DA12	proc far
 		retf
 sub_DA12	endp
 
-
-; =============== S U B	R O U T	I N E =======================================
-
-; Attributes: bp-based frame
-
-sub_DA3B	proc far
-
-arg_0		= word ptr  6
-
-		push	bp
-		mov	bp, sp
-		mov	vsync_Count1, 0
-
-loc_DA44:
-		mov	ax, vsync_Count1
-		cmp	ax, [bp+arg_0]
-		jb	short loc_DA44
-		pop	bp
-		retf	2
-sub_DA3B	endp
-
+include th02/frame_delay.asm
 include th02/formats/pi_slot_palette_apply.asm
 
 ; =============== S U B	R O U T	I N E =======================================
@@ -6528,7 +6508,7 @@ loc_DB6C:
 		push	cs
 		call	sub_E1DC
 		push	1
-		nopcall	sub_DA3B
+		nopcall	frame_delay
 		nopcall	sub_E1E4
 		cmp	word_11A50, 0
 		jnz	short loc_DB6C
@@ -6543,7 +6523,7 @@ loc_DB8D:
 		push	cs
 		call	sub_E1DC
 		push	1
-		nopcall	sub_DA3B
+		nopcall	frame_delay
 		nopcall	sub_E1E4
 		cmp	word_11A50, 0
 		jnz	short loc_DBB2
@@ -6855,7 +6835,7 @@ arg_2		= word ptr  8
 		cmp	byte_FD21, 0
 		jnz	short loc_DD96
 		push	[bp+arg_0]
-		nopcall	sub_DA3B
+		nopcall	frame_delay
 		pop	bp
 		retf	4
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -8239,26 +8219,7 @@ loc_E6D4:
 		retf
 sub_E6D0	endp
 
-
-; =============== S U B	R O U T	I N E =======================================
-
-; Attributes: bp-based frame
-
-sub_E6DE	proc far
-
-arg_0		= word ptr  6
-
-		push	bp
-		mov	bp, sp
-		mov	vsync_Count1, 0
-
-loc_E6E7:
-		mov	ax, vsync_Count1
-		cmp	ax, [bp+arg_0]
-		jb	short loc_E6E7
-		pop	bp
-		retf	2
-sub_E6DE	endp
+include th02/frame_delay_.asm
 
 seg002		ends
 
diff --git a/th05/frame_delay.asm b/th05/frame_delay.asm
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c1c00944
--- /dev/null
+++ b/th05/frame_delay.asm
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+; int __cdecl frame_delay(int frames)
+frame_delay	proc
+@@frames	= word ptr (cPtrSize + 2)
+
+	mov	bx, sp
+	mov	bx, ss:[bx+4]
+	mov	vsync_Count1, 0
+
+@@loop:
+	cmp	vsync_Count1, bx
+	jb	short @@loop
+	ret	2
+frame_delay	endp
diff --git a/th05_main.asm b/th05_main.asm
index 7cbbde80..de2a645a 100644
--- a/th05_main.asm
+++ b/th05_main.asm
@@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ sub_AEA6	proc near
 		mov	bp, sp
 		mov	word_25FE6, 1
 		push	1
-		call	sub_1510E
+		call	frame_delay
 		call	far ptr	sub_14FCE
 
 loc_AEBB:
@@ -9595,7 +9595,7 @@ loc_EFBA:
 		push	si
 		call	sub_EE9A
 		push	0Ch
-		call	sub_1510E
+		call	frame_delay
 		inc	si
 
 loc_EFD6:
@@ -9647,7 +9647,7 @@ loc_F021:
 		mov	[bp+arg_0], al
 		inc	word ptr dword_2C930
 		push	1
-		call	sub_1510E
+		call	frame_delay
 		cmp	word_2C938, 0
 		jnz	short loc_F045
 		push	2000F0h
@@ -9921,7 +9921,7 @@ loc_F296:
 		push	1
 
 loc_F29E:
-		call	sub_1510E
+		call	frame_delay
 		jmp	short loc_F227
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -10008,7 +10008,7 @@ loc_F333:
 		mov	al, byte_25352
 		out	dx, al
 		push	1
-		call	sub_1510E
+		call	frame_delay
 		pop	bp
 		retf
 sub_F2B4	endp
@@ -10103,7 +10103,7 @@ loc_F421:
 
 loc_F432:
 		push	1
-		call	sub_1510E
+		call	frame_delay
 		push	[bp+arg_4]
 		push	[bp+arg_2]
 		call	sub_EF2A
@@ -10856,7 +10856,7 @@ loc_F97F:
 		or	al, al
 		jnz	short loc_F98F
 		push	1
-		call	sub_1510E
+		call	frame_delay
 		jmp	short loc_F97F
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -10869,7 +10869,7 @@ loc_F99A:
 		or	al, al
 		jnz	short loc_F9AA
 		push	1
-		call	sub_1510E
+		call	frame_delay
 		jmp	short loc_F99A
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -10884,7 +10884,7 @@ loc_F9B1:
 		push	0E1h
 		call	gaiji_putca
 		push	1
-		call	sub_1510E
+		call	frame_delay
 		push	[bp+var_2]
 		push	0Ch
 		push	ds
@@ -10906,7 +10906,7 @@ loc_F9EB:
 		push	0E1h
 		call	gaiji_putca
 		push	1
-		call	sub_1510E
+		call	frame_delay
 		push	[bp+var_2]
 		push	0Ch
 		push	ds
@@ -10936,7 +10936,7 @@ loc_FA47:
 		or	al, al
 		jnz	short loc_FA57
 		push	1
-		call	sub_1510E
+		call	frame_delay
 		jmp	short loc_FA47
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -10951,7 +10951,7 @@ loc_FA68:
 		or	al, al
 		jnz	short loc_FA78
 		push	1
-		call	sub_1510E
+		call	frame_delay
 		jmp	short loc_FA68
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -11097,7 +11097,7 @@ loc_FBA7:
 
 loc_FBAB:
 		push	1
-		call	sub_1510E
+		call	frame_delay
 		jmp	loc_FB27
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -22316,22 +22316,7 @@ loc_1510A:
 		retf	2
 sub_150E4	endp
 
-
-; =============== S U B	R O U T	I N E =======================================
-
-
-sub_1510E	proc far
-		mov	bx, sp
-		mov	bx, ss:[bx+4]
-		mov	vsync_Count1, 0
-
-loc_1511A:
-		cmp	vsync_Count1, bx
-		jb	short loc_1511A
-		retf	2
-sub_1510E	endp
-
-; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+include th05/frame_delay.asm
 		db 0
 
 ; =============== S U B	R O U T	I N E =======================================
diff --git a/th05_main_seg3+4.inc b/th05_main_seg3+4.inc
index a03f1c73..ff3819ca 100644
--- a/th05_main_seg3+4.inc
+++ b/th05_main_seg3+4.inc
@@ -20441,7 +20441,7 @@ loc_1FD35:
 		inc	byte ptr es:[bx+13h]
 		mov	byte_25FE8, 2
 		push	1
-		call	sub_1510E
+		call	frame_delay
 
 loc_1FD51:
 		mov	word ptr dword_2C922, 0C190h
diff --git a/th05_maine.asm b/th05_maine.asm
index 1449d50e..90f79976 100644
--- a/th05_maine.asm
+++ b/th05_maine.asm
@@ -643,7 +643,7 @@ _envp		= dword	ptr  0Ch
 		mov	eax, es:[bx+28h]
 		mov	random_seed, eax
 		push	64h ; 'd'
-		call	sub_F282
+		call	frame_delay
 		les	bx, dword_11E6E
 		cmp	byte ptr es:[bx+1Ah], 0FEh
 		jb	short loc_A665
@@ -1038,7 +1038,7 @@ loc_A904:
 		push	si
 		call	sub_A866
 		push	word_15008
-		call	sub_F282
+		call	frame_delay
 		inc	si
 
 loc_A912:
@@ -1050,7 +1050,7 @@ loc_A917:
 		call	sub_A866
 		call	egc_off
 		push	1
-		call	sub_F282
+		call	frame_delay
 		pop	si
 		pop	bp
 		retn
@@ -1078,7 +1078,7 @@ loc_A93B:
 		cmp	word_12AFA, 0
 		jz	short loc_A950
 		push	1
-		call	sub_F282
+		call	frame_delay
 		jmp	short loc_A93B
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -1123,7 +1123,7 @@ loc_A962:
 
 loc_A9B4:
 		push	1
-		call	sub_F282
+		call	frame_delay
 		jmp	short loc_A962
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -1298,7 +1298,7 @@ loc_AB17:
 		cmp	byte_14F8E, 0
 		jnz	loc_AF8F	; default
 		push	[bp+var_2]
-		call	sub_F282
+		call	frame_delay
 		jmp	loc_AF8F	; default
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -1363,7 +1363,7 @@ loc_ABAC:
 		cmp	byte_14F8E, 0
 		jnz	short loc_ABC8
 		push	1
-		call	sub_F282
+		call	frame_delay
 
 loc_ABC8:
 		mov	ax, [bp+var_2]
@@ -1441,7 +1441,7 @@ loc_AC5F:
 		cmp	byte_14F8E, 0
 		jnz	short loc_AC72
 		push	1
-		call	sub_F282
+		call	frame_delay
 
 loc_AC72:
 		inc	[bp+var_4]
@@ -1591,7 +1591,7 @@ loc_AD9A:
 		push	ax
 		call	sub_A738
 		push	1
-		call	sub_F282
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	dx, 0A4h
 		mov	al, 0
 		out	dx, al
@@ -1644,7 +1644,7 @@ loc_AE25:
 		cmp	byte_14F8E, 0
 		jnz	short loc_AE41
 		push	[bp+var_4]
-		call	sub_F282
+		call	frame_delay
 
 loc_AE41:
 		inc	si
@@ -1660,7 +1660,7 @@ loc_AE42:
 		push	[bp+var_2]
 		call	sub_EFDC
 		push	1
-		call	sub_F282
+		call	frame_delay
 
 loc_AE64:
 		push	0A00040h
@@ -2261,7 +2261,7 @@ sub_B37C	proc near
 		push	bp
 		mov	bp, sp
 		push	2
-		call	sub_F282
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	dx, 0A6h ; '¦'
 		mov	al, byte_1085E
 		out	dx, al
@@ -3607,7 +3607,7 @@ sub_BD1E	proc near
 		call	sub_EB1A
 		call	sub_BE76
 		push	1
-		call	sub_F282
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	dx, 0A6h ; '¦'
 		mov	al, byte_11621
 		out	dx, al
@@ -5978,7 +5978,7 @@ sub_D1B1	proc near
 		out	dx, al
 		call	sub_CA9B
 		push	40h
-		call	sub_F282
+		call	frame_delay
 		call	sub_D16F
 		push	0
 		call	sub_F212
@@ -8128,7 +8128,7 @@ sub_E349	proc near
 		call	sub_D5E1
 		call	sub_DFEC
 		push	1
-		call	sub_F282
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	dx, 0A6h ; '¦'
 		mov	al, byte_1183A
 		out	dx, al
@@ -10194,7 +10194,7 @@ loc_F263:
 		or	si, si
 		jge	short loc_F277
 		push	[bp+arg_0]
-		nopcall	sub_F282
+		nopcall	frame_delay
 		jmp	short loc_F27C
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -10211,21 +10211,7 @@ sub_F25F	endp
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 		db 0
 
-; =============== S U B	R O U T	I N E =======================================
-
-
-sub_F282	proc far
-		mov	bx, sp
-		mov	bx, ss:[bx+4]
-		mov	vsync_Count1, 0
-
-loc_F28E:
-		cmp	vsync_Count1, bx
-		jb	short loc_F28E
-		retf	2
-sub_F282	endp
-
-; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+include th05/frame_delay.asm
 		db 0
 		mov	byte_1082E, 1
 		nop
diff --git a/th05_op.asm b/th05_op.asm
index 95798eb3..c01ebafc 100644
--- a/th05_op.asm
+++ b/th05_op.asm
@@ -1832,7 +1832,7 @@ loc_B048:
 		les	bx, dword_11DCC
 		inc	dword ptr es:[bx+28h]
 		push	1
-		call	sub_E15E
+		call	frame_delay
 
 loc_B058:
 		cmp	byte_F072, 0
@@ -2026,7 +2026,7 @@ loc_B196:
 		push	si
 		call	sub_B077
 		push	1
-		call	sub_E15E
+		call	frame_delay
 		inc	di
 		add	si, 8
 
@@ -2140,7 +2140,7 @@ loc_B24C:
 		push	si
 		call	sub_B0F1
 		push	1
-		call	sub_E15E
+		call	frame_delay
 		inc	di
 		sub	si, 8
 
@@ -2384,7 +2384,7 @@ loc_B3E6:
 		push	0
 		call	sub_E0A4
 		push	1
-		call	sub_E15E
+		call	frame_delay
 		test	byte ptr word_12A72+1, 20h
 		jnz	short loc_B452
 		test	byte ptr word_12A72, 20h
@@ -2502,7 +2502,7 @@ loc_B503:
 		push	0
 		call	sub_E0A4
 		push	1
-		call	sub_E15E
+		call	frame_delay
 		test	byte ptr word_12A72+1, 20h
 		jnz	short loc_B56F
 		test	byte ptr word_12A72, 20h
@@ -2597,7 +2597,7 @@ sub_B5A6	proc near
 		call	palette_black_in
 		call	sub_B36C
 		push	1
-		call	sub_E15E
+		call	frame_delay
 		push	0
 		call	graph_copy_page
 		call	sub_B489
@@ -3526,7 +3526,7 @@ loc_BD55:
 
 loc_BD81:
 		push	1
-		call	sub_E15E
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	dx, 0A6h ; '¦'
 		mov	al, [bp+var_1]
 		out	dx, al
@@ -3580,7 +3580,7 @@ loc_BDE8:
 		mov	dx, 0A4h
 		out	dx, al
 		push	10h
-		call	sub_E15E
+		call	frame_delay
 		xor	si, si
 		jmp	short loc_BE46
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -3602,7 +3602,7 @@ loc_BE08:
 
 loc_BE25:
 		push	1
-		call	sub_E15E
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	dx, 0A6h ; '¦'
 		mov	al, [bp+var_1]
 		out	dx, al
@@ -4154,7 +4154,7 @@ sub_C293	proc near
 		mov	al, 0
 		out	dx, al
 		push	1
-		call	sub_E15E
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	dx, 0A4h
 		mov	al, byte ptr word_13E94+1
 		out	dx, al
@@ -5430,7 +5430,7 @@ loc_CC9F:
 loc_CCA9:
 		call	sub_E094
 		push	1
-		call	sub_E15E
+		call	frame_delay
 		test	byte ptr word_12A72+1, 20h
 		jnz	short loc_CD17
 		test	byte ptr word_12A72, 20h
@@ -5490,7 +5490,7 @@ loc_CD17:
 loc_CD64:
 		call	sub_E094
 		push	1
-		call	sub_E15E
+		call	frame_delay
 		cmp	word_12A72, 0
 		jnz	short loc_CD64
 		push	100h
@@ -6075,7 +6075,7 @@ loc_D1D0:
 		call	sub_CEFF
 		mov	vsync_Count1, 0
 		push	1
-		call	sub_E15E
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	dx, 0A4h
 		mov	al, 1
 		out	dx, al
@@ -6083,7 +6083,7 @@ loc_D1D0:
 		call	graph_copy_page
 		mov	vsync_Count1, 0
 		push	1
-		call	sub_E15E
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	dx, 0A4h
 		mov	al, 0
 		out	dx, al
@@ -6109,7 +6109,7 @@ loc_D231:
 		call	sub_CEFF
 		mov	vsync_Count1, 0
 		push	1
-		call	sub_E15E
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	dx, 0A4h
 		mov	al, 1
 		out	dx, al
@@ -6117,7 +6117,7 @@ loc_D231:
 		call	graph_copy_page
 		mov	vsync_Count1, 0
 		push	1
-		call	sub_E15E
+		call	frame_delay
 		mov	dx, 0A4h
 		mov	al, 0
 		out	dx, al
@@ -6173,7 +6173,7 @@ loc_D2EC:
 
 loc_D2F7:
 		push	1
-		call	sub_E15E
+		call	frame_delay
 		jmp	loc_D1B5
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 		leave
@@ -8238,7 +8238,7 @@ loc_E0F5:
 		or	si, si
 		jge	short loc_E109
 		push	[bp+arg_0]
-		nopcall	sub_E15E
+		nopcall	frame_delay
 		jmp	short loc_E10E
 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -8303,22 +8303,7 @@ loc_E14E:
 		retf	6
 sub_E114	endp
 
-
-; =============== S U B	R O U T	I N E =======================================
-
-
-sub_E15E	proc far
-		mov	bx, sp
-		mov	bx, ss:[bx+4]
-		mov	vsync_Count1, 0
-
-loc_E16A:
-		cmp	vsync_Count1, bx
-		jb	short loc_E16A
-		retf	2
-sub_E15E	endp
-
-; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+include th05/frame_delay.asm
 		db 0
 
 ; =============== S U B	R O U T	I N E =======================================